Wealth Of Networks Info Intellectual P

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This document summarizes and compares the perspectives of Kenneth Himma and Yochai Benkler on information and intellectual property protection. Himma evaluates claims that information should be free, arguing that they fail to justify limiting intellectual property protections. Benkler sees these claims as valid in the context of the digital networked information economy, where new technologies empower decentralized production and sharing of information. While taking different approaches, their views provide complementary considerations on this complex issue.

Wealth of Networks Info / Intellectual Property Protection Himma vs Benkler

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Directions: Please answer three of the four following essay questions using reading materials. Question #1: Monbiot (Guard Dogs of Perception) claims that the scientific freedom is a guarantor of our wider liberties. A) Explain how this claim is true or not. B) Explain why this claim is a benefit to a society, or a false hope. Question #2: Does information justice truly exist? Create an argument for information justice, or against the claim of information justice. Question #3: Explain what may be described as an "information oligarchy." Is this beneficial to a society - why or why not? Question #4: Can you claim a "right"? A) To privacy. If yes, explain your reasons for such a claim. If not, explain why you can't claim a "right" to privacy. B) Do you have an obligation to protect your neighbor's right to privacy. Explain your position. O R I G I N A L P A P E R At the foundations of information justice Matthew P. Butcher Published online: 10 February 2009 � Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009 Abstract Is there such a thing as information justice? In this paper, I argue that the current state of the information economy, particularly as it regards information and computing technology (ICT), is unjust, conferring power disproportionately on the information-wealthy at great expense to the information-poor. As ICT becomes the pri- mary method for accessing and manipulating information, it ought to be treated as a foundational layer of the information economy. I argue that by maximizing the liberties (freedom to use, freedom to distribute, freedom to modify, and so on) associated with certain computer software, an incentives- rich and stable environment can be established in ICT that will foster development of the information economy among the information poor. I suggest that the now-mature Free and Open Source Software paradigm, which has already pro- duced widely-used enterprise-class applications, can be harnessed in support of these ends. Keywords Information and computer technology � Information justice � Information economy � Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) In 2004, the Business Software Association (BSA) and Microsoft Corporation contacted the government of Indo- nesia, claiming that the country owed licensing fees for Microsoft software running on 500,000 computers. The cost of purchasing licenses to run a single basic functional computer workstation powered by Microsoft software is $524.98 USD, which works out to a whopping 47.73% of the per capita GDP of Indonesia. 1 But escaping such an expense by simply avoiding the use of an operating system is unfeasible. The operating system is the base-level program that bridges the computer’s hardware with all of the standard programs. A computer without an operating system is a worthless piece of equipment, incapable of performing any significant computing tasks. 2 Recent research suggests that the Indonesia case is not a rarity. 3 In .

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ORIGINAL PAPER At the foundations of information justice Matthew P. Butcher Published online: 10 February 2009 � Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009 Abstract Is there such a thing as information justice? In this paper, I argue that the current state of the information economy, particularly as it regards information and computing technology (ICT), is unjust, conferring power disproportionately on the information-wealthy at great expense to the information-poor. As ICT becomes the pri- mary method for accessing and manipulating information, it ought to be treated as a foundational layer of the information economy. I argue that by maximizing the liberties (freedom to use, freedom to distribute, freedom to modify, and so on) associated with certain computer software, an incentives- rich and stable environment can be established in ICT that will foster development of the information economy among the information poor. I suggest that the now-mature Free and Open Source Software paradigm, which has already pro- duced widely-used enterprise-class applications, can be harnessed in support of these ends. Keywords Information and computer technology � Information justice � Information economy � Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) In 2004, the Business Software Association (BSA) and Microsoft Corporation contacted the government of Indo- nesia, claiming that the country owed licensing fees for Microsoft software running on 500,000 computers. The cost of purchasing licenses to run a single basic functional computer workstation powered by Microsoft software is $524.98 USD, which works out to a whopping 47.73% of the per capita GDP of Indonesia.1 But escaping such an expense by simply avoiding the use of an operating system is unfeasible. The operating system is the base-level program that bridges the computer’s hardware with all of the standard programs. A computer without an operating system is a worthless piece of equipment, incapable of performing any significant computing tasks.2 Recent research suggests that the Indonesia case is not a rarity.3 In his article ‘‘License Fees and GDP Per Capita,’’ Rishab Ghosh calculated the cost of license fees for Windows XP based on the per capita GDP. The results were stunning: In 47 of 176 sampled countries, the cost of running Microsoft Windows plus Microsoft Office was greater than the per capita GDP of the country.4 In Vietnam, the software cost M. P. Butcher (&) Department of Philosophy, Loyola University Chicago, Crown Center, Suite 300, 6525 N. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60626, USA e-mail: [email protected] 1 The $524.98 price tag is based on the Amazon.com price (as of Nov. 2006) for Windows XP Home Edition ($194.99) and Microsoft Office 2003 Standard Edition (329.99). Retail price for these is much higher. In 2004, these were the lowest end of Microsoft’s operating system and office packs. According the the CIA Fact Book, the GDP of Indonesia is.

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Caroline Cabral USEM 102 Professor Schacht December 10, 2015 1 Working Claim: Although weak privacy on the Internet is in the interest of technology companies, it is detrimental to the user both financially and personally. Now go back up to your claim and highlight the fact in yellow and the opinion in blue. Read through the outline, then replace the orange text with your answers (in black, please). Terms and Concepts:(Minimum 4) 1. Globalization is a global phenomenon that seeks to promote the integration of a range of financial, commercial, economic, political and other spheres. 2. 3. Encryption is the process of converting information or data into code, especially to prevent unauthorized access. 4. Privacy is a personal right to keep personal information matters and relationships secret. 5. Computer programming is the process of designing and building an executable computer program for accomplishing a specific computing task. Jargon: (depends on area of research) 1. Cybersecurity is the practice of defending computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic systems, networks, and data from malicious attacks. 2. A data governance policy is a documented set of guidelines for ensuring the proper management of an organization digital information. 3. A security hacker is someone who seeks to breach defenses and exploit weaknesses in a computer system or network. 4. IOT is the Internet of things that refer to the concept of extending Internet connectivity beyond conventional computing platforms such as personal computers and mobile devices, and into any range of traditionally or non-internet-enabled physical devices and everyday objects. Argumentative Researched-Essay Outline I.Introductory Paragraph A.Hook: Technology has provided us with more communication access to knowledge at our fingertips. Technology has overall made life more comfortable, but it has made things a lot less private. B.Transition: That results in us having to be extra careful when using the internet. C.Lead: In the last few years, a lot of privacy issues shown on the news like a Facebook issue, and WannaCry ransomware attack. D.Claim: : Although weak privacy on the Internet is in the interest of technology companies, it is detrimental to the user both financially and personally E.Consider the audience: Internet security is essential to protect privacy, protect data from viruses that could destroy a piece of technology. II.Background: At this time, the Internet has become a tremendous electronic gateway that provides instant access to global news and information. The world is becoming digitized, interconnected, and functional. The databases, documents, files, and programs that are on Internet computers contain a tremendous amount of data. Once the search for something, the result becomes on the hand. However, there is no reason why those conveniences have to come at the cost of giving up privacy inevitably. There are several potential risks associated .

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