The document provides information about the history of tobacco use and efforts to reduce smoking. It summarizes that the invention of the cigarette rolling machine in the 1880s lowered costs and increased availability, making cigarettes more popular [1]. WWI and WWII further increased smoking rates by providing cigarettes to troops [2]. Recent efforts to reduce smoking have included legislation banning smoking in various public places, increasing cigarette taxes, public education campaigns, and programs to help people quit smoking [3].

1. 1

2. History of tobacco
 1880‟s cigarette rolling machine invented
which cut cigarette manufacturing costs in
half
 The easy availability of cheap, packaged
cigarettes and safety matches made it
easier and more attractive to smoke.
 WWI & WWII cigarettes distributed to
troops for comfort with most men coming
home from the war regular smokers
2

3. History of tobacco
Click above to watch clip
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4. Tobacco use & health:
the facts
 Largest single cause of preventable death and
disease in Australia
 Responsible for almost 90% drug related
deaths per year
 50% of smokers who smoke for a long time
will die prematurely from tobacco related
diseases
4

5. What drug results in the
most deaths?
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6. 1 jumbo jet crashing every week
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7. What’s in a cigarette?
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8. 8

9. Benefits of Quitting...
Benefit of Quitting on the body
20 minutes Blood pressure drops to normal
Pulse rate drops to normal
Temperature of hands and feet increase to normal
8 hours Carbon monoxide level in blood returns to normal
Oxygen level in blood returns to normal
24 hours The immediate risk of heart attack starts to fall
48 hours Nerve endings start to regrow
Ability to taste and smell enhanced
14 days Circulation improves
Lung function increases up to 30%
3 months Lung function improves
Cough disappears
5 years Risk of lung cancer decreases by half
Stroke risk same as non smoker
Risk of mouth, throat and oesophagus cancer half that of a smoker
10 years Lung cancer death rate same as non smoker
Pre-cancerous cells replaced
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10. How much
do you think
it costs to
smoke?
10

11. Predicted Costs of Smoking
Cigarettes/ Annual
Cigarettes/Day Weekly Cost* Cigarettes/Year
Week Cost*
10 70 $56.00 3640 $2910.00
15 105 $84.00 5460 $4368.00
20 140 $112.00 7280 $5824.00
25 175 $140.00 9100 $7280.00
30 210 $168.00 10920 $8736.00
35 245 $196.00 12740 $10192..00
40 280 $224.00 14560 $11648.00
45 315 $252.00 16380 $ 13104.00
50 350 $280.00 18200 $14560.00
* Price of a packet of cigarettes is $20 for a pack
of 25
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12. Why do people
start smoking?
12

13. Uptake of smoking
 Family members who smoke
 Peer pressure, Rebellion and media
 Role models
 Availability/Legal drug
 Benefits
13

14. Why young people smoke?
Physical influence-Smoking
Physical dependence to nicotine
Behavioural links - habit
Psychological & emotional dependence - Feelings and emotions
Individual influences Environmental influences
beliefs about smoking parents & siblings
self-esteem peers
rebellion media
curiosity availability
smoke-free or smoking areas
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15. Females & Males –
Motivations and concerns
 Females –
-difficulty, negative emotion and weight control concerns
-concerns about negative effects on their external appearance
 Males –
-smoke for stimulation and in pleasure situations
-fitness and sporting ability concerns
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16. Why people keep smoking –The 3 aspects
Addiction/Dependence
 Nicotine is the drug that causes the dependence
Behaviour
 Emotions, Pleasure, and Social pressure
Habit
 Social factors and Daily activities
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17. Nicotine Levels in a Smoker
50
40
Plasma
nicotine 30
ng/ml
20
10
0
Time (hours) 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
Cigarette smoked
ource: MAH Russell et al, BMJ, 1, pp. 1043-46, 1976. 17

18. How many people smoke
in Australia?
Less than 20%
of people in Australia over the age of 14
smoke every day
18

19. 19

20. Prevalence of smoking among 12 - 15 and
16 - 17 year olds* in Australia (1984 – 2008)
35
30 29 30 30
30 28 26
25 23
20
% 20
16 17 17
17
12-15 years
15 15
15 16-17 years
11 13
10
7
5 5
0
Year
20

21. 12-17 year olds
Smoked in the past year
(2008)
30 28.1
25
21.9
21.1 21.1
20 18.6
% 15.6
13.6 Males
15
Females
9.6
10
6.5
4.6
5 3.6 3.1
0
12 13 14 15 16 17
Age
21

22. Smoking Trends
Stats by age group differences
22

23. ...new smokers are under the age of 18
23

24. The tobacco industry needs
young people!
 “The ability to attract new smokers and develop them into a young
adult franchise is key to brand development.”
-Philip Morris, Five-Year Trends 1988-1992
 “It is important to know as much as possible about teenage smoking
patterns and attitudes. Today‟s teenager is tomorrow‟s potential
regular customer…”
-Philip Morris, Market Research Report
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25. The tobacco industry
targeting young people
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26. 26

27. Product placement in the movies
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28. 28

29. 29

30. Some things have changed!
 Clipsal 500 „2009‟
 Legislation changes have made temporary cigarette
stalls less inviting to young people.
30

31. Legislation update
The Government amended existing regulations to ban smoking:
-under covered public transport and taxi waiting areas
-within 10 metres of playgrounds and
-Allow councils and other bodies to apply to have their outdoor area or event
declared smoke-free
Cigarettes are no longer displayed in shops and service stations
Ambition is for 100 percent smoke-free outdoor eating and drinking in SA to be
achieved by 2016
Tobacco Control in SA site: www.tobaccolaws.sa.gov.au
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32. How can we reduce the number of
people who smoke?
 Helping people quit and Media
 Smoke-free places and Laws
 Selling to young people
 Taxation and pricing
 Research and evaluation
 Prevention
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33. Strategies required
 Mass media campaigns
 Quitting programs
 Smoke-free places
 Legislation
 Increase price of
cigarettes
 Prevention programs
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34. 34

35.  Encourages primary and secondary students to watch, critique and
discuss 12 anti-tobacco commercials
 Students vote on which commercial would prevent them from taking up
smoking or encourage them to quit
 Runs during Term 2 and 3 of every year
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36. Tobacco the Truth
is Out There
Prevention activities for middle school students:
 Who smokes? Why people choose to smoke, How to say no!
 Long and short term effects of smoking
 Passive smoking
 Global perspective, Laws, policies and rules about
smoking, The politics of tobacco, Quitting
(Download from www.OxyGen.org.au)
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37. ‘Smoke-free education and
child care’ guidelines
For use in schools and early childhood centers:
 Using a health promoting school approach
 Endorsed by the three education sectors
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38. DECD Whole School
Drug Strategy
www.decd.sa.gov.au/drugstrategy
Intervention Matters
Keeping in touch
Teacher support packages for drug
education R-12
Teacher support packages for
students with disabilities
*Download from the website*
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39. Harm Reduction
 Issue of young people smoking as primarily a health and safety
issue
 Particular focus on the prevention of smoking behaviour in young
people
 Harm reduction approach
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40. The Harm Reduction Approach
The Harm Reduction approach
 For young people who smoke experimentally or occasionally:
- quit, reduce or prevent progression to smoking more
 For young people who smoke regularly:
- quit, cut down or not smoke at school
 Support others to quit or cut down
 Actions that have the lowest levels of harm are to not smoke, to
quit and to avoid environmental tobacco smoke
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41. The Harm reduction approach.....
Recognises:
 Cigarette smoking has a number of perceived benefits for young
people
 There is a continuum of consequences from smoking
Achieved by:
 Promoting quitting, cutting down or managing smoking
at school or work
 Promoting parent/carer – child communication
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42. Addressing youth smoking
 Requires you to not make judgments about their smoking
 Important to focus on what young people do rather than
who they are („young people who smoke‟ not „smokers‟)
 Use professional judgment to choose most appropriate
intervention strategy for each situation
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43. WHAT IF… A young person asks
you about your tobacco use?
 If a young person asks you whether you use tobacco or
have used tobacco in the past, be honest
 If you have never been a tobacco user…
 If you have been a tobacco user…
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44. Suggested comments
 “I wish I had the opportunity to talk about smoking like this
when I was young”
 “I wish I had stopped smoking when I was young”
 “Quitting is easier the sooner the person who smokes tries to do
it (i.e., the earlier the better)”
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45. 45

46. QUITLINE
 Telephone service – Ph 137 848 or
13QUIT
 Ongoing counselling and support
 Cost of a local call
 Confidential
 Counsellors available from
8:30am – 7.30pm weekdays
2 - 5pm Saturdays
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47. Ways to help young people Quit
Attend a Quitskills training course. Information about the course can
be found at : http://www.quitsa.org.au/aspx/register_for_training.aspx
Get your student to visit www.kickit.org.au
Refer them to the Quitline on 137 848
http://www.quitsa.org.au/aspx/quitline_referral.aspx
Help them register for Quit onQ –Free text messaging support service
http://quitonq.quitsa.org.au
Visit www.quitsa.org.au
Find us on Facebook
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48. Ways to help
Parents/Guardians Quit
Research confirms that children whose parents smoke are more likely
to pick up the habit themselves
Refer them to the Quitline on 137 848
http://www.quitsa.org.au/aspx/quitline_referral.aspx
Help them register for Quit onQ –Free text messaging support service
http://quitonq.quitsa.org.au
Visit www.quitsa.org.au
Nicotine Replacement Therapy-Cheaper patches with a script from a GP
http://www.quit.org.au/media/article.aspx?ContentID=31_jan_201101
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49. Contact details
Sally Martin
Education, Training and Web Project Officer
Ph: 08 8291 4143
Email: smartin@quitsa.org.au
Web: www.OxyGen.org.au
www.quitsa.org.au
www.kickit.org.au
https://www.facebook.com/#!/quitsa
https://twitter.com/#!/QuitSA1
www.youtube.com/quitsouthaustralia
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