Basic Science applied to medicine

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33. GRADING OF NYSTAGMUS:
●GRADE I: Nystagmus evident in the direction of the fast
phase
●GRADE II: GI + Nystagmus evident in the primary position
●GRADE III: Nystagmus evident in all positions of the eyes.

34. ●Position receptors in the facets of cervical spine
●Cervical proprioceptive dysfunction- vertigo triggered
by neck movement, hyperextention.
●D.D. –migraine
●Diagnosis of exclusion
●Management-neck movement exercises
What is cervical vertigo?

35. What is the procedure for carotid
sinus massage, and its
contraindications?

36. ●Site
carotid arterial pulse just below thyroid cartilage
●Method
Right followed by left, pause between
Massage, NOT occlusion
with continous BP and ECG monitoring
Duration 5-10 sec
Posture – supine and errect

37. Carotid Sinus Massage
●Outcome
3 sec assystole and/or 50mmHg fall in systolic blood
pressure with reproduction of symptoms
●Contraindications
Carotid bruit, known significant carotid arterial
disease, previous CVA, MI last 3 months

38. What is valsalva ratio?

39. ●Is defined as
maximum phase 2 tachycardia
Minimum phase 4 Bradycardia
The ratio reflects the integrity of the entire baroreceptor
reflex arc and of sympathetic efferents to blood vessels