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crop circles.
1.
2. Crop circles are patterns that appear in
fields. The pattern is created when certain
areas of the crops are tamped down, but
others are left intact.
3. Crop-circle enthusiasts call themselves cereologists --
after Ceres, the Roman goddess of agriculture.
Most cereologists (or "croppies," as they are
sometimes called) believe that crop circles are the
work of either extraterrestrials or plasma vortices.
4. Around 250 crop designs around the world appear each
year on average. Several thousand have been
documented since records began.
5. Crop circles are a global phenomenon, but predominantly
appear in the Northern Hemisphere with Southern
England as the main centre of activity, particularly
Wiltshire.
6. Off-season formations have occurred, but
most appear during the three main
summer months of any given count
7. crop circles have most appeared in wheat, barley
and oilseed rape as these main crops grown in
England, but they have also been reported in
rye, oats, f lax, peas, potatoes, sweet corn maize
and many other mediums, including rice paddy
fields in Japan and wild grass
17. An 600-foot long crop circle in the shape of a
jellyfish with width of 197 feet.( June 3, 2009)
18.
19. Watchfield Wind Farm near
Shrivenham, Oxfordshire.
Reported on the 1st of August,
2008.
Kanton, Zurich, Switzerland.
Reported on the 15th of June,
2008.
Westwoods, near
Lockeridge, Wiltshire. Reported
on the 17th of July, 2008.
20. Wayland Smithy, near Ashbury,
Oxfordshire. Reported on the
27th of July, 2008
North Down, near Beckhampton,
Wiltshire. Reported on the 10th of
June, 2008.
Martinsell Hill, near Oare,
Wiltshire. Reported on the 27th
of July, 2008
21. Pontecurone (Alessandria), Italy.
Reported 22nd June, 2008.
Sudheim, Niedersachsen (Lower
Saxony), Germany. Reported on
the 7th of July, 2008.
Furze Knoll, near Beckhampton, Wiltshire.
Reported on the 20th of June, 2008.
25. UFOs and
Aliens
1
Humans Winds
5 2
THEORIES
Earth
Aircraft
Energy
3
4
26. 1 UFOs and Aliens
Possibly the most controversial theory is that crop
circles are the work of visitors from other planets
People who agree with this theory say that the circles
are either the imprint left by landing spacecraft or
messages brought from afar for us earthlings. Some
eyewitnesses claim to have seen UFO-like lights and
strange noises emanating from crop circle sites.
27. 2 Winds
A scientific theory says that crop circles are
created by small currents of swirling winds
called vortices. The spinning columns force a
burst of air down to the ground, which flattens the
crops. Vortices are common in hilly areas such as
parts of southern England.
28. 2 Winds
Dr. Terence Meaden of the TORRO in Wiltshire,
England, says the vortices that create crop circles
are charged with energy (this is called the Plasma
Vortex Theory). When dust particles get caught
up in the spinning, charged air, they can appear to
glow, which may explain the UFO-like glowing
lights many witnesses have seen near crop circles.
29. 3 Aircrafts
A few researchers have theorized that
small airplanes or helicopters stir
up downdrafts that push the crops down into
patterns.
Recreation attempts so far have not been able to
produce the types of downdrafts necessary to make
the perfectly round edges seen in most crop circles.
30. 4 Earth Energy
Some researchers believe that the earth
creates its own energy, which forms the
circles. One possible form of earth energy
is electromagnetic radiation.
scientists have measured strong magnetic
fields inside crop circles.
31. 4 Earth Energy
In the early 1990s Dr. William Levengood
discovered that crops in circles were damaged
much in the same way as plants heated in
a microwave oven. He proposed the idea that
the crops were being rapidly heated from the
inside by some kind of microwave energy.
32. 4 Earth Energy
Other researchers say that the energy comes
from under the ground or in the soil. Either
the energy is natural, such as a fungus that
attacks the crops and causes their stems to
bend over, or it is a byproduct of something
man-made, such as bombs that exploded
during World War II.
33. 5 Humans
The easiest explanation for crop circles is that
they are man-made hoaxes, created either
for fun or to stump the scientists.
Among the most famous hoaxers are the
British team of Doug Bower and Dave
Chorley, known as "Doug and Dave." In 1991,
the duo came out and announced that they
had made hundreds of crop circles since 1978.
34. 5 Humans
Joe Nickell, Senior Research Fellow of
the CSICOP says that crop circles have all
the hallmarks of hoaxes:
1. They are concentrated primarily in southern
England
2. they've become more elaborate over the years
(indicating that hoaxers are getting better at
their craft)
3. and their creators never allow themselves to be
seen
35. Informational Resource by
Ankita Haldar
Editing by Bhageshri Sainath
Narration by Pooja Tiwari
PowerPoint Presentation by
Siddhi Kulkarni
Editor's Notes
What are Crop Circles?
Crop-circle enthusiasts call themselves cereologists -- after Ceres, the Roman goddess of agriculture. Most cereologists (or "croppies," as they are sometimes called) believe that crop circles are the work of either extraterrestrials or plasma vortices.
Around 250 crop designs around the world appear each year on average. Several thousand have been documented since records began.
Crop circles are a global phenomenon, but predominantly appear in the Northern Hemisphere with Southern England as the main centre of activity, particularly Wiltshire.
Off-season formations have occurred, but most appear during the three main summer months of any given count
This pattern we see here is a 780 feet large crop circle found A triskelion or triskele is a motif consisting of three interlocked spirals.This crop circle noticed on Milk Hill in Wiltshire (Southern England) on August 13, 2001 is being hailed as the most awesome ever made. It is composed of 409 individual circles in a spiral pattern. Appropriately, it was found in the heart of crop circle country in the United Kingdom.
At Stonehenge in 1996 (below), a pilot reported seeing nothing unusual while flying above the monument at 4:15pm, yet 15 minutes later a second pilot reported this huge 900 ft formation resembling the Julia Set computer fractal. Comprising 149 circles and aligned along a spiral curve, it lay within view of the well-patrolled monument. It took a team of 11– including myself – no less than five hours just to survey the formation.
This is Mandelbrot Set formation, Probably one of the most famous formation which surfaced in 1991Her we see a perfect representation of one of the most complex shapes in mathematics. These intelligent symbols relating to the development of fractal geometry mystifiedand delighted many.
Crop circle discovered at Alton Barnes in England in June 2004
An 600-foot long crop circle in the shape of a jellyfish has appeared at an English farm.The pattern appeared on the fields of Berry Croft Farm, in KingstoneCoombes, Oxfordshire. It is about three times the size of usual crop circles, and has a width of 197 feet.
that crop circles are the work of visitors from other planetsPeople who agree with this theory say that the circles are either the imprint left by landing spacecraft or messages brought from afar for us earthlings. Some eyewitnesses claim to have seen UFO-like lights and strange noises emanating from crop circle sites.
Probably the most scientific theory says that crop circles are created by small currents of swirling winds called vortices .The spinning columns force a burst of air down to the ground, which flattens the crops. Vortices are common in hilly areas such as parts of southern England.Dr. Terence Meaden of the Tornado and Storm Research Organization (TORRO) in Wiltshire, England, says the vortices that create crop circles are charged with energy (his idea is called the Plasma Vortex Theory). When dust particles get caught up in the spinning, charged air, they can appear to glow, which may explain the UFO-like glowing lights many witnesses have seen near crop circles.But the question remains -- how can a few seconds worth of spinning air create such intricate and perfectly defined crop circles?
Probably the most scientific theory says that crop circles are created by small currents of swirling winds called vortices .The spinning columns force a burst of air down to the ground, which flattens the crops. Vortices are common in hilly areas such as parts of southern England.Dr. Terence Meaden of the Tornado and Storm Research Organization (TORRO) in Wiltshire, England, says the vortices that create crop circles are charged with energy (his idea is called the Plasma Vortex Theory). When dust particles get caught up in the spinning, charged air, they can appear to glow, which may explain the UFO-like glowing lights many witnesses have seen near crop circles.But the question remains -- how can a few seconds worth of spinning air create such intricate and perfectly defined crop circles?
Aircraft
Earth EnergySome researchers believe that the earth creates its own energy, which forms the circles. One possible form of earth energy is electromagnetic radiation. In fact, scientists have measured strong magnetic fields inside crop circles, and visitors have sometimes reported feeling a tingling sensation in their body while in or near the circles.In the early 1990s, American biophysicist Dr. William Levengood discovered that crops in circles were damaged much in the same way as plants heated in a microwave oven. He proposed the idea that the crops were being rapidly heated from the inside by some kind of microwave energy.Other researchers say that the energy comes from under the ground or in the soil. Either the energy is natural, such as a fungus that attacks the crops and causes their stems to bend over, or it is a byproduct of something man-made, such as bombs that exploded during World War II.So I guess we can say that this is quite a widely excepted theory.
Earth EnergySome researchers believe that the earth creates its own energy, which forms the circles. One possible form of earth energy is electromagnetic radiation. In fact, scientists have measured strong magnetic fields inside crop circles, and visitors have sometimes reported feeling a tingling sensation in their body while in or near the circles.In the early 1990s, American biophysicist Dr. William Levengood discovered that crops in circles were damaged much in the same way as plants heated in a microwave oven. He proposed the idea that the crops were being rapidly heated from the inside by some kind of microwave energy.Other researchers say that the energy comes from under the ground or in the soil. Either the energy is natural, such as a fungus that attacks the crops and causes their stems to bend over, or it is a byproduct of something man-made, such as bombs that exploded during World War II.So I guess we can say that this is quite a widely excepted theory.
Earth EnergySome researchers believe that the earth creates its own energy, which forms the circles. One possible form of earth energy is electromagnetic radiation. In fact, scientists have measured strong magnetic fields inside crop circles, and visitors have sometimes reported feeling a tingling sensation in their body while in or near the circles.In the early 1990s, American biophysicist Dr. William Levengood discovered that crops in circles were damaged much in the same way as plants heated in a microwave oven. He proposed the idea that the crops were being rapidly heated from the inside by some kind of microwave energy.Other researchers say that the energy comes from under the ground or in the soil. Either the energy is natural, such as a fungus that attacks the crops and causes their stems to bend over, or it is a byproduct of something man-made, such as bombs that exploded during World War II.So I guess we can say that this is quite a widely excepted theory.
HumansThe easiest explanation for crop circles is that they are man-made hoaxes, created either for fun or to stump the scientists. Among the most famous hoaxers are the British team of Doug Bower and Dave Chorley, known as "Doug and Dave." In 1991, the duo came out and announced that they had made hundreds of crop circles since 1978. To prove that they were responsible, they filmed themselves for theBBC making a circle with a rope-and-plank contraption in a Wiltshire field (see the next section for information on making a crop circle).Joe Nickell, Senior Research Fellow of the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP) says that crop circles have all the hallmarks of hoaxes: They are concentrated primarily in southern England; they've become more elaborate over the years (indicating that hoaxers are getting better at their craft); and their creators never allow themselves to be seen. But even with crop circlemakers claiming responsibility for hundreds of designs, hoaxes can't account for all of the thousands of crop circles created. Colin Andrews, cereologist and author of the book, Circular Evidence, admits that about 80 percent of crop circles are probably man-made, but says that the other 20 percent are probably the work of some "higher force."
HumansThe easiest explanation for crop circles is that they are man-made hoaxes, created either for fun or to stump the scientists. Among the most famous hoaxers are the British team of Doug Bower and Dave Chorley, known as "Doug and Dave." In 1991, the duo came out and announced that they had made hundreds of crop circles since 1978. To prove that they were responsible, they filmed themselves for theBBC making a circle with a rope-and-plank contraption in a Wiltshire field (see the next section for information on making a crop circle).Joe Nickell, Senior Research Fellow of the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP) says that crop circles have all the hallmarks of hoaxes: They are concentrated primarily in southern England; they've become more elaborate over the years (indicating that hoaxers are getting better at their craft); and their creators never allow themselves to be seen. But even with crop circlemakers claiming responsibility for hundreds of designs, hoaxes can't account for all of the thousands of crop circles created. Colin Andrews, cereologist and author of the book, Circular Evidence, admits that about 80 percent of crop circles are probably man-made, but says that the other 20 percent are probably the work of some "higher force."
