Every citizen should know their fundamental rights and duties which are provided in the Indian Constitution,until unless knowing them one can not do anything.

1. WELCOME TO WEBINAR
HELLO VIEWERS

2. 1.LEGAL AWARENESS
LEGAL AWARENESS AND WOMEN
ACHIEVEMENT IN THE PRESENT SCENARIO

3. WHY WE NEED CONSTITUTION
 In the 17th century The British came to India for trading.
 British India-11 provinces
 Princely states ruled by Indian princes (subsidiary alliance system)
 Both merged to form Indian union.
 We needed a rule book called Constitution

4. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
 There are six fundamental rights recognized by the Indian constitution:[2]
 Right to equality (Articles. 14-18)
 Right to Freedom (Articles. 19-22)
 Right Against Exploitation (Articles. 23-24)
 Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles. 25-28)
 Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles. 29-30), and
 Right to Constitutional remedies (Articles. 32)

5. அடிப்படை உரிடைகள்.
 ஆறு அடிப்படை உரிடைகளாவன[1]
 சை உரிடை
 சுதந்திர உரிடை
 சுரண்ைடை எதிர்க்கும் உரிடை
 சைய சார்பு உரிடை
 கைாச்சாரம் ைற்றும் கல்வி கற்கும் உரிடை
 அரசியல் அடைப்டப சீர்டைப்படுத்தும் உரிடை

6. COURTS
 Supreme Court
 High Courts
 Subordinate Courts - Civil & Criminal
 Executive / Revenue Court/Metropolitan
 There are three types of Courts in India—
 Supreme Court, High Courts, and Subordinate Courts.
 Which of the Indian States do not have their own High Courts?
 Goa, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Nagaland do not have their own High
Courts.
 But normally the high courts are involved in the appeals raised in the cases of
lower courts with the writ petitions as conferred in Article 226 of the
Constitution of India. The area of writ petitions is also the sole jurisdiction of
high courts.

7. Women Rights
 What is the importance of women's rights in India?
This is a very important provision which provides equal legal protection to
women against any women based crime. This provision also paves way for
the introduction of various laws and acts to ensure protection and
enforcement of legal rights of women in India.
 What are the provisions made in favor of Indian women?
Please find below some of the provisions made in favour of Indian
women, in constitution of India: Article 14:- Article 14 of constitution of
India ensures equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws
within the territory of India.

8. National Commission For Women
 Why is the National Commission for Women Act important in India?
The NCW represents the rights of women in India and provides a voice
for their issues and concerns. The National Commission for Women Act aims
to improve the status of women and worked for their economic
empowerment. This Act prevents discrimination in terms of remuneration.
It provides for payment of equal recompense to men and women workers.

9. Constitutional provisions
 The Constitution of India guarantees the right to equality to women. It
embodies the general principles of equality before law and prohibits
unreasonable discrimination between persons. Article 14 embodies the idea of
equality expressed in preamble .Thus, in Air India v. Nargesh Meerza the
Supreme Court struck down the offending regulations of Air India and Indian
Airlines that provided than an airhostess would retire on attaining the age of
35 years, or on the first pregnancy, whichever was earlier.
 While article 15(1) prohibits the state from discriminating on the basis of
religion, race, case, sex, or place of birth, art 15(3) allows the state to make
special provisions for women and children. . Art 15 merely elaborates that
same concept and acknowledges that women need special treatment for their
up liftme

10. Constitutional provisions
 Article 16 provides equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating
to employment or appointment to any office under the State. In C. B.
Muthamma v. Union of India the Supreme Court held that a provision of the
service rules requiring a female employee to obtain permission from the
government in writing before getting married and denying her the right to
be promoted on the ground of her being married was discriminatory.
 Art 39 (a) Urges the state to provide equal right to adequate means of
livelihood to men and women.
 Art .39 (d) Equal pay for equal work for both men and women.
In the case of Randhir Singh v. Union of India AIR 1982, SC held that equal
pay for equal work is a constitutional goal and is capable of being enforced.

11. Constitutional provisions
 In pursuance of Art.42 of the Constitution, the Maternity Benefit Act has
been passed in 1961.Art.44 enjoins the state to secure for the citizens a
uniform civil code throughout the territory of India.
 51 A (e) says that it is the duty of the citizens to renounce practices that are
derogatory to the dignity of women.
 Besides these constitutional provisions, there are several laws meant for the
protection and benefit of women.

12. DOWRY PROHIBITION ACT 1961
 Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961
According to this act, taking or giving of dowry at the time of the
marriage to the bride or the bridegroom and their family is to be penalised.
Dowry system, giving and taking of dowry, is a norm in India. Dowry is often
asked of the bride and her family by the groom and his family. The system
has taken strong roots because women after marriage move in with their
spouse and in-laws. Also, over the centuries, the lack for economic
independence of women and the taboo towards divorce has resulted in
bride burning. When demands for dowry even after marriage are not met
by the girl’s families, many women are tortured, beaten and even burnt.

13. DIVORCE ACT 1969
 Indian Divorce Act, 1969
 The Indian Divorce Act allows the dissolution of marriage, mutual consent,
nullity of marriage, judicial separation and restitution of conjugal rights.
 Family Courts are established to file, hear, and dispose of such cases.

14. Equal Remuneration Act, 1976
 Equal Remuneration Act, 1976
 This Act prevents discrimination in terms of remuneration. It provides for
payment of equal recompense to men and women workers.
 It is necessary to know these and other laws in place to protect the interests
of women. Only if you are aware of your rights can you fight against any
injustice meted out to you at home, at the workplace, or in the society.

15. Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention,
Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013
 To ensure women’s safety at workplace, this Act seeks to protect them from
sexual harassment at their place of work. Thirty-six percent of Indian
companies and 25 percent among MNC’s are not complaint with the Sexual
Harassment Act according to a FICCI-EY November 2015 report.
 Sexual harassment at workplace also includes – the use of language with
sexual overtones, invasion of private space with a male colleague hovering
too close for comfort, subtle touches and innuendoes.

16. Indecent Representation of Women(Prevention)
Act,1986
 This Act prohibits indecent representation of women through advertisement
or in publications, writings, paintings, figures or in any other manner.

17. Special Marriage Act, 1954
 The objectives of this act is to provide – a special form of marriage in certain
cases, provide for registration of certain marriages and, to provide for
divorce. In a country like India and with the diverse religions and cast, when
people from different faiths and caste chose to get married they do it under
the Special Marriage Act.
 It is not applicable to the state of Jammu and Kashmir and also extends to
intending spouses who are Indian nationals and living abroad.

18. THANK YOU