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LECCIÓN 1
Vocabulario Basico, De La Clase
chair la silla                                                        notebook el cuaderno
clock, watch el reloj                                                 street la calle
pecil el lápiz                                                        library la biblioteca
pen el bolígrafo, la pluma                                            door la puerta
book el libro                                                         student    el or la estudiante
desk el escritorio                                                    boy el chico or el muchacho
light la luz                                                          girl la chica or la muchacha
window la ventana                                                     teacher el profesor or la profesora
paper el papel
LOS COLORES
red rojo                                                              black negro
blue azul                                                             white blanco
green verde                                                           grey gris
yellow amarillo                                                       brown marrón
orange anaranjado                                                     purple morado
DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES
short= BAJO                                                     tall = ALTO
slender = DELGADO                                               fat = GORDO
nice = SIMPÁTICO                                                not nice = ANTIPÁTICO
good-looking, handsome = GUAPO                                  ugly= FEO
pretty = BONITO(A)
difficult=DIFÍCIL                                            easy = FÁCIL
big = GRANDE                                                 small= PEQUEÑO
young= JOVEN                                                 old= VIEJO
intelligent= INTELIGENTE                                     dumb= TONTO
rich= RICO                                                  perfect= PERFECTO
                                                            interesting= INTERESANTE
ARTICLES
EL, LA, LOS, LAS = THE
UN, UNA = A, AN
UNOS, UNAS = SOME, A FEW
SUBJECT PRONOUNS
YO I                                                                  UD. You, formal
TÚ You, familiar                                                      NOSOTROS, NOSOTRAS We
ÉL He                                                                 ELLOS, ELLAS They
ELLA She                                                              UDS. You, plural; (You guys, you all)
SER = TO BE (soy, eres, es, somos, son = I am, you are, he/she/it is, we are, they are)
EXPRESSIONS OF COURTESY
mucho gusto nice to meet you                                        de nada you’re welcome
por favor    please                                                 perdón excuse me
gracias thank-you                                                   lo siento I’m sorry
muchas gracias thank-you very much!
GREETINGS, GOODBYES, COMMON QUESTIONS & RESPONSES
Hola ¿Qué tal? Hi, how’s it going?
Buenos días (good morning)      Buenas tardes (good afternoon)      Buenas noches (good evening or good night)
Adiós Hasta luego Hasta la vista Nos vemos (good-bye, see you later)
¿Cómo te llamas? Me llamo….       (What’s your name? My name is….)
¿De dónde eres? Soy de ….. (Where are you from? I’m from ….)
¿Cómo estás? ¿Cómo está Ud.?      (How are you? spoken to a familiar person and a formal person)
Bien, ¿y tu?   (Fine, and you?)     Muy bien (very fine, very well)
sí yes ¿Cómo? = How?
HAY = THERE IS or THERE ARE
    1.   uno                                      7.    siete                                     13. trece
    2.   dos                                      8.    ocho                                      14. catorce
    3.   tres                                     9.    nueve                                     15. quince
    4.   cuatro                                   10.   diez                                      16. diez y seis
    5.   cinco                                    11.   once                                      20. VEINTE
    6.   seis                                     12.   doce

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
                                                 NUESTRO…., NUESTROS….
MI…, MIS….           (MY.......)
                                                 NUESTRA…., NUESTRAS….                  (OUR......)

TU…., TUS….         (YOUR……..)
SU…., SUS….          (HIS…., HER……, YOUR……)       SU…., SUS…..              (THEIR ……., YOUR……..)

 LECCIÓN 2
a = at (only with telling time); to                                    pero = but
de = of (also: from)                                                   hoy = today
en = in, on and at (with location)                                     también = also, too
con = with                                                             mañana = tomorrow

la mañana = morning por la mañana = in (during) the morning …..de la mañana =A.M.
la tarde = afternoon por la tarde = in (during) the afternoon .….de la tarde = P.M.
la noche = night     por la noche = at (during the) night     ……de la noche = P.M.
la playa = beach                                                       ¿Por qué? = Why?
el dinero = money                                                      ¿Qué? = What?
la vida = life                                                         ¿Cuántos(as)? = How many?
hay = there is, there are                                              porque = because
el (la) amigo(a) = friend                                              que that
*entonces = then *pues = then
*solamente = only *sólo = only
¿verdad? = right?, true?                                               bueno(a) = good
aburrido(a) boring                                                     nuevo(a) new
todos(as) = all
puertorriqueño(a) = Puerto Rican cubanoamericano(a) = Cuban-American mexicano(a) = Mexican
ya es tarde = it’s already late
Aquí está… = Here it is…

REGULAR –AR VERBS
conversar = to talk, converse                                          necesitar = to need
desear = to wish, want                                                 terminar = to end, to finish, to be through
estudiar = to study                                                    trabajar = to work
hablar = to speak, to talk
tomar = to take (a class); to have something to eat or drink
ORDERING BEVERAGES
Deseo jugo de manzana. =I would like apple juice.
jugo de naranja.= orange juice.
jugo de tomate. = tomato juice.
jugo de toronja. = grapefruit juice.
jugo de uvas. =     grape juice.
Deseo un vaso de agua con hielo. =I would like a glass of ice water.
un vaso de leche. = a glass of milk.
un vaso de té frío. = a glass of iced tea.
un vaso de té helado. = a glass of iced tea.
Deseo una taza de café. = I would like a cup of coffee. una taza de café con leche. = a cup of coffee with milk.
una taza de chocolate caliente. = a cup of hot chocolate. una taza de té. = a cup of tea.
LOS DÍAS DE LA SEMANA (the days of the week)
el lunes =Monday                        el jueves = Thursday                                 el domingo = Sunday
el martes = Tuesday                     el viernes Friday
el miércoles Wednesday                  el sábado = Saturday
LOS MESES DEL AÑO (months of the year)
enero = january                        mayo                                                  septiembre
febrero                                junio                                                 octubre
marzo                                  julio                                                 noviembre
abril                                  agosto                                                diciembre

LAS ESTACIONES (the seasons)
la primavera = Spring                                                  el otoño = Autumn, fall
el verano = Summer                                                     el invierno = Winter

LA FECHA (the date)
         el + ________________________________ + de + ___________________________________.
         THE + (REGULAR NUMBERS, EXCEPT FOR UNO, USE EL PRIMERO)  + OF +         (THE MONTH IN SPANISH)

         el primero = the first …… de octubre, el dos de octubre, el treinta y uno de octubre

¿QUÉ HORA ES? = What time is it?
      Es la una.       Son las dos.      Son las tres, cuatro, cinco, seis, siete, ocho, nueve, diez, once, doce.
      Son las siete y cinco, diez, cuarto, veinte, veinticinco
      Son las seis y media.
      Son las ocho menos cinco, diez, cuarto, veinte, veinticinco
¿A qué hora...? (AT) What time . . . ?   Nuestra clase es A la una y termina A las cinco menos diez.
LECCIÓN 3
LA FAMILIA (family)
el hermano (brother) y la hermana (sister) = los hermanos (siblings) brothers or brothers and sisters
el padre (father) OR papá (Dad) y la madre (mother) OR mamá (Mom) = los padres (parents)
el hijo (son) y la hija (daughter) = los hijos (children, offspring, kids)
LA CASA = THE HOUSE
La sala (living room)                                                      Los muebles (furniture)
La cocina (kitchen)                                                        La mesa (table)
El cuarto (room)                                                           La basura (garbage)
El baño/el cuarto de baño (bathroom)                                       El césped (lawn)
El dormitorio (bedroom)                                                    Los platos (dishes, plates)
Other important nouns (otros nombres importantes)
La comida (food)                                                           El tiempo (time)
La cosa (thing)                                                            La ropa (clothing, clothes)
El trabajo (work)                                                          La ciudad (city)
Other important adjectives, adverbs or expressions:
siempre (always)
cuando (when) also ¿cuándo? (when?)
después (after)
para (for or when it’s in front of an infinitive: in order to )
¿quién? (who?)
todavía (still)
todo, toda, todos, todas (all)
LOS VERBOS! (VERBS)
Completely regular –AR verbs: -o, -as, -a, -amos, -an
Cenar = to dine                                                            Llegar = to arrive
Cortar = to cut                                                            Mirar = to look at (watch)
Descansar = to rest                                                        Planchar = to iron
Lavar = to wash                                                            Preparar = to prepare
Limpiar = to clean                                                         Sacar = to take out
Completely regular –ER verbs: -o, -es, -e, -emos, -en
Barrer = to sweep                                                          Correr = to run
Beber = to drink                                                           Leer = to read
Comer = to eat
*DEBER = TO SHOULD; TO OUGHT; TO MUST (*is always followed by an infinitive)
Completely regular –IR verbs: -o, -es, -e, -imos, -en
Abrir = to open                                                            Sacudir = to dust
Escribir = to write                                                        Vivir = to live
Recibir = to receive
Either Slightly or Completely IRREGULAR verbs:
*TENER = to have (tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tienen)
*VENIR = to come (vengo, vienes, viene, venimos, vienen)
* HACER = to do, to make (hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hacen)
IDIOMS WITH “TENER”
tener (mucho) frío = to be (very) cold frío = cold
tener (mucho) calor = to be (very) hot calor = heat
tener (mucha) sed = to be (very) thirsty sed = thirst
tener (mucho) hambre = to be (very) hungry hambre = hunger
tener (mucha) prisa = to be in a (very big) hurry prisa = hurriedness
tener (mucho) sueño = to be (very) sleepy          sueño = sleepiness
tener (mucho) miedo = to be (very) afraid miedo = fear
tener razón = to be right                      razón = reason

 tener ….años (de edad) = to be …..years old años = years
 a form of “tener” + “que” + infinitive = to have to do something

Possessión with “DE”
There is no such thing as an ‘s in Spanish. To express possession or relationship use THE + WHATEVER THE THING/PERSON IS +
DE + WHO IT BELONGS TO.
Roberto’s mother = la madre de Roberto Linda’s pencil = el lápiz de Linda
Carlos and Pablo’s house = la casa de Carlos y Pablo. Hector’s sisters = las hermanas de Héctor

Demonstrative Adjectives
Aquí (here)                                   Allí (there)
                                              ese (that….)                                   Allá (over there)
este (this…)
                                              esa (that….)                                   aquel (that….)
esta (this…)
                                              esos (those….)                                 aquella (that….)
estos (these…)
                                              esas (those….)                                 aquellos (those….)
estas (these…)
                                                                                             aquellas (those…)



                                                                                                                         4
LECCIÓN 4
Vocabulario Importante
la   bebida – beverage, drink                                      los ojos eyes
el   cumpleaños - birthday                                         ahora – now
el   éxito - success                                               ¡Salud! – Cheers!
la   fiesta – party                                                aunque – although, even though
la   sorpresa - surprise                                           ya – already
la   pareja – pair                                                 algo - something
la   torta (pastel) – cake
Familia:
el novio + la novia = los novios (boyfriend, girlfriend)
el tío + la tía = los tíos (uncles and aunts)
el abuelo y la abuela = los abuelos (grandparents)
el primo + la prima = los primos (cousins)
el nieto + la nieta = los nietos (grandson, granddaughter, grandchildren)
el sobrino + la sobrina = los sobrinos (nephew, niece, nieces and nephews)
el hijo + la hija = los hijos (son, daughter, children/sons)
Adjetivos:
(that describe a “permanent” characteristic)
pelirrojo(a) - red-haired                                          castaño - brown (eyes, hair)
rubio(a) - blond(e)                                                encantador(a) - charming
moreno(a) - brunette                                               guatemalteco(a) Guatemalan
(that describe a “temporary” condition or feeling)
cansado(a) - tired                                                 contento(a) - happy, content
animado(a) - enthused (lively, animated)                           enamorado(a) - in love
casado(a) - married & SOLTERO(A) SINGLE                            feliz - happy
100% Regular –AR verbs
bailar - to dance                                                  levantar - to raise
enviar - to send                                                   invitar to invite
mandar - to send                                                   celebrar to celebrate
gritar - to shout
llevar - to take (someone or something someplace)
100% Regular –IR verbs
decidir - to decide

Irregular Verbs
conocer - to know (people); to be acquainted
hacer – to do, to make
poner – to put
saber - to know (facts or information)
traer – to bring
ver – to see
salir – to leave, to go out (socially)
conducir – to drive (Spain)
traducir – to translate
ir – to go
dar – to give
estar – to be (location, feeling)


 A form of IR + A + INFINITIVE = to be going to do something (IN THE FUTURE)

I’m going to study tomorrow. = Yo voy a estudiar mañana.
You’re going to study tomorrow. = Tú vas a estudiar mañana.
He’s going to study tomorrow. = Él va a estudiar mañana.
We’re going to study tomorrow. = Nosotros vamos a estudiar mañana.
They’re going to study tomorrow. = Ellos van a estudiar mañana.
LECCIÓN 5
al día siguiente next day                                              la boda wedding
algo something                                                         más tarde later
*aquí here                                                             tímido(a) shy
el (la) niño(a) child                                                  travieso(a) mischievous
el   arroz rice                                                        la sal salt
el   bistec steak                                                      la sopa soup
el   flan caramel custard                                              los camarones shrimp
el   helado ice cream                                                  el pan bread
el   huevo egg                                                         el pan tostado toast
el   jamón ham                                                         el pastel pie
la   mantequilla butter                                                el perro caliente hot dog
la   mermelada jam                                                     el pescado fish
la   papa potato                                                       la verdura vegetable
el   pollo chicken                                                     la pimienta (black) pepper
el   postre dessert                                                    la hamburgesa hamburger
el   vegetal vegetable                                                 la langosta lobster
la   cebolla onion                                                     la fruta fruit
la   crema cream
el   almuerzo lunch                                                    la servilleta napkin
el   (la) camarero(a) waiter, waitress                                 la taza cup
el   mantel tablecloth                                                 la cuenta check, bill
el   platillo small plate                                              la propina tip
el   plato plate                                                       asado(a) roasted
el   tenedor fork                                                      rico(a) rich
el   cuchillo knife                                                    sabroso(a) tasty
la   cuchara spoon                                                     pedir to order
100% Regular –AR verbs
dejar to leave (behind)                                                pagar to pay
desayunar to have breakfast                                            esperar to wait
E  IE stem-changing verbs
comenzar to start                                                      entender to understand
empezar to begin                                                       querer to want, to wish
pensar to think                                                        preferir to prefer
Regular Comparative/Superlative
MÁS (more) + adjective or noun + QUE (than)                        MENOS (less) + adjective or noun + QUE (than)
Irregular Comparative/Superlative (don’t use MÁS!)
mayor older, oldest                                                  menor younger, youngest
mejor better, best                                                   peor worse
Comparisons of equality
tan (as) + adjective + como (as)                                      tanto(a) (as much or as many) + noun + como (as)
Prepositional pronouns (prepositions: para, de, en, a, con, etc.)
mí (except “conmigo” after “con”)
ti    (except “contigo” after “con”)
él,ella, Ud.    Nosotros       ellos, ellas, Uds.
                      SER vs. ESTAR
ser = to be                                         estar = to be
soy= I am                                           estoy = I am
eres = you are                                      estás = you are
es = he, she, it, is                                está = he, she, it, is
somos = we are                                      estamos = we are
son = they or you all are                           están = they or you all are
ser:                                                estar:
1. identification                                   1. location
2. origin                                           2. feeling or condition
3. characteristic                                   3. for the present progressive

Present Progressive - What is in progress (what’s going on) RIGHT NOW!
estoy
estás
está                 +               present participle (-ing ending verb in English)
estamos                         (take off the –AR and put –ANDO)
están                            (take off the –ER or -IR and put –IENDO)
Irregular present participles: leer: leyendo     traer: trayendo
LECCIÓN 6
antes (de) before                                               el (la) cocinero(a) cook
caro(a) expensive                                               el (la) criado(a) servant
cerca (de) near, close                                          está bien (it’s) all right, (it’s) OK
el   mercado market                                             la pescadería fish market
el   mercado al aire libre outdoor market                       la carne meat
el   supermercado supermarket                                   la chuleta de cerdo pork chop
la   panadería bakery
COMIDA QUE COMPRAMOS EN EL MERCADO (VEGETALES Y FRUTAS)
la lechuga lettuce                                 el durazno peach
el aguacate avocado                                el plátano banana
el ají red pepper                                  la fresa strawberry
el apio celery                                     la pera pear
el brócoli broccoli                                la piña pineapple
el pepino cucumber                                 la sandía watermelon
la zanahoria carrot                                las cerezas cherries
COSAS QUE COMPRAMOS EN UN SUPERMERCADO
los espaguetis spaghetti                                        la lejía bleach
el azúcar sugar                                                 el papel higiénico toilet paper
nada nothing
tantos(as) so many
un poco (de) a little
100% -AR verbs
comprar to buy
cocinar to cook
An E IE STEM-CHANGING VERB THAT I FORGOT FROM LAST CHAPTER
cerrar to close
O UE STEM-CHANGING VERBS
almorzar to have lunch                               volver to return (to come back)
costar to cost                                       poder to be able to, (“CAN”)
encontrar to find                                    dormir to sleep
recordar to remember
E I STEM-CHANGING VERBS
conseguir to obtain (get)
pedir to order, also: to ask for (request)
servir to serve
seguir to follow, to keep on…..
AN EXTREMELY IMPORTANT (FREQUENTLY USED) VERB:
DECIR to say, to tell

PALABRAS AFIRMATIVAS Y NEGATIVAS
                             SOMETHING (ALGO)                                  NOTHING (NADA)

                             ALWAYS (SIEMPRE)                                  NEVER (NUNCA)

                SOMEONE; SOMEBODY (ALGUIEN)                              NO ONE; NOBODY (NADIE)

                   SOME…. (ALGUNO)                                   NONE; {NOT} ANY (NINGUNO….)
         ALSO: ALGÚN, ALGUNA, ALGUNOS, ALGUNAS                ALSO: NINGÚN, NINGUNA, NINGUNOS, NINGUNAS

                        ALSO; TOO (TAMBIÉN)                             EITHER; NEITHER (TAMPOCO)

                                 (AND) Y                                   NEITHER; NOR (NI…NI)


DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS

          me (me)                           nos (us)

           te (you)

     lo, la (it; him, her)            los, las (them)
        (also, you formal)                 (also, you guys)
LECCIÓN 7
el fin de semana weekend                  la semana week
el cine movie theater                    la película movie, film
el juego        game (fun games, board games, etc. Example: los juegos de video or videojuegos
el partido      match, game (example: un partido de béisbol, fútbol, tenis, etc.)
justo(a) fair                            pobre    poor
temprano early                           último(a) last (in a series)
en vez de instead of                    hasta until
la vez    time (an ocurrence or occasion) examples: una vez, la última vez, la primera vez

100% REGULAR -AR
bromear to kid, to joke                                                     nadar to swim
cambiar to change                                                           visitar to visit
preguntar to ask (a question)                                               entrar (en) to enter, to go in
patinar   to skate
100% REGULAR -ER
romper to break
VERBS THAT USE INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS INSTEAD OF SUBJECT PRONOUNS
GUSTAR – the actual definition is: to be pleasing to (in English: “to like”)
REFLEXIVE VERBS
Levantarse – to get up (to get oneself up)                                  Sentarse – (e>ie) to sit down
Acostarse (o>ue) to go to bed                                               Quejarse to complain
Bañarse to bathe (oneself)                                                  Ponerse – to put on (me pongo)
Lavarse – to wash oneself                                                   Aburrirse - to get bored, to be bored
Despertarse (e>ie) to wake up                                               Divertirse (e>ie) to have fun (to amuse oneself)
Afeitarse to shave (oneself)                                                Vestirse (e>i) to get dressed (to dress oneself)
Quitarse – to take off (of oneself)                                         Reírse (e>i) to laugh
Probarse (o>ue) – to try on (oneself)


INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS

       ME (to me; for me)                      NOS (to us; for us)

       TE (to you; for you)

     * LE    (to him,to her; for him;     *   LES (to them; for them;)
      for her to you, for you formal           to you guys; for you guys)

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Vocabulary review

  • 1. LECCIÓN 1 Vocabulario Basico, De La Clase chair la silla notebook el cuaderno clock, watch el reloj street la calle pecil el lápiz library la biblioteca pen el bolígrafo, la pluma door la puerta book el libro student el or la estudiante desk el escritorio boy el chico or el muchacho light la luz girl la chica or la muchacha window la ventana teacher el profesor or la profesora paper el papel LOS COLORES red rojo black negro blue azul white blanco green verde grey gris yellow amarillo brown marrón orange anaranjado purple morado DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES short= BAJO tall = ALTO slender = DELGADO fat = GORDO nice = SIMPÁTICO not nice = ANTIPÁTICO good-looking, handsome = GUAPO ugly= FEO pretty = BONITO(A) difficult=DIFÍCIL easy = FÁCIL big = GRANDE small= PEQUEÑO young= JOVEN old= VIEJO intelligent= INTELIGENTE dumb= TONTO rich= RICO perfect= PERFECTO interesting= INTERESANTE ARTICLES EL, LA, LOS, LAS = THE UN, UNA = A, AN UNOS, UNAS = SOME, A FEW SUBJECT PRONOUNS YO I UD. You, formal TÚ You, familiar NOSOTROS, NOSOTRAS We ÉL He ELLOS, ELLAS They ELLA She UDS. You, plural; (You guys, you all) SER = TO BE (soy, eres, es, somos, son = I am, you are, he/she/it is, we are, they are) EXPRESSIONS OF COURTESY mucho gusto nice to meet you de nada you’re welcome por favor please perdón excuse me gracias thank-you lo siento I’m sorry muchas gracias thank-you very much! GREETINGS, GOODBYES, COMMON QUESTIONS & RESPONSES Hola ¿Qué tal? Hi, how’s it going? Buenos días (good morning) Buenas tardes (good afternoon) Buenas noches (good evening or good night) Adiós Hasta luego Hasta la vista Nos vemos (good-bye, see you later) ¿Cómo te llamas? Me llamo…. (What’s your name? My name is….) ¿De dónde eres? Soy de ….. (Where are you from? I’m from ….) ¿Cómo estás? ¿Cómo está Ud.? (How are you? spoken to a familiar person and a formal person) Bien, ¿y tu? (Fine, and you?) Muy bien (very fine, very well) sí yes ¿Cómo? = How? HAY = THERE IS or THERE ARE 1. uno 7. siete 13. trece 2. dos 8. ocho 14. catorce 3. tres 9. nueve 15. quince 4. cuatro 10. diez 16. diez y seis 5. cinco 11. once 20. VEINTE 6. seis 12. doce POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES NUESTRO…., NUESTROS…. MI…, MIS…. (MY.......) NUESTRA…., NUESTRAS…. (OUR......) TU…., TUS…. (YOUR……..)
  • 2. SU…., SUS…. (HIS…., HER……, YOUR……) SU…., SUS….. (THEIR ……., YOUR……..) LECCIÓN 2 a = at (only with telling time); to pero = but de = of (also: from) hoy = today en = in, on and at (with location) también = also, too con = with mañana = tomorrow la mañana = morning por la mañana = in (during) the morning …..de la mañana =A.M. la tarde = afternoon por la tarde = in (during) the afternoon .….de la tarde = P.M. la noche = night por la noche = at (during the) night ……de la noche = P.M. la playa = beach ¿Por qué? = Why? el dinero = money ¿Qué? = What? la vida = life ¿Cuántos(as)? = How many? hay = there is, there are porque = because el (la) amigo(a) = friend que that *entonces = then *pues = then *solamente = only *sólo = only ¿verdad? = right?, true? bueno(a) = good aburrido(a) boring nuevo(a) new todos(as) = all puertorriqueño(a) = Puerto Rican cubanoamericano(a) = Cuban-American mexicano(a) = Mexican ya es tarde = it’s already late Aquí está… = Here it is… REGULAR –AR VERBS conversar = to talk, converse necesitar = to need desear = to wish, want terminar = to end, to finish, to be through estudiar = to study trabajar = to work hablar = to speak, to talk tomar = to take (a class); to have something to eat or drink ORDERING BEVERAGES Deseo jugo de manzana. =I would like apple juice. jugo de naranja.= orange juice. jugo de tomate. = tomato juice. jugo de toronja. = grapefruit juice. jugo de uvas. = grape juice. Deseo un vaso de agua con hielo. =I would like a glass of ice water. un vaso de leche. = a glass of milk. un vaso de té frío. = a glass of iced tea. un vaso de té helado. = a glass of iced tea. Deseo una taza de café. = I would like a cup of coffee. una taza de café con leche. = a cup of coffee with milk. una taza de chocolate caliente. = a cup of hot chocolate. una taza de té. = a cup of tea. LOS DÍAS DE LA SEMANA (the days of the week) el lunes =Monday el jueves = Thursday el domingo = Sunday el martes = Tuesday el viernes Friday el miércoles Wednesday el sábado = Saturday LOS MESES DEL AÑO (months of the year) enero = january mayo septiembre febrero junio octubre marzo julio noviembre abril agosto diciembre LAS ESTACIONES (the seasons) la primavera = Spring el otoño = Autumn, fall el verano = Summer el invierno = Winter LA FECHA (the date) el + ________________________________ + de + ___________________________________. THE + (REGULAR NUMBERS, EXCEPT FOR UNO, USE EL PRIMERO) + OF + (THE MONTH IN SPANISH) el primero = the first …… de octubre, el dos de octubre, el treinta y uno de octubre ¿QUÉ HORA ES? = What time is it? Es la una. Son las dos. Son las tres, cuatro, cinco, seis, siete, ocho, nueve, diez, once, doce. Son las siete y cinco, diez, cuarto, veinte, veinticinco Son las seis y media. Son las ocho menos cinco, diez, cuarto, veinte, veinticinco
  • 3. ¿A qué hora...? (AT) What time . . . ? Nuestra clase es A la una y termina A las cinco menos diez.
  • 4. LECCIÓN 3 LA FAMILIA (family) el hermano (brother) y la hermana (sister) = los hermanos (siblings) brothers or brothers and sisters el padre (father) OR papá (Dad) y la madre (mother) OR mamá (Mom) = los padres (parents) el hijo (son) y la hija (daughter) = los hijos (children, offspring, kids) LA CASA = THE HOUSE La sala (living room) Los muebles (furniture) La cocina (kitchen) La mesa (table) El cuarto (room) La basura (garbage) El baño/el cuarto de baño (bathroom) El césped (lawn) El dormitorio (bedroom) Los platos (dishes, plates) Other important nouns (otros nombres importantes) La comida (food) El tiempo (time) La cosa (thing) La ropa (clothing, clothes) El trabajo (work) La ciudad (city) Other important adjectives, adverbs or expressions: siempre (always) cuando (when) also ¿cuándo? (when?) después (after) para (for or when it’s in front of an infinitive: in order to ) ¿quién? (who?) todavía (still) todo, toda, todos, todas (all) LOS VERBOS! (VERBS) Completely regular –AR verbs: -o, -as, -a, -amos, -an Cenar = to dine Llegar = to arrive Cortar = to cut Mirar = to look at (watch) Descansar = to rest Planchar = to iron Lavar = to wash Preparar = to prepare Limpiar = to clean Sacar = to take out Completely regular –ER verbs: -o, -es, -e, -emos, -en Barrer = to sweep Correr = to run Beber = to drink Leer = to read Comer = to eat *DEBER = TO SHOULD; TO OUGHT; TO MUST (*is always followed by an infinitive) Completely regular –IR verbs: -o, -es, -e, -imos, -en Abrir = to open Sacudir = to dust Escribir = to write Vivir = to live Recibir = to receive Either Slightly or Completely IRREGULAR verbs: *TENER = to have (tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tienen) *VENIR = to come (vengo, vienes, viene, venimos, vienen) * HACER = to do, to make (hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hacen) IDIOMS WITH “TENER” tener (mucho) frío = to be (very) cold frío = cold tener (mucho) calor = to be (very) hot calor = heat tener (mucha) sed = to be (very) thirsty sed = thirst tener (mucho) hambre = to be (very) hungry hambre = hunger tener (mucha) prisa = to be in a (very big) hurry prisa = hurriedness tener (mucho) sueño = to be (very) sleepy sueño = sleepiness tener (mucho) miedo = to be (very) afraid miedo = fear tener razón = to be right razón = reason tener ….años (de edad) = to be …..years old años = years a form of “tener” + “que” + infinitive = to have to do something Possessión with “DE” There is no such thing as an ‘s in Spanish. To express possession or relationship use THE + WHATEVER THE THING/PERSON IS + DE + WHO IT BELONGS TO. Roberto’s mother = la madre de Roberto Linda’s pencil = el lápiz de Linda Carlos and Pablo’s house = la casa de Carlos y Pablo. Hector’s sisters = las hermanas de Héctor Demonstrative Adjectives Aquí (here) Allí (there) ese (that….) Allá (over there) este (this…) esa (that….) aquel (that….) esta (this…) esos (those….) aquella (that….) estos (these…) esas (those….) aquellos (those….) estas (these…) aquellas (those…) 4
  • 5. LECCIÓN 4 Vocabulario Importante la bebida – beverage, drink los ojos eyes el cumpleaños - birthday ahora – now el éxito - success ¡Salud! – Cheers! la fiesta – party aunque – although, even though la sorpresa - surprise ya – already la pareja – pair algo - something la torta (pastel) – cake Familia: el novio + la novia = los novios (boyfriend, girlfriend) el tío + la tía = los tíos (uncles and aunts) el abuelo y la abuela = los abuelos (grandparents) el primo + la prima = los primos (cousins) el nieto + la nieta = los nietos (grandson, granddaughter, grandchildren) el sobrino + la sobrina = los sobrinos (nephew, niece, nieces and nephews) el hijo + la hija = los hijos (son, daughter, children/sons) Adjetivos: (that describe a “permanent” characteristic) pelirrojo(a) - red-haired castaño - brown (eyes, hair) rubio(a) - blond(e) encantador(a) - charming moreno(a) - brunette guatemalteco(a) Guatemalan (that describe a “temporary” condition or feeling) cansado(a) - tired contento(a) - happy, content animado(a) - enthused (lively, animated) enamorado(a) - in love casado(a) - married & SOLTERO(A) SINGLE feliz - happy 100% Regular –AR verbs bailar - to dance levantar - to raise enviar - to send invitar to invite mandar - to send celebrar to celebrate gritar - to shout llevar - to take (someone or something someplace) 100% Regular –IR verbs decidir - to decide Irregular Verbs conocer - to know (people); to be acquainted hacer – to do, to make poner – to put saber - to know (facts or information) traer – to bring ver – to see salir – to leave, to go out (socially) conducir – to drive (Spain) traducir – to translate ir – to go dar – to give estar – to be (location, feeling) A form of IR + A + INFINITIVE = to be going to do something (IN THE FUTURE) I’m going to study tomorrow. = Yo voy a estudiar mañana. You’re going to study tomorrow. = Tú vas a estudiar mañana. He’s going to study tomorrow. = Él va a estudiar mañana. We’re going to study tomorrow. = Nosotros vamos a estudiar mañana. They’re going to study tomorrow. = Ellos van a estudiar mañana.
  • 6. LECCIÓN 5 al día siguiente next day la boda wedding algo something más tarde later *aquí here tímido(a) shy el (la) niño(a) child travieso(a) mischievous el arroz rice la sal salt el bistec steak la sopa soup el flan caramel custard los camarones shrimp el helado ice cream el pan bread el huevo egg el pan tostado toast el jamón ham el pastel pie la mantequilla butter el perro caliente hot dog la mermelada jam el pescado fish la papa potato la verdura vegetable el pollo chicken la pimienta (black) pepper el postre dessert la hamburgesa hamburger el vegetal vegetable la langosta lobster la cebolla onion la fruta fruit la crema cream el almuerzo lunch la servilleta napkin el (la) camarero(a) waiter, waitress la taza cup el mantel tablecloth la cuenta check, bill el platillo small plate la propina tip el plato plate asado(a) roasted el tenedor fork rico(a) rich el cuchillo knife sabroso(a) tasty la cuchara spoon pedir to order 100% Regular –AR verbs dejar to leave (behind) pagar to pay desayunar to have breakfast esperar to wait E  IE stem-changing verbs comenzar to start entender to understand empezar to begin querer to want, to wish pensar to think preferir to prefer Regular Comparative/Superlative MÁS (more) + adjective or noun + QUE (than) MENOS (less) + adjective or noun + QUE (than) Irregular Comparative/Superlative (don’t use MÁS!) mayor older, oldest menor younger, youngest mejor better, best peor worse Comparisons of equality tan (as) + adjective + como (as) tanto(a) (as much or as many) + noun + como (as) Prepositional pronouns (prepositions: para, de, en, a, con, etc.) mí (except “conmigo” after “con”) ti (except “contigo” after “con”) él,ella, Ud. Nosotros ellos, ellas, Uds. SER vs. ESTAR ser = to be estar = to be soy= I am estoy = I am eres = you are estás = you are es = he, she, it, is está = he, she, it, is somos = we are estamos = we are son = they or you all are están = they or you all are ser: estar: 1. identification 1. location 2. origin 2. feeling or condition 3. characteristic 3. for the present progressive Present Progressive - What is in progress (what’s going on) RIGHT NOW! estoy estás está + present participle (-ing ending verb in English) estamos (take off the –AR and put –ANDO) están (take off the –ER or -IR and put –IENDO) Irregular present participles: leer: leyendo traer: trayendo
  • 7. LECCIÓN 6 antes (de) before el (la) cocinero(a) cook caro(a) expensive el (la) criado(a) servant cerca (de) near, close está bien (it’s) all right, (it’s) OK el mercado market la pescadería fish market el mercado al aire libre outdoor market la carne meat el supermercado supermarket la chuleta de cerdo pork chop la panadería bakery COMIDA QUE COMPRAMOS EN EL MERCADO (VEGETALES Y FRUTAS) la lechuga lettuce el durazno peach el aguacate avocado el plátano banana el ají red pepper la fresa strawberry el apio celery la pera pear el brócoli broccoli la piña pineapple el pepino cucumber la sandía watermelon la zanahoria carrot las cerezas cherries COSAS QUE COMPRAMOS EN UN SUPERMERCADO los espaguetis spaghetti la lejía bleach el azúcar sugar el papel higiénico toilet paper nada nothing tantos(as) so many un poco (de) a little 100% -AR verbs comprar to buy cocinar to cook An E IE STEM-CHANGING VERB THAT I FORGOT FROM LAST CHAPTER cerrar to close O UE STEM-CHANGING VERBS almorzar to have lunch volver to return (to come back) costar to cost poder to be able to, (“CAN”) encontrar to find dormir to sleep recordar to remember E I STEM-CHANGING VERBS conseguir to obtain (get) pedir to order, also: to ask for (request) servir to serve seguir to follow, to keep on….. AN EXTREMELY IMPORTANT (FREQUENTLY USED) VERB: DECIR to say, to tell PALABRAS AFIRMATIVAS Y NEGATIVAS SOMETHING (ALGO) NOTHING (NADA) ALWAYS (SIEMPRE) NEVER (NUNCA) SOMEONE; SOMEBODY (ALGUIEN) NO ONE; NOBODY (NADIE) SOME…. (ALGUNO) NONE; {NOT} ANY (NINGUNO….) ALSO: ALGÚN, ALGUNA, ALGUNOS, ALGUNAS ALSO: NINGÚN, NINGUNA, NINGUNOS, NINGUNAS ALSO; TOO (TAMBIÉN) EITHER; NEITHER (TAMPOCO) (AND) Y NEITHER; NOR (NI…NI) DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS me (me) nos (us) te (you) lo, la (it; him, her) los, las (them) (also, you formal) (also, you guys)
  • 8. LECCIÓN 7 el fin de semana weekend la semana week el cine movie theater la película movie, film el juego game (fun games, board games, etc. Example: los juegos de video or videojuegos el partido match, game (example: un partido de béisbol, fútbol, tenis, etc.) justo(a) fair pobre poor temprano early último(a) last (in a series) en vez de instead of hasta until la vez time (an ocurrence or occasion) examples: una vez, la última vez, la primera vez 100% REGULAR -AR bromear to kid, to joke nadar to swim cambiar to change visitar to visit preguntar to ask (a question) entrar (en) to enter, to go in patinar to skate 100% REGULAR -ER romper to break VERBS THAT USE INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS INSTEAD OF SUBJECT PRONOUNS GUSTAR – the actual definition is: to be pleasing to (in English: “to like”) REFLEXIVE VERBS Levantarse – to get up (to get oneself up) Sentarse – (e>ie) to sit down Acostarse (o>ue) to go to bed Quejarse to complain Bañarse to bathe (oneself) Ponerse – to put on (me pongo) Lavarse – to wash oneself Aburrirse - to get bored, to be bored Despertarse (e>ie) to wake up Divertirse (e>ie) to have fun (to amuse oneself) Afeitarse to shave (oneself) Vestirse (e>i) to get dressed (to dress oneself) Quitarse – to take off (of oneself) Reírse (e>i) to laugh Probarse (o>ue) – to try on (oneself) INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS ME (to me; for me) NOS (to us; for us) TE (to you; for you) * LE (to him,to her; for him; * LES (to them; for them;) for her to you, for you formal to you guys; for you guys)