Consists of liver, biliary tree, gall bladder
Liver is the largest gland in the body
Multiple functions
Disease of the liver and biliary tree influences drug actions
Every anesthetic drugs are metabolized by the liver
So liver is very much important for anesthetists
2. INTRODUCTION
Consists of liver, biliary tree, gall bladder
Liver is the largest gland in the body
Multiple functions
Disease of the liver and biliary tree influences drug
actions
Every anesthetic drugs are metabolized by the liver
So liver is very much important for anesthetists
4. LIVER
Weight about 1500 gm
Blood supply about 1500ml/min
Occupies right hypochondrium and epigastrium
It has two surfaces- diaphragmatic and visceral
Diaphragmatic divided into anterior, superior and
posterior
6. PORTA HEPATIS
Hilum of the liver
Vessels and ducts enter and leave the porta hepatis
Right and left branches of hepatic artery
Right and left hepatic duct
Portal vein, lymphatic and nerves
7. LIVER
Gall bladder lies on the visceral surface
Bare area is devoid of peritonium and contact with
diaphragm and supra renal gland
Visceral surface related to stomach,duodenum,
hepatic flexure and right kidney
Liver is suspended by hepatic vein and inferior
vena cava
8. SURFACE ANATOMY
Upper margin xipesternal joint
Left fifth inter costal space 7-8 cm from mid line
Right side to the fifth rib, 7-11 ribs mid axillary line
Lower border lies at the level of the right costal
margin
9. LOBES
Larger right lobe
Smaller left lobe
Line of attachment –falciform ligament anteriorly,
ligamentum teres, ligamentum venosum on the
visceral surface
Caudate lobe
Quadrate lobe
Lobes are not arranged according to vascular and
biliary channels
10. FUNCTIONAL DIVISION
Functional division of liver are right and left halves
Oblique line from gallbladder bed and groove for
IVC
Middle hepatic vein lies in this plane
Useful landmark for radiological and
ultrasonographic investigations
11. SEGMENTS
On the basis of blood supply and biliary drainage
there are four main hepatic segment
Left lateral and medial, right lateral and medial.
Caudate lobe is autonomous segment
Blood receives from hepatic artery and portal vein
drains into the IVC
Draining bile into heptatic duct
12. BLOOD SUPPLY OF LIVER
From two sources – arterial from hepatic artery ,
venous from portal vein
Hepatic artery arises from coeliac truk
Hepatic artery may arise from supp. mesentric
artery or on aorta
Right hepatic artery from supp.mesentric artery and
left hepatic artery from left gastric artery
13. LYMP DRAINAGE
3-4 nodes lie in the porta hepatis
Receives lymp of gall bladder
Drain downwards to pyloric node and coeliac node
Bare area lymphatics communicate with extra
peritoneal lymphatic drain to the nodes of posterior
mediastinum.
14. NERVE SUPPLY
Both sympathetic and parasympathetic.
Sympathetic through coeliac ganglia
Vagal branch from hepatic branch of ant. Vagal
trunk
Reach through porta hepatis.
16. STRUCTURE
The hepatic lobule pinhead sized and hexagonal
shape.
Central vein and plates of cords of hepatocytes
separated by vascular space or sinosoids.
Corner of the lobule are the portal triad.
Small branch of hepatic artery portal vein and bile
ductule.
18. PORTAL VENOUS SYSTEM
Portal Vein is the upward continuation of superior
mesentric vein
Join with the splenic vein
Portal vein receives right and left gastric vein,
superior pancreatoduodenal vein and cystic vein 10
cm long no valves
19. FIVE SIDES OF PORTAL ANASTOMOSIS
Lower end esophagus
Upper end of anal canal
Bare area of liver
Periumblical region
Retroperitoneal area
In portal hypertension 80% of portal blood may be
Shunted, 20% reaches to the liver.