The talk by Rui Carvalho at JetBrains Night Paris 2019 focuses on the importance of feedback loops in agile development and critiques current practices that may undermine agile values. He discusses the misconceptions surrounding agile methodologies, emphasizes the necessity of understanding complexities within systems, and highlights the need for iterative learning to truly develop with agility. Ultimately, Carvalho argues for a shift from merely applying agile processes to genuinely embracing agility that fosters continuous learning and adaptation.