preliminary library research work

1. ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TOWARDS ENHANCING USER FACILITIES IN THE DESIGN OF PROPOSED HYBRID PUBLIC
LIBRARY ABUJA
P17evat8061
SAMBO, David
Supervisors:
Dr. Eneh, A.E.O.
Arc. H.O. Saliu.
BROUNDGROUND TO STUDY
The focus of public library design is shifting from storing and protecting valuable resources (books) to the
experience of an active public space of learning, engaging and reading (Lee, 2016). Arguably, so far, the
digital library elements have served to augment, rather than replace, conventional libraries (Oppenheim,
1999). A simple way of defining the hybrid library is that it is a means of integrating the traditional library
with the digital library.
A library plays an important role in providing information services and resources to assist users in their studies and research activities. It possesses
information in the form of books, periodicals, audio-visual and electronic media (Motiang, Wallis, & Karodia, 2014).
A public library is a library that is made to serve the public irrespective of its caste, gender and religion, to serve them intellectually and educate them
informally (Seher & Aslam, 2018).
Recent developments in communication and information technologies have deeply influenced the way
the role of library building as physical, social, and symbolic space is defined (Mehtonen, 2013).
The emergence of digital culture has been seen as a challenge or even a threat to the existence and
future of traditional library.
Low patronage of library due to technological advancement
Libraries act as poor social environment because of lack of adequate user facilities
PROBLEM STATEMENT
• To identify which contemporary user facilities features can be incorporated in the design of Hybrid
Public Library.
• To design a framework from literature and case studies on contemporary user facilities and functional
features in a Hybrid Public Library design.
• To demonstrate the outcome of the findings in the design of a Hybrid Public Library in Abuja, Nigeria.
AIM
• This study aim at integrating
contemporary user facilities in the
design of Hybrid Public Library
Abuja
OBJECTIVES

2. ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TOWARDS ENHANCING USER FACILITIES IN THE DESIGN OF PROPOSED HYBRID PUBLIC
LIBRARY ABUJA
P17evat8061
SAMBO, David
Supervisors:
Dr. Eneh, A.E.O.
Arc. H.O. Saliu.
The term 'hybrid library' entered the parlance of the
library and information profession in the past
decade as a metaphor to describe the new face of
the library.
The concept of the hybrid library itself may be seen
as one response to changes impacting on
organisations, such as the widening use of
information and communication technologies in all
spheres of activity,(Nwosu, Opara, & Orji, 2019).
CATALYSTS DRIVING CHANGE LIBRARIES:
 Changing customer demands and
expectations.
 Public sector funding pressures.
 The need to refresh some of our library
buildings.
 Books and resources created electronically
rather than in print.
 The shift to mobile technology.
 The web revolutionizing the way customers
work. McGettigan (2013)
According to Pinfield, (1998), Hybrid
Library is not just a traditional
library (only containing paper-
based resources) or just a virtual
library (only contains electronic
resources), but somewhere
between the two.
COLLABORATIVE SPACES PUBLIC SPACES FLEXIBLE SPACES
FACILITIES IN HYBRID LIBRARY
Welcome
Network
expert systems
Video conferencing
Business Incubator
Community Meeting Room
Intergenerational Living Room
Community Garden
Pop-up
Messy Space
Quiet Room
Vibrant Café
Browsing Bookstore

3. ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TOWARDS ENHANCING USER FACILITIES IN THE DESIGN OF PROPOSED HYBRID PUBLIC
LIBRARY ABUJA
P17evat8061
SAMBO, David
Supervisors:
Dr. Eneh, A.E.O.
Arc. H.O. Saliu.
This research is qualitative and quantitative in nature and the methods of data collection to be employed include case studies,
visual surveys and questionnaire survey. For the purpose of this study, purposive sampling is used. Public Libraries selected
includes
RESEARCH DESIGN
 Murtala Mohammed Public Library Kano
 Kaduna State Public Library
 National of Nigeria library, Abuja.
RESEARCH VARIABLES
DEPENDENT VARIABLES INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
Contemporary Users’
Facilities
Welcome; Vibrant Café;
Browsing Bookstore;
Intergenerational Living
Room; Messy Space;
Community Meeting Room;
Quiet Room; Business
Incubator; Pop-up;
Community Garden;
Network; Video conferencing
and expert systems.
Principles for contemporary
library design
Accessibility and inclusion
Visibility and connectivity
Flexibility and adaptability
DATA COLLECTION
DATA ANALYSIS
 Method of data collection
 Instruments of data collection
 Deductions from observation in the field and research findings as well as data
from questionnaires will be analysed.
 The data obtained from the visual survey will be analysed descriptively with the
aid of pictures.
 Data obtained from the questionnaire will be analysed using IBM SPSS Version
21 and other computer applications.
1. Case studies
2. Questionnaire survey
3. Visual survey
1. Questionnaire,
2. Observation checklist
3. Camera,
4. Note book,
5. Sketchpad

4. ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TOWARDS ENHANCING USER FACILITIES IN THE DESIGN OF PROPOSED HYBRID PUBLIC
LIBRARY ABUJA
P17evat8061
SAMBO, David
Supervisors:
Dr. Eneh, A.E.O.
Arc. H.O. Saliu.
CASE STUDY ONE
MURTALA MUHAMMED LIBRARY COMPLEX, KANO.
YEAR OF COMPLETION: 2017
ARCHITECT: ATO ARCHITECTS
CLIENT: KANO STATE GOVERNMENT
The library was established in May 1967 but was never completed to be
fully operational until 1981. During this period the library has been
known as Kano state public library.
The library serves as a reservoir of knowledge to the community and
consist of four (4) main departments
1. Readers Service Department
2. Book Development Department
3. Administration Department
4. Planning, research and development
SITE AND SURROUNDING
The entire library building covers about 40% of the entire land area. Few
dedicated parking area, the site area opposite the main entrance into the
building serves as the parking area for the general public and on the rear side of
the building is another parking lot mainly for the staff.
Landscape elements such as hedges shrubs and trees are present at the entrance
and parking area though rarely.
VARIABLE FACILITIES LEVEL OF APPLICATION
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
REMARKS
ACCESSIBILITY
AND INCLUSION
LOCATED NEAR A
TRANSPORT HUB
PRESENCE OF A SINGLE BUS
STOP
LOCATED ON A MAIN CITY
OR TOWN SQUARE
LOCATED IN GOVERNMENT
RESERVED AREA, BUT
ACCESS NOT ADEQUATE
FOR THE ENTIRE CITY
LOCATED NEAR A SHOPPING
MALL
FAR FROM THE MAJOR CITY
SHOPPING MALL
CO-LOCATED WITH OTHER
SERVICES
LOCATED WITH MANY
OTHER SERVICES LIKE THE
CBN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
CENTRE, AND SO FORTH.
VISIBILITY AND
CONNECTIVITY
AN ATRIUM ABSENCE OF ANY VISIBLE
ATRIUM
GENEROUS RECEPTION AREA VERY GENEROUS
RECEPTION AREA, ENOUGH
TO ACCOMMODATE THE
TRAFFIC COMING INTO THE
FACILITY.
SIMPLE FURNITURE LAYOUT SIMPLE LAYOUT IN SOME
SPACES
GOOD DISPLAY TECHNIQUES BOOKS AND OTHER
MATERIAL DISPLAYED ON
OLD SELVES, NOT VERY
FLEXIBLE.
FEW VISUAL OBSTRUCTIONS. SPACES VERY OPEN, FEW
COLUMNS OBSTRUCT
VIEWS
FLEXIBILITY AND
ADAPTABILITY
COLUMNS OR
DEMOUNTABLE WALLS
NO VISIBLE COLUMNS OR
DEMOUNTABLE WALLS
AN ADAPTABLE FURNITURE
LAYOUT.
FURNITURE LAYOUT RIGID
AND DIFFICULT TO MOVE
OR REARRANGE
CHECKLIST

5. ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TOWARDS ENHANCING USER FACILITIES IN THE DESIGN OF PROPOSED HYBRID PUBLIC
LIBRARY ABUJA
P17evat8061
SAMBO, David
Supervisors:
Dr. Eneh, A.E.O.
Arc. H.O. Saliu.
CASE STUDY TWO
NAME: KADUNA STATE PUBLIC LIBRARY
YEAR OF COMPLETION: MAY 1988
ARCHITECT: ATO ARCHITECTS
CLIENT: KADUNA STATE GOVERNMENT
The Kaduna State Public Library was established in 1962 by the then
northern regional government to provide the general public with an
environment for learning and an easy access to information.
The library is made up of three departments namely:
1. Administrative Department
2. Readers Services Department
3. Research and Development Department
SITE AND SURROUNDING
About 40% of the site, approximately, has been used for the
development of the structures on site. The parking areas are
restricted to about 30 meters from the sites boundary on both the
staff entrance and the visitor’s entrance. Landscape elements of
shrubs and grasses are only present on a minimal scale along the
main entrance of the library.
VARIABLE FACILITIES LEVEL OF APPLICATION
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
REMARKS
ACCESSIBILITY
AND INCLUSION
LOCATED NEAR A
TRANSPORT HUB
PRESENCE OF A SINGLE BUS
STOP
LOCATED ON A MAIN CITY
OR TOWN SQUARE
LOCATED IN GOVERNMENT
RESERVED AREA, BUT
ACCESS NOT ADEQUATE
FOR THE ENTIRE CITY
LOCATED NEAR A SHOPPING
MALL
FAR FROM THE MAJOR CITY
SHOPPING MALL
CO-LOCATED WITH OTHER
SERVICES
LOCATED WITH MANY
OTHER SERVICES LIKE THE
CBN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
CENTRE, AND SO FORTH.
VISIBILITY AND
CONNECTIVITY
AN ATRIUM ABSENCE OF ANY VISIBLE
ATRIUM
GENEROUS RECEPTION AREA VERY GENEROUS
RECEPTION AREA, ENOUGH
TO ACCOMMODATE THE
TRAFFIC COMING INTO THE
FACILITY.
SIMPLE FURNITURE LAYOUT SIMPLE LAYOUT IN SOME
SPACES
GOOD DISPLAY TECHNIQUES BOOKS AND OTHER
MATERIAL DISPLAYED ON
OLD SELVES, NOT VERY
FLEXIBLE.
FEW VISUAL OBSTRUCTIONS. SPACES VERY OPEN, FEW
COLUMNS OBSTRUCT
VIEWS
FLEXIBILITY AND
ADAPTABILITY
COLUMNS OR
DEMOUNTABLE WALLS
NO VISIBLE COLUMNS OR
DEMOUNTABLE WALLS
AN ADAPTABLE FURNITURE
LAYOUT.
FURNITURE LAYOUT RIGID
AND DIFFICULT TO MOVE
OR REARRANGE

6. ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TOWARDS ENHANCING USER FACILITIES IN THE DESIGN OF PROPOSED HYBRID PUBLIC
LIBRARY ABUJA
P17evat8061
SAMBO, David
Supervisors:
Dr. Eneh, A.E.O.
Arc. H.O. Saliu.
QUESTIONNAIRE ANALYSIS
Library Distributed Retrieved Invalid
Murtala Muhammad Public Library, Kano. 100 96 9
Kaduna State Public Library 100 85 9
Abuja State Public Library 100 84 11
Total 300 265 29
Total Analysed 265-29= 236
SUMMARY OF QUESTIONNAIRE DISTRIBUTION
• This shows that the library complex is dominated by the young
adults and as such they should be at the center of design and
policy consideration.
• Data shows that all groups of various occupation uses the library
for different purpose.
• The data will also help in determining how various user groups
would use the library facilities.
• The result also shows that the level of education is not a function
of library usage.
• Though the users of library with higher education qualification are
higher in number.
• 36% of the respondents answered weekly, This shows the
continues use of the facilities provided,
• 30% responded daily supporting the fact that the library is not a
dead environment as often thought
• 58% of the users use the library for reading. This is no surprise
since most of the respondents have attained or in the process of
attaining higher education qualification.
• The second group of people (18%) uses the library for intellectual
discussion, be it general/ current affairs, symposiums etc.

7. ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TOWARDS ENHANCING USER FACILITIES IN THE DESIGN OF PROPOSED HYBRID PUBLIC
LIBRARY ABUJA
P17evat8061
SAMBO, David
Supervisors:
Dr. Eneh, A.E.O.
Arc. H.O. Saliu.
QUESTIONNAIRE ANALYSIS
S/N Function N ΣAIat Σ𝑃𝐴𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥 RII Rank
1 Business incubator 236 1154 1180 0.978 1
2 Messy space 235 1132 1175 0.963 2
3 Community room 233 1053 1165 0.904 3
4 Quiet Room 234 1009 1170 0.862 4
5 Reference section 235 1012 1175 0.861 5
6 Study room 234 967 1170 0.826 6
7 Inter-generational living room 234 936 1170 0.800 7
8 Bookstore 233 894 1165 0.767 8
9 Pop-up 236 904 1180 0.766 9
10 Community garden 236 886 1180 0.751 10
S/N Function N ΣAIat Σ𝑃𝐴𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥 RII Rank
1 Video conferencing 235 1152 1175 0.980 1
2 Online services 235 1032 1175 0.878 2
3 Network system 235 998 1175 0.849 3
4 Expert system 234 913 1170 0.780 4
5 I-wall 233 909 1165 0.780 5
6 I-floor 235 1175 1175 0.766 6
• This shows that all the variables above will be considered satisfactory
since they all score 𝑅.𝐼.𝐼≥0.7 and can be adopted for the proposed
Hybrid public library

8. ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TOWARDS ENHANCING USER FACILITIES IN THE DESIGN OF PROPOSED HYBRID PUBLIC
LIBRARY ABUJA
P17evat8061
SAMBO, David
Supervisors:
Dr. Eneh, A.E.O.
Arc. H.O. Saliu.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
1. Occupation of users in libraries are mostly student, and the next significant
group of users are self-employed (entrepreneurs)
2. Majority of the library users fall within the ages of 19-24. This shows that the
library complex is dominated by the young adults and as such they should be
at the center of design and policy consideration.
3. Major use of library is reading, group discussion and business meeting. Using
and borrowing of library materials shows a significantly low usage. This will
make the use of book shelves obsolete or significantly reduced.
4. Another group identified meeting and “gisting” as a thing to do in the
library as such provision of open air sheds, gazebos and shaded trees would
suit such individuals. Courtyards and terraces could also be utilized for this
function.
5. Business incubators (hubs) with 0.978 RII value, followed by messy space/areas
with 0.963 RII; while Community room with 0.904 RII; Quiet room with 0.862
all ranked the highest above the reference section in a library.
6. Reference section and study room which was the most important space in a
library scored a ranking of 5th and 6th with RII of 0.861 and 0.826 respectively,
these are relatively high RII and as such would not be completely left out only
scaled down
7. Video conferencing spaces with 0.980 RII value, followed by online
services with 0.878 RII; while network system with 0.849 RII. This will
cause the amount of lighting needed within the library to be drastically
reduced as screens and projections will be more frequent around the
library.
8. Expert system (computerized customer care system) with RII of
0.780 will cause a reduction in some administrative spaces.
9. Reduced need for books and book shelves will cause a reduction in
the space for bindery as online services with RII of 0.878 will be more
pronounced with the library environment.
DE
DESIGN FRAMEWORK

9. ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TOWARDS ENHANCING USER FACILITIES IN THE DESIGN OF PROPOSED HYBRID PUBLIC
LIBRARY ABUJA
P17evat8061
SAMBO, David
Supervisors:
Dr. Eneh, A.E.O.
Arc. H.O. Saliu.
CASE STUDY ONE
P2 URBAN HYBRID | LIBRARY
ARCHITECTS: LAAC
AREA: 30500.0 M²
YEAR: 2018
The Project P2 combines a city library, a public space with
restaurants and residential accommodation within a multi
faceted building complex.
The concept for Innsbruck’s new City Library sees this as a
public space as well as a place of learning and coming
together.
With a broad range of uses including learning and reading
areas, a children’s library, a reading café, an events space,
a city gallery and spaces for a model of the city.
The design consists of three different volumes: a base
containing the spaces of the new City Library, a residential
tower and a public space.
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURE
1. The high-rise project P2 is built in reinforced concrete skeleton construction.
2. The faceted facade of the tower dissolves the projectile structure with
opaque and transparent elements, creating a monolithic overall effect.
3. All window elements are framed in aluminum.
4. The facade of the base structure is designed as a mullion-transom system.
5. The metal facade is made of aluminum composite panels.
6. Due to the proximity to the railway high acoustic protection with
correspondingly thick glass, structures are necessary.
Level 1 Level 2
Level 4 Level 3

10. ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TOWARDS ENHANCING USER FACILITIES IN THE DESIGN OF PROPOSED HYBRID PUBLIC
LIBRARY ABUJA
P17evat8061
SAMBO, David
Supervisors:
Dr. Eneh, A.E.O.
Arc. H.O. Saliu.
CASE STUDY TWO
COLUMBUS METROPOLITAN LIBRARY
ARCHITECTS: NBBJ
AREA:3901.92 M²
YEAR:2019
The library aims to be part of a more connected and walkable
community through thoughtful landscape design and active
public spaces
The library merges spaces for quiet introspection with places to
meet, socialize, study, hang out and plug in. A double-height
atrium brings daylight to all levels.
Design strategy that maximizes space, lifting a less-active stack
volume above a split-level ground condition. Its dynamic upper
volume cascades above a heavy plinth that negotiates grade and
facilitates movement down and through the library space.
Conceived of as a flexible space for the people of Dublin and the public at
large, the new library extends learning opportunities and interaction through
space-making, becoming a hub in a suburb on the cusp of transformation

11. ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TOWARDS ENHANCING USER FACILITIES IN THE DESIGN OF PROPOSED HYBRID PUBLIC
LIBRARY ABUJA
P17evat8061
SAMBO, David
Supervisors:
Dr. Eneh, A.E.O.
Arc. H.O. Saliu.
SITE RATING Site A Site B Site C
CRITERIA SITE A SITE B SITE C REMARK

12. ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TOWARDS ENHANCING USER FACILITIES IN THE DESIGN OF PROPOSED HYBRID PUBLIC
LIBRARY ABUJA
P17evat8061
SAMBO, David
Supervisors:
Dr. Eneh, A.E.O.
Arc. H.O. Saliu.
SITE LOCATION DETAILS

13. ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TOWARDS ENHANCING USER FACILITIES IN THE DESIGN OF PROPOSED HYBRID PUBLIC
LIBRARY ABUJA
P17evat8061
SAMBO, David
Supervisors:
Dr. Eneh, A.E.O.
Arc. H.O. Saliu.
CLIMATIC ANALYSIS AND SITE FEATURES

14. ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TOWARDS ENHANCING USER FACILITIES IN THE DESIGN OF PROPOSED HYBRID PUBLIC
LIBRARY ABUJA
P17evat8061
SAMBO, David
Supervisors:
Dr. Eneh, A.E.O.
Arc. H.O. Saliu.
TOPOGRAGHY AND SERVICES

15. ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TOWARDS ENHANCING USER FACILITIES IN THE DESIGN OF PROPOSED HYBRID PUBLIC
LIBRARY ABUJA
P17evat8061
SAMBO, David
Supervisors:
Dr. Eneh, A.E.O.
Arc. H.O. Saliu.
SITE SPATIAL ZONING

16. ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TOWARDS ENHANCING USER FACILITIES IN THE DESIGN OF PROPOSED HYBRID PUBLIC
LIBRARY ABUJA
P17evat8061
SAMBO, David
Supervisors:
Dr. Eneh, A.E.O.
Arc. H.O. Saliu.

17. ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TOWARDS ENHANCING USER FACILITIES IN THE DESIGN OF PROPOSED HYBRID PUBLIC
LIBRARY ABUJA
P17evat8061
SAMBO, David
Supervisors:
Dr. Eneh, A.E.O.
Arc. H.O. Saliu.

18. ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TOWARDS ENHANCING USER FACILITIES IN THE DESIGN OF PROPOSED HYBRID PUBLIC
LIBRARY ABUJA
P17evat8061
SAMBO, David
Supervisors:
Dr. Eneh, A.E.O.
Arc. H.O. Saliu.