5. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
structures
Statement : Sub + v1 + obj (SV1)
Sachin plays cricket.
Question : HV+sub+v1+obj?
Does sachin play cricket?
Negative S: Sub + hv + not + v1 + obj
Sachin does not play tennis.
5
6. USAGE
1. Daily actions : I wake up at 6
I start my class at 7
2. Habitual actions : He reads books
She collects stamps
3. Universal truth : The sun rises in the east
4. Possession : I have a car
She has a diamond
Imp1: Simple present t --- Present continuous t
6
7. *** Exams point of view
1. Verbs of sense: see, hear, smell
2. Verbs of possession: possess, own, belong
3. Verbs expressing feeling or state of mind:
Love, hate, wish, hope
4. Verbs referring to mental activity:
think, remember, believe
5. Some other verbs: seem, appear, look
7
10. 10
ANSWERS
1. We usually lock our doors when we go to
bed.
2. Low interest rates tempt many
consumers to take on too much debt.
5. Prime minister’s speeches focus on
health-care issues.
7. Sometimes we go for long walks on the
weekend.
11. 11
ANSWERS
15. They rarely watch TV.
21. Where do you keep your money when
you go out?
23. My wife paints the furniture whenever
she has time.
12. 12
ANSWERS
27. Indian food has too much fat and salt for
foreigners.
30. Usually, I eat lunch in my office.
32. All too often, debates about global
warming totally ignore all the science
evidence.
13. 13
Events in Simple Present
1. Talk about Yourself (Daily Routine)
2. Choose a Family Member,
a Friend,
a Public Figure
a Favourite Actor
3. Cultural Norms
14. 14
Events in Simple Present
4. Classmate Interview
5. Prepare a Juice, a Curry or any Recipe
6. Week-end Party
15. 15
Do you come from Mumbai?
Do you live in Pune?
Do you like Pizza?
Do you know French?
Do you play the piano?
Do Rita and Angela live in Manchester?
‘Yes/No’ Questions
16. 16
Does Jack play football?
Does she like sport?
Does he speak English?
Does your dog live outside or in the house?
Does your sister always talk so much on the phone?
Does he work with you?
Does she have a car?
Does it snow in winter?
‘Yes/No’ Questions
17. 17
What does Angela do?
What work do you do?
Where does he come from?
Where do Angela and Rita live?
When does Rita usually get up?
Why does she always scream like that?
‘Wh’ Questions
18. 18
Who lives in London?
Who plays football at the weekend?
Who works at Liverpool City Hospital?
Which one should I wear?
Which hand do you write with?
How much rice do you have?
How many brothers do you have?
‘Wh’ Questions
19. 19
Songs in Simple Present
1. Cadbury’s Theme Song
2. Titanic Song
3. Look into my eyes
4. Your favourite song
20. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
structures
Statement : Sub + hv+v1(ing) + obj
Sachin is playing cricket.
Question : Hv+sub+v1(ing)+obj?
Is sachin playing cricket?
Negative S : Sub + hv + not + v1(ing) + obj
Sachin is not playing cricket.
20
21. USAGE
1. On going actions
1. I am teaching in the class
2. You are listening to the class
3. She is writing notes
21
23. 23
ANSWERS
3. Usually, I work as a secretary at ABT, but this
summer I am studying French at a language
school in Paris. That is why I am in Paris.
20. How can I come as it is still drizzling?
29. At the moment she is writing a letter to
a client.
26. 26
Am I making too much noise?
Are you listening to me?
Is he playing with the team?
Is She writing a letter?
Is it raining?
‘Yes/No’ Questions
27. 27
Are we eating spaghetti tonight ?
Are you getting ready to leave?
Are the children playing at the playground?
‘Yes/No’ Questions
28. 28
Where are you going?
Where is Ben staying?
How is Julia feeling?
Who is he helping?
Who is she talking on the phone?
Who are they travelling with?
Why are you crying?
What are they reading?
How is Sally singing?
How are they going to work?
‘Wh’ Questions
29. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Structures
Statement : Sub + hv + v3 + obj
Sachin has played cricket.
Question : Hv+Sub+v3+obj?
Has sachin played cricket?
Negative S: Sub + hv + not + v3 + obj
Sachin has not played cricket.
29
30. Present perfect t Simple past tense
(Sub + hv + v3+ obj) (Sub + v2+ obj) (sv2)
I have done my hw I did my hw yesterday
30
31. USAGE
not mentioned Present perfect tense
I have done my hw
1. TIME
mentioned simple past
I did my hw yesterday
Exam: I have done my homework yesterday
31
32. 2. Just completed actions
Advs just, already, now
I have just submitted my project.
She has already returned home.
imp2: Present perfect tense Simple past
32
35. 35
ANSWERS
4. She has just completed the letter then.
8. She has not written the letter till now.
24. Don’t worry since she has just had her
breakfast.
36. 36
Have I met you before?
Have you read ‘War and Peace’?
Has he met your family yet?
Has she missed the bus?
Have We heard the news?
Have you gone / been* to Australia?
Have they taken the exam?
‘Yes/No’ Questions
37. 37
What have you done today?
Where have you been?
How long has he worked here?
How long has she lived in London?
Which technology have you worked on before?
Where have you visited several times?
Why has she sent me this gift?
‘Wh’ Questions
38. SINCE --- point of time --- since 1947
since January
since Monday
since Aug 15
since morning
FOR --- period of time --- for 5 years
for 6 months
for 7 days
for 15 minutes
38
39. Present perfect continuous tense
structures
STATEMENT : Sub + hv + been + v1(ing) + obj
Sachin has been playing cricket ____ morning
She has been dancing ____ 2 hours
QUESTION : Hv + sub+ been + v1(ing)+obj?
Has Sachin been playing cricket since morning?
NEGATIVE S: Sub + hv + not + been + v1(ing) + obj
Sachin has not been playing cricket since morning
39
40. Usage
Pre perfect con t Present continuous t
I have been teaching for two hours. I am teaching in the class.
Exam: I am teaching for two hours
She is dancing since morning.
Imp3: Present per con t Present continuous tense
Since, for Since, For
Raman is confident of speaking English _____ six months as
he has been practicing regularly _____ the last three weeks.
(Gate 2020)
(A) during, for (B) within, for (C) for, in (D) for, since
40
43. 43
ANSWERS
9. For the last six months he has been
working on this problem.
12. How long has she been working in the
office?
33. I have been writing six letters since
morning.
44. 44
‘Yes/No’ Questions
Have you been waiting for a long time?
Has he been playing video games all day?
Has she been talking on the phone all night?
Has it been raining?
Have we been waiting for 2 hours?
Have you been studying for 3 hours?
Have they been fighting?
45. 45
‘Wh’ Questions
What have I been doing?
Where have you been running?
What has he been studying?
Why has she been working today?
How long has it been raining?
Which car has the driver been driving since
evening?
46. 46
‘Wh’ Questions
How long have we been watching this film?
What have you been buying since last Sunday?
How long have they been living here?
48. Pre t HVS Past t
Do, does Do forms Did
Am, are, is Be forms Was, were
Have, has Have forms Had
48
49. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Structures
Statement : Sub + v2 + obj (sv2)
India got independence in 1947
Question : HV+sub+v1+obj? (Did + v1)
Did India get independence in 1947?
Negative S: Sub + hv + not + v1 + obj
India did not get indep.. in 1946.
49
53. 53
ANSWERS
6. My brother returned from training two
months ago.
13. Manav broke a cup last evening.
16. We wrote the letter in the office last
evening.
17. Md. Gazani invaded India many
times.
54. 54
Did I forget something?
Did you eat breakfast this morning?
Did he call you yesterday afternoon?
Did she do a good job?
Did it snow last night?
Did we finish all the work last week?
Did you have a good weekend?
Did they change their minds?
‘Yes/No’ Questions
55. 55
What did I do last Tuesday?
When did you start your job?
What did he do last summer?
How did she get here?
Why did it rain on my birthday?
How much money did we spend yesterday?
What did you do at the weekend?
Where did they go last saturday?
‘Wh’ Questions
56. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
Statement : Sub + hv + mv(ing) + obj
I was teaching in the class
Question : HV + sub + mv(ing) + obj?
Was I teaching in the class?
Negative S: Sub + hv + not + mv(ing) + obj
I was not teaching in the class
56
57. PAST PERFECT TENSE
Statement : Sub + hv + v3 + obj
I had done my homework
Question : HV + sub+ v3 +obj?
Had I done my homework?
Negative S: Sub + hv + not + v3 + obj
I had not done my homework
57
58. USAGE
I action Past perfect tense
Two actions
II action Simple past
1. The patient had died before the doctor came.
(I action) (II action)
2. The thief had escaped before the police arrived.
(I action) (II action)
58
62. 62
ANSWERS
10. By the time she returned he had typed
all letters.
11. She rang me up after she had decided
to go.
14. They brought him home when he had
died.
63. 63
‘Yes/No’ Questions
Had I completed the class before the Principal came?
Had you thrown out the rubbish before you left?
Had he washed the dishes by the time dad came home?
Had she passed her exam by Monday?
Had it performed the operation before the doctor came?
Had we prepared the presentation by 5 o'clock?
Had you parked your car before the rain started?
Had they served the table before the guests came?
64. 64
‘Wh’ Questions
Which topic had I completed before I stared tenses?
What had you bought before you met her?
Whose pen had he taken before he left for school?
What had she baked before Anand returned home?
Who had seen the thief before the police came?
How many people had we met before we got to work?
Why had you left the house before I came?
Where had they been before they flew to Australia?
What had they seen before the heavy snow started?
65. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Statement : Sub + hv + been + v1(ing) + obj
I had been doing my homework
Question : HV + sub + been + v(ing) +obj?
Had I been doing my homework?
Negative S: Sub + hv + not + been + v1(ing) + obj
I had not been doing my homework
65
66. MODALS (2)
Pre t Past t
(v1) (v2)
Shall Should
Will Would
Can Could
May Might
ought to, need, dare, must, used to.
66
68. 1. I shall complete this assignment by
tomorrow. ( as a matter of fact)
2. I will complete this assignment by
tomorrow. ( shows determination and commitment)
68
69. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
STRUCTURES
Statement : Sub + s/w + v1 + obj
I shall go to Mumbai tomorrow.
Question : Shall + sub + v1 + obj?
Shall I go to Mumbai tomorrow?
Negative S: Sub + s/w + not + v1 + obj
I shall not go to Mumbai tomorrow
69
71. Future actions:
1. He will meet me tomorrow. (S/F)
(50% - 50%)
2. I am meeting my GF on Saturday. (pre cont)
(pre planned)
3. The minister opens the school on Monday.
(definite)
71
73. 73
Shall I bring your bag?
Will you go to his party next Friday?
Will he help us?
Will she come to work today?
Will it rain tomorrow?
Shall we wait for you?
Will you attend the meeting?
Will people live on the moon in the future?
Will robots replace teachers in the future?
‘Yes/No’ Questions
74. 74
‘Wh’ Questions
Who shall I meet tomorrow?
How many times will you read that email?
where will he go?
How much time will she spend with you?
How many biscuits will it eat?
What time shall we play tennis?
What will you eat for breakfast tomorrow?
When will the boxers fight again?
75. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
STRUCTURES
Statement : Sub + s/w + be + mv(ing) + obj
I shall be going to Mumbai tomorrow.
Question : s/w + Sub + + be + mv(ing) + obj?
Shall I be going to Mumbai tomorrow?
Negative S: Sub + s/w + not + be + mv(ing) + obj
I shall not be going to Mumbai tomorrow
75
76. USAGE
Present I am teaching
Continuous Past I was teaching
Future I shall be teaching
76
78. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
STRUCTURES
Statement : Sub + s/w + have + v3 + obj
I shall have gone to Mumbai by 7 o’ clock
Question : s/w + Sub + + have + v3 + obj
Shall I have gone to Mumbai by 7 o’ clock?
Negative S: Sub + s/w + not + have + v3 + obj
I shall not have gone to Mumbai by 7 o’ clock
78
79. USAGE
TYPE 1: (by)
1. I shall have reached3
Mumbai by 5 o’ clock2
tomorrow.1
2. I shall have married my sweetheart by the next year.
3. We will have written another book of English
Grammar by December 2021.
79
80. TYPE 2:
I action Future perfect tense
Two actions
II action Simple present
1. The match will have started1 before I reach the stadium.2
2. The exam will have started1 before he goes to the college.2
3. When she comes back2, I shall have built this house.1
80
83. 83
ANSWERS
25. By the time she comes he will have
completed the work.
26. She will have already returned home
when he arrives.
84. 84
ANSWERS
28. The committee will have revealed the
names of the candidates by 5o’clock
tomorrow.
31. By tomorrow afternoon the plane will
have taken off for Moscow.
85. 85
Will I have finished writing this book?
Will you have closed your account by 5 o’clock
today?
Will Ben have sailed across the Atlantic Ocean by
the end of this month?
Will Richard have realized his mistake by tonight?
Will he have got married by June?
Will she have cooked dinner by 9o’ clock?
Will it have reached Mars by 2023?
‘Yes/No’ Questions
86. 86
‘Yes/No’ Questions
Will we have met your boyfriend?
Will you have read the textbook by the end of
this month?
Will they have completed their evaluation by this
weekend?
87. 87
‘Wh’ Questions
When will I have finished writing this book?
Why will you have studied all the tenses by
tomorrow?
Why will he have got married before June?
Where will she have gone before she graduates?
Why will it have got colder by May?
88. 88
‘Wh’ Questions
How will we have met your boyfriend by tonight?
What will you have brought with you?
How will they have built the project?
89. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
STRUCTURES
Statement : Sub + s/w + have + been + v1()ing + obj
At 6 o’clock tomorrow morning, I shall have
been sleeping seven hours.
Question: s/w + Sub + have + been + v1(ing) + obj ?
Shall I have been sleeping ?
Negative S: Sub + s/w + not + have + been + v1(ing) + obj
I shall not have been sleeping.
89
90. If clause (condition)
If Clause Main Clause
1. If I play we shall win the match
2. If I played we would win the match
3. If I had played we would have won
the match
90
91. If Clause Main Clause
1. v1 s/w + v1
2. v2 would + v1 = (v2)
3. had+v3 would + have + v3
Note: No “s/w” forms are used in if clause.
91
95. REVISION
1. Verb with structures and tenses
2. (a) confusing pairs
(b) combinations (past and future)
(c) conditions
95
96. 1. Rajesh could have gone to the post office.
2. Rajesh should have gone to the post office.
3. Rajesh would have gone to the post office.
4. Rajesh might have gone to the post office.
5. Rajesh ought to have gone to the post office.
96
