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Database Terminology in 15 minutes or your money back!

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Sean Collins@sc68calhttps://github.com/sc68cal

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Currently Works With....9AM - 5PM (SQL) Oracle 11gR25-???? (NoSQL) Redis SimpleDB

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ConceptsACIDCAPAll of these terms describe thepromises that a database system willabide by.A contract for your data

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ACIDAtomicityConsistencyIsolationDurability

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AtomicityAll operations will occur, or nonewill occurSimple example: INSERT INTO Names (firstname,lastname) VALUES (Sean, Collins)

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ConsistencyAll operations will leave thedatabase in a known good state Keys, Constraints, triggers, etc..Cannot have operations that violatethe rules for your data Customer doesn’t exist Primary key that already exists

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IsolationOperations cannot interfere with one-anotherHandle multiple, concurrentoperations (One write, many reads) ina defined manner.

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DurabilityCompleted operations are bullet-proof Yank out the power cable Crash the database server processWhen the database server comes backup - database is in a consistentstate - with your data intact.

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CAPCAP Theorem - Eric Brewer(Conjecture)Seth Gilbert and Nancy Lynch(Theorem) Consistency Availability Partition Tolerance

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ConsistencyAll nodes in a distributed system seethe same data - at that exact moment Simple example: Update item B on node #1, query node #2 about B - get back the updated data

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AvailabilitySystem will process requests, despitefailures in individual nodes Not a guarantee that the operation will succeedJust a guarantee that you will get aresponse back No guarantee is made for WHEN you will get a response back

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Partition ToleranceSystem will continue to operate, evenwhen arbitrarily many messagesbetween nodes are lost

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PICK TWOCAP Theorem asserts that of the threeproperties, a system can only havetwo.

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Data TypesRelational Database Tables Columns Rows

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Common NoSQL DatatypesKey/ValueColumn StoreDocumentetc....

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ACID vs. BASESomeone clever... har har“Basic Availability”“Soft State”“Eventually Consistent”Much prefer CAP theorem - exposes thetradeoffs that you have to choosebetween