This document discusses algorithms, pseudo code, variables, and flowcharts. It defines an algorithm as a sequence of steps to solve a problem and notes that pseudo code is an informal language to help develop algorithms using basic syntax like indentation. It also explains that variables are used in programming to represent values that can change, like user input, and lists common variable types. Finally, it provides an overview of how flowcharts use geometric symbols to represent program elements and relationships between them.

1. Pseudo Code

2. Algorithm
• An algorithm is a procedure for solving a
problem in terms of the actions to be
executed and the order in which those
actions are to be executed. An algorithm is
merely the sequence of steps taken to solve a
problem. The steps are normally "sequence,"
"selection, " "iteration," and a case-type
statement.

3. Pseudo code
• Pseudo code is an artificial and informal
language that helps programmers develop
algorithms. Pseudo code is a "text-based"
detail (algorithmic) design tool.

4. Pseudo code
• The rules of Pseudo code are reasonably
straightforward. All statements showing
"dependency" are to be indented. These
include while, do, for, if, switch. Examples
below will illustrate this notion.

5. Example
1.. If student's grade is greater than or equal to 60
Print "passed"
else
Print "failed"
2. Set total to zero
Set grade counter to one
While grade counter is less than or equal to ten
Input the next grade
Add the grade into the total
Set the class average to the total divided by ten
Print the class average.

6. Variables
A typical program uses various values that
change during its execution .
For example, we create a program that
performs some calculations on the
values entered by the user.
.

7. Variables
The values entered by one user will
obviously be different from those entered in
by another user. This means that when
creating the program, the programmer does
not know what values will be introduced as
input, and that makes it necessary to
process all possible values
a user may enter.

8. Variables
When a user enters a new value that will be
used in the process of calculation,
we can preserve it (temporarily) in the
random access memory of our computer.
The values in this part of memory change
(vary) throughout execution and this has led
to their name –variables

9. Variable Type
• Integer types – sbyte, byte, short, ushort,
int, uint, long,ulong;
• Real floating-point types –float, double
• Boolean type – bool
• Character type –char;
• String –string;
• Object type –object

10. Variable Types
• Data Types and Their Ranges.xlsx

11. Flow chart
• Flowcharts use simple geometric symbols and
arrows to define relationships. In
programming, for instance, the beginning or
end of a program is represented by an oval. A
process is represented by a rectangle, a
decision is represented by a diamond and an
I/O process is represented by a parallelogram.
The Internet is represented by a cloud.

12. Flow Chart
• Flow Chart Symbols.xls
• Draw a flowchart to add two numbers
entered by user.
• Draw flowchart to find the largest among
three different numbers entered by user.