设计开发实效 Web2.0 应用程序

设计开发实效 Web2.0 应用程序

朱可 (@shawnzhu)
软件工程师
IBM 中国开发实验室新兴技术中心

内容概况

从实际出发看 Web2.0 应用程序开发
• 趋势和主题
• 从核心问题入手
• 实用主义观点
• 工具和技能

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Web2.0: 2010
• 社会网络与社会化游戏
• 在线Web应用程序商店
• 微博客
• 在线商店和在线支付
• 基于位置和地理信息的应用
• 互联网电视、在线电影和视频

Copyright 2010 © IBM Corporation
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Web2.0 开发的核心问题

• 更多的用户数量
• 更多的在线任务
• 越来越多的相互联系的数据
• 安全威胁与隐私保护
• 新的客户端平台

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Web2.0 开发新主题

基于Web的开放编程接口

大规模数据分析

云计算

移劢Web

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Web 应用程序之实用主义观点

• 用户体验 (User experience)
• 成本 (Costs)
• 系统复杂度 (System complexity)
• 可测试的系统 (Testable system)
• 行劢敏捷 (Do things agile)

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“It's the Customer, Stupid!”
• 简单易用的用户体验设计
• 清晰的信息架构
• 多重访问渠道
• 浏览器移劢设备同步应用 API 访问
(如 OpenSocial)

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(http://thepcsecurity.com/use-multiple-browsers-to-ensure-internet-security/) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenSocial)

简单易用的用户体验设计
保持一致的 UI 模型
• Yahoo! Design library
• Dijit from Dojo toolkit
• jQuery widget (http://developer.yahoo.com/ypatterns/selection/autocomplete.html)

提供反馈信息
保持简洁

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(http://ajaxian.com/archives/dissecting -dijit-dojo-widgets)

用户体验设计之 IBM OneUI

<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/core.css" type="text/css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/defaultTheme.css" type= "text/css"/>
…
<body class="lotusui">
…
描述 CSS 和 HTML 结构
• 通用布局
• UI 组件
• 主题

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清晰的信息架构设计
Logo Category

Title Navigation tab

Tips & wizard

Filters

Common links
Footer

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信息架构设计之HTML文档参考
<body>
<header><nav></nav></header>
<aside><!-– filters in tag cloud --></aside>
<div>
<section><!-– tips --></section>
<section><!–- content list --></section>
<!–- other sections -->
</div>
<footer></footer>
</body>

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通过良好的架构管理系统复杂
度，控制运营成本

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实效Web2.0应用程序架构

• 应用设计原则分离关注点
– 会话(session)信息的保存负载平衡器

– 事务与数据一致性检查
– 可用性 Web应用 Web应用

– 规模化 Web容器 Web容器

– 数据存储缓存

– 可管理性
主数据库从数据库

典型Web2.0应用程序架构参考
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使用云计算基础设施部署 Web 应用

• 弹性基础设施 Public
Network
• 按需支付
• 高可伸缩性
Amazon Elastic
• 海量数据存储 Load Balancing

• 管理与监视能力
WebSphere sMash Amazon S3
On Amazon EC2 (Elastic CDN)

Amazon RDB Amazon SimpleDB

WebSphere sMash + Amazon Web Services
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在云计算平台上开发 Web 应用

使用方便但选择有限
• Google AppEngine: Python or Java
• Sina AppEngine: PHP

按使用率付费 16

可测试的系统

“Test when possible.”

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测试 Web2.0 应用程序
“Test twice, write once.”
普及单元测试
• JUnit, Ruby ‘test/unit’, Python ‘unittest’, PHPT
功能测试
• django.test.client.Client
• curl
• java.net.URLConnection
性能测试
• Apache JMeter, LoadRunner
集成测试
• Selenium
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工具和技能

• 新兴编程语言
• 云计算技术
• 新兴数据库技术
• 可复用的组件服务
• OpenID, Online Map, Google search, 在线
相册, 在线文件分享，即时通信服务(XMPP,
Wave)

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选择数据库

• 关系型数据库
• 最为常用，面向结构化数据的查询和编辑
• 非关系型数据库(NoSQL)
• 列数据库: HBase, Cassandra
• 键值对数据库: CouchDB, MongoDB, AWS
SimpleDB
• 内容数据库: JCR, AWS S3

提示：
只有在 SQL 数据库无法满足功能性需要时，再选择 NoSQL 数据库
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敏捷风格的开发过程

原则
• 尽早、经常地交付可用的软件
• 保持简单
方法论
• DRY – Don’t repeat your self
• 尽可能多地测试
• 代码重构与设计重构
• 从错误和失败中学习

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Web2.0 应用程序的安全

提防安全漏洞保护 Web 应用
• XSS (跨站脚本)
• CSRF (跨站请求伪造)
使用开放安全协议保护用户隐私
• 使用 SSL 加密通信传输
• 使用 OpenID 管理用户身份信息
• 使用 OAuth 与第三方服务交换数据

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小结
• 简单易用的用户体验设计
• 通过良好的架构管理系统复杂度，控制运营成本
• 构建可测试的系统
• 把握敏捷行劢的原则和方法
• 注重应用程序安全和用户隐私

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参考信息
• Yahoo! Design Library
• Amazon Web Services
• IBM OneUI
• Dojo toolkit
• Projectzero 开发社区
• NoSQL

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设计开发实效 Web2.0 应用程序

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