Rubies, the July birthstone, are highly prized for their vivid red color and symbolize passion, love, and wealth. They are among the hardest gemstones, ranking 9 on the Mohs scale, and have rich cultural significance across history, including myths about their protective powers. Notable facts include the famous Sunrise Ruby, auctioned for $30 million, and their use in technology, such as in the creation of the first functional laser.