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1. REVIEW OF
TESLA MODEL S
2019

2. INTRODUCTION
MISSION
Tesla was founded in 2003 by a group of engineers who wanted
to prove that people didn’t need to compromise to drive electric
– that electric vehicles could be better, quicker and more fun to
drive than gasoline cars. Today, we build not only all-electric
vehicles but also infinitely scalable clean energy generation and
storage products.
We believe the faster the world stops relying on fossil fuels and
moves towards a zero-emissions future, the better. Tesla’s products
offer a complete solution – sustainable generation, storage and
usage – all capable of being powered by the sun. We envision a
world powered by solar energy, running on batteries and
transported by all-electric cars.
Tesla’s mission is to accelerate the world’s transition to sustainable
energy.
The world cannot reduce CO2 emissions without addressing
energy generation and consumption. And the world cannot
address its energy habits without directly reducing emissions in
the transportation and power sectors. This issue is Tesla’s entire
reason for existing. We are focused on creating a complete power
and transportation ecosystem from solar generation and energy
storage to all-electric vehicles.

3. INTRODUCTION TO TESLA
MODEL-S
Tesla’s advanced electric
powertrain delivers
exhilarating performance.
Unlike a gasoline internal
combustion engine with
hundreds of moving parts,
Tesla electric motors have
only one moving piece: the
rotor. As a result, Model S
acceleration is instantaneous,
silent and smooth. Step on the
accelerator and in as little as
3.1 seconds Model S is
travelling 60 miles per hour,
without hesitation, and
without a drop of gasoline.
Model S is an evolution in
automobile Industry.
In year 2009, during the Frankfurt Motor Show, the company revealed
the Tesla Model S, a new and improved all electric-car. By June 2012,
the Tesla Model S was available for the general public to acquire. The
Tesla Model S is the current Gold standard we are using for an electric
car. This specific model is considered the first fully electronic luxury
sedan. The car boasts superior technology to its competitors, providing
peak performance statistics in terms of mileage and emissions of
pollution. Tesla Model S’s Swappable Production coupled with its ever-
growing Super Charger Network has made consumers gain confidence in
the efficiency and feasibility of owning an all-electric powered car. In
addition to these factors, this specific model’s chic styling and safety
record has allowed the car to quickly gain popular support, where other
manufacturers have failed. With its clear competitive advantage, Tesla
Model S epitomizes the idea of a fully electric car and hence serves as
the unit of analysis for our research

4. DESIGN OVERVIEW:
1. Exterior lights
2. Door handles
3. Sunroof
4. Charge port
5. Autopilot cameras
6. Exterior mirrors Hood/Front
trunk
7. Radar sensor
8. Wheels and tires
9. Rear view camera
10. Rear trunk/liftgate
11. Ultrasonic sensors
BODY
CHASSIS
BATTERY

5. DIMENSIONS:
LABEL PARAMETER
DIMENSION
(INCH)
DIMENSION(MM)
A Overall Length 196 in 4,970 mm
B
Overall Width (including mirrors)
Overall Width (excluding mirrors)
86.2 in
77.3 in
2,189 mm
1,964 mm
C Overall Height 56.9 in* 1,445 mm*
D Wheel Base 116.5 in 2,960 mm
E Overhang - Front 36.9 in 929 mm
F Overhang - Rear 42.55 in 1,081 mm
G
Ground Clearance - Coil
Suspension (Rear Wheel Drive
vehicle)
5.5 in* 139.7 mm*
G
Ground Clearance - Coil
Suspension (All-Wheel Drive
vehicle)
5.3 in* 134.6 mm*
G
Ground Clearance - Air
Suspension
4.6 - 6.3 in 116.8 - 160 mm
H
Track - Front Track –
Rear
65.4 in & 66.9 in 1,662 mm & 1,700 mm

6. 1. Interior door handles
2. Traffic-Aware Cruise Control
3. High beams, Turn signals, Wipers and
washers
4. Steering wheel buttons
5. Instrument panel
6. Steering wheel buttons
7. Gear selector
8. Touchscreen
9. Glovebox button
10. Cabin climate control
11. Power window switches
12. Exterior mirror adjustment switches
13. Seats
14. Steering column adjuster
15. Horn
16. Brakes
17. Accelerator pedal
18. Hazard warning lights
19. Cup holders

7. AERODYNAMICES: Air drag can affect the cruising ability of pure electric vehicles, especially in the
case of high-speed driving. Tesla’s design and engineering teams have gone
to extraordinary lengths to ensure that air flows smoothly above, around
and below Model S to reduce drag, which in turn maximizes battery range.
The smart air suspension lowers the car’s height at highway speeds to
reduce its frontal area.
Model S door handles are a work of art. When a key is in close proximity,
they automatically extend. When no longer in use, they retract into the
body of the car, creating a seamless surface for air to pass over.
A carbon fiber spoiler provides Model S with incredible aerodynamics and
the lowest drag coefficient of any vehicle in its kind.

8. FRAME DESIGN:
BODY AND CHASSIS SYSTEM
The chassis design Tesla uses
was originated by Borboni-
Bird when he was at the GM
AUTOnomy Lab.
UNIBODY FRAME
The ideal design they came up with is the so-called ‘skateboard
chassis’ which houses the entire large battery pack.
The skateboard is a viable approach for Tesla and pretty much any
EV because the drivetrain has few components and takes up less
space. It has the benefits of freeing up space for the passenger
cabin, the inherently lower center of gravity improves handling
and the increased crumple zones and the battery pack
increase crashworthiness

10. CHASSIS DETAILS:
BRAKES:
Anti-Lock Brake System:
Regenerative Braking:
Model S has an anti-lock braking system (ABS) that prevents the
wheels from locking when you apply maximum brake pressure. This
improves steering control during heavy braking in most road
conditions.
During emergency braking conditions, the ABS constantly monitors
the speed of each wheel and varies the brake pressure according to
the grip available.
The alteration of brake pressure can be felt as a pulsing sensation
through the brake pedal. This demonstrates that the ABS is
operating and is not a cause for concern. Keep firm and steady
pressure on the brake pedal while experiencing the pulsing.
Whenever Model S is moving and your foot is off the
accelerator, regenerative braking slows down Model S and feeds
any surplus energy back to the Battery.
By anticipating your stops and reducing or removing pressure
from the accelerator pedal to slow down, you can take
advantage of regenerative braking to increase driving range. We
can also set range of regenerative breaking based on our
requirement.
Type
4-wheel anti-lock braking system (ABS) with Electronic Brake Force
Distribution, Integrated Advanced Stability Control and Electronic
Accelerator pedal actuated regenerative braking system
Calipers Four Piston fixed
Rotor Diameters
(ventilated) Front: 13.98”/355 mm Rear: 14.37”/365 mm
Front Rotor thickness New: 1.26”/32 mm Service limit: 1.18”/30 mm
Rear Rotor thickness
New: 1.10”/28 mm
Service limit: 1.02”/26 mm
Front Brake Pad Thickness
(excluding back plate)
0.393”/10 mm
Rear Brake Pad Thickness
(excluding back plate)
0.354”/9 mm
Parking brake Electrically actuated parking brake calipers

11. SUSPENSION SYSTEM:
Air Suspension:
Auto-Raising
Suspension:
Adaptive Air Suspension offers a superior ride quality and allows
you to choose a softer or firmer ride based on your preference.
When carrying loads, the system also maintains a level height
between the front and rear. You can manually adjust the ride
height to suit your circumstances (for example, you can raise
Model S when driving at low speeds when you need extra
ground clearance, such as when driving on a steep driveway or
ramp, in deep snow, over large speed bumps, parking curbs,
etc.). You can also specify the default ride height when driving at
higher speeds.
Auto-raising suspension saves you from manually having to raise
the suspension every time you arrive at a frequently-used
location where you have previously raised the suspension.
Whenever you raise the suspension to HIGH or VERY HIGH,
Model S saves the location. When you return to the saved
location, Model S raises the suspension.
Front Breaking System Independent, double wishbone, air spring or coil
spring/telescopic damper, sway bar
Rear Breaking System Independent, multi-link, air spring or coil spring/telescopic
damper, sway bar (air suspension vehicles only)

12. STEERING SYSTEM:
TYRES: Performance variants of the Model S P85D and P90D utilize a
low rolling resistance and high performance tire made by
Continental that’s designed specifically to reduce tire noise
through the use of sound absorbing foam. This tire technology
can reduce rolling noise by up to 9dB and limit the level of
sound that reaches into the cabin.
The Model S uses the ContiSportContact 5P high performance
tire that’s outfitted with a sound absorbing polyurethane foam
attached to the inner tire. This allows the tire to maintain
the same level of grip, steering response and wet performance,
but also roll substantially quieter.
Type Rack and pinion with electronic power steering, speed sensitive
Number of turns lock to lock 2.05
Turning Circle (curb to curb) 38.8 ft (11.8 m)
Wheel Type Location Size Offset
19"
Front 8.0J x 19
1.575"
40 mm
Rear 8.0J x 19
1.575"
40 mm
21" - Silver (standard) Front 8.5J x 21
1.575"
40 mm
21" - Grey (standard) Rear 8.5J x 21
1.575"
40 mm
21" - Silver and Grey (optional) Performance Plus
vehicles Rear 9.0J x 21
1.575"
40 mm
Material Used Bauxite: Aluminium alloy wheels are
also made from bauxite ore.
Rubber: Natural rubber comes from
rubber trees, but today 70% of US
rubber is synthetic, made from
petrochemicals.

13. GEARBOX
BATTERY
MOTOR INVERTER
POWERTRAIN:
TRANSMISSION:
BATTERY:
Type Single speed fixed gear
Overall Final Drive Ratio Small motor: 9.325:1
Large motor: 9.734:1
Reverse Gear Reverse direction of motor, limited to 15
mph (24 km/h)
Type Liquid-cooled lithium ion (Li-
ion)
Rating 60, 70, 75, 85, 90, or 100 kWh
(at beginning of life)
Nominal Voltage - 85, 90, and 100 kWh
Nominal Voltage - 60, 70, and 75 kWh
350 V DC
300 V DC
Temperature Range Do not expose Model S to
ambient temperatures above
140° F (60° C) or below -22°
F (-30° C) for more than 24
hours at a time.

14. MOTOR:
PERFORMANCE:
Type Rear: AC induction motor, liquid-
cooled, with variable frequency
drive
Front: AC permanent magnet
synchronous motor, liquid-cooled,
with variable frequency drive
Nominal Voltage 320 Volts
Maximum speed of large motors:
- Rear motor on all Rear Wheel Drive
vehicles
- Rear motor on Performance All-
Wheel Drive vehicles
16,000 rpm
Maximum speed of small motors:
- front motor on all All-Wheel Drive
vehicles
- Rear motor on non-Performance
All-Wheel Drive vehicles
18,000 rpm
Maximum net power* and motor
speed of large motors
Base: 285 kW @ 6,850 rpm
Performance: 375 kW @ 5,900 rpm
Maximum net power* and motor
speed of small motors
193 kW @ 6100 rpm
Maximum torque of large motors Base: 440 Nm
Performance: 650 Nm
Maximum torque of small motors 330 Nm

15. There is no internal
combustion engine in
Model S, so the crumple
zone has greater
opportunity to minimize
occupant deceleration in
The combination of a high-
strength central pillar and
an energy-absorbing sill
structure provides
exceptional protection to
both the occupant and the
The position and weight of the
floor-mounted battery pack
provides a very low center of
gravity—allowing for the
lowest rollover risk of any car
on the road.
PASSIVE SAFETY:
AIRBAGS:
1. Passenger knee airbag
2. Passenger front airbag
3. Side airbags
4. Curtain airbags
5. Driver’s knee airbag
6. Driver’s front airbag
Airbags are located in the approximate areas shown
here. Model S is equipped with an airbag and
lap/shoulder belt at both front outboard seating
positions. The airbag is a supplemental restraint at those
seating positions. All occupants, including the driver,
should always wear their seat belts whether or not an
airbag is also provided at their seating position to
minimize the risk of severe injury or death in the event of
a crash.

16. PEDESTRIAN SAFETY:
ACTIVE HOOD:
SPEAKER PEDESTRIAN
NOISE:
TESLA MODEL S ACTIVE
HOOD:
Model S features a pyrotechnically-assisted pedestrian
protection system that reduces head injuries to pedestrians
and cyclists in a frontal collision. If the sensors in the front
bumper detect an impact with a pedestrian when Model S is
moving between 19 and 53 km/h, the rear portion of the
hood automatically raises approximately 80 mm. This creates
space between the relatively soft hood and the hard
components beneath to absorb some of the impact energy in
a collision.
Artificial sound is generated when vehicle is at low speed i.e.
during traffic, the sound will warn the pedestrian about the
incoming vehicle

17. ACTIVE SAFETY: ADAPTIVE FRONT LIGHTING SYSTEM
The Adaptive Front Lighting System (AFS) automatically
adjusts the beam of the headlights to improve your driving
view. Electric sensors measure driving speed, steering angle
and yaw (the rotation of the car around the vertical axis) to
determine the optimum position of the headlights based on
current driving conditions.
CHILD PROTECTION LOCK
Model S has child-protection locks on the rear doors and
liftgate to prevent them from being opened using interior
handles. Use the touchscreen to turn child-protection locks on
or off.
SPEEDOMETER WITH ADVANCE FEATURES
BLIND SPOT WARNING
ANTI BRAKING SYSTEM
TRACTION CONTROL SYSTEM
ELECTRONIC STABILITY PROGRAM
MULTIFUCTIONAL SPEEDOMETER
CRUISE CONTROL
HORN
MAINTAINING TIRE PRESSURE
FOG LIGHT
WALKAWAY LOCK SYSTEM
ANTI THEFT FEATURE AND SOFTWARE PROTECTION
WIPERS WITH DE-ICING WIPPERS SETTING

18. AUTOPILOT
SENSORS LOCATION:
FEATURES OF
AUTOPILOT:
Model S includes the following Autopilot components that
actively monitor the surrounding roadway:
1. A camera is mounted above the rear license plate.
2. Ultrasonic sensors are located in the front and rear bumpers.
3. A camera is mounted in each door pillar.
4. Three cameras are mounted to the windshield above the rear
view mirror.
5. A camera is mounted to each front fender.
6. Radar is mounted behind the front bumper on the left side of the
vehicle.
These safety features are available on all Model S equipped with
Autopilot components:
• Lane Assist.
• Collision Avoidance Assist
• Speed Assist.
• Auto High Beam.
• Traffic-Aware Cruise Control.
• Autosteer.
• Auto Lane Change.
• Autopark.
• Summon.
• Navigate on Autopilot.
• Stop Light Warning.

19. AUTOPILOT
3600
Degrees of visibility
160m
of Forward Protection
12
Ultrasonic Sensors
SUMMON
Automatically retrieve your
car by using car keys
AUTOPARK
Parallel and Perpendicular
parking with a single touch
AUTO LANE CHANGE
Automatically change lanes
while driving on the highway

20. Automatic steering with traffic aware cruise control
Active sensors combined with GPS and high-resolution digital maps comprise a mutually
reinforcing system that pilots Model S along the highway, staying within your lane, even in
stop and go traffic. Real time feedback from the tesla fleet ensures the system is continually
learning and improving upon itself.
Emergency Braking Detect object and automatically apply brakes to prevent impact
Full Self-Driving Hardware
Every new Model S comes
standard with advanced
hardware capable of providing
Autopilot features today, and full
self-driving capabilities in the
future—through software updates
designed to improve functionality
over time

21. PREMIUM INTERIOR
Tesla's quiet powertrain and
meticulous noise suppression
engineering create interior sound
dynamics comparable to a
recording studio.

22. All-Weather Comfort
Enhance comfort with front
and rear seat heaters, a
heated steering wheel, wiper
blade defrosters and washer
nozzle heaters.
Pollution-Free, Inside and Out
Hospital-grade air quality is delivered
through a HEPA filtration system to
prevent viruses and bacteria from
entering the cabin
Pristine Sound
A custom audio system featuring 11
speakers with neodymium magnets and
an 8” subwoofer.

23. The
Touchscreen
The Model S 17 inch
touchscreen controls most of
the car’s functions. Opening the
all glass panoramic roof,
customizing the automatic
climate control, and changing
the radio station all happen
with a swipe or a touch. The
touchscreen, digital
instrument cluster, and
steering wheel controls
seamlessly integrate media,
navigation, communications,
cabin controls and vehicle data
MEDIA
AM/FM/HD radio, online radio, on-demand Internet
radio, Bluetooth®, and USB audio devices
CAMERA
High definition backup camera, optimized for visibility and safety
MAP
Simple, intuitive Google Maps™ with real time traffic information
PHONE
Bluetooth-enabled, voice controlled handsfree phone system
CONTROL
Driving personalization, climate controls, and cabin controls
CALENDAR
Calendar synchronization for daily schedule and tap to navigate
ENERGY
Real time energy consumption and range estimation

24. SECURITY: If your Model S is equipped with the Enhanced Anti-Theft
upgrade, the horn sounds in situations where a locked door
or trunk is opened and Model S does not detect a key
nearby. If the Tilt/Intrusion setting is on, the horn also
sounds if Model S detects motion inside the cabin, or if the
vehicle is moved or tilted (for example, with a tow truck or
jack).
PIN to Drive:
To increase security, you can prevent Model S from being
driven until a 4-digit PIN (Personal Identification Number) is
entered.
Sentry Mode:
For added security, Sentry Mode continuously monitors
your vehicle’s surroundings by keeping its cameras and
sensors powered on while the vehicle is locked and in
Park. When in Sentry Mode, Model S may go through
three states depending on its surroundings: Standby,
Alert, and Alarm.
Model S automatically enters the Standby state when
you enable Sentry Mode. In the Standby state, the
vehicle’s cameras are constantly monitoring its
surroundings. If the vehicle detects a threat, such as
someone leaning on Model S, Sentry Mode switches to
the Alert state.
In the Alert state, the touchscreen displays a message
indicating that the cameras are recording the event. For
major threats, such as someone breaking a window,
Sentry Mode triggers the Alarm state. When in the Alert
state, Sentry Mode saves the last ten minutes of video
footage prior to the event that triggered the Alert state.

25. VEHICLE
IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER:
You can find the VIN at the following locations:
• Touch the Tesla "T" at the top center of the
touchscreen. The popup window displays the VIN.
• Stamped on a plate located at the top of the
dashboard. Can be seen by looking through the
windshield.
• Printed on the Vehicle Certification label, located on
the door pillar. Can be seen when the driver’s door is
open.
Emission Control Label
The emission control label is located on the opening face of
the liftgate

26. CARBON FOOTPRINT:

29. REFERENCES:
 Tesla-impact-report-2019 (Safety)
 https://www.tesla.com/models
 https://www.dissertations.se/dissertation/d80c
10a879/
 https://unpluggedperformance.com/product-
category/model-s-products/model-s-products-
refresh-2016-5-facelift/model-s-wheels-refresh-
facelift-2016-5/
 https://www.valuewalk.com/2016/03/tesla-
model-s-raw-materials-graphic/
 https://www.valuewalk.com/2014/05/tesla-
motors-inc-model-s-vs-bmw-i8/
 https://www.autoplus.fr/tesla-motors/model-
s/actualite/Ordinateur-de-bord-GPS-Vehicule-
electrique-Tesla-Motors-Model-S-1486803.html
 https://www.autonews.com/article/20121211/C
UTAWAY/312119998/suppliers-to-the-2013-
tesla-s
 https://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2011/12/te
sla-model-s-pricing-analysis/
 https://teslarenter.com/8-reasons-flagstaff-
residents-should-buy-a-tesla/