African nationalism emerged in the mid-19th century as ideas of independence and unity spread among colonial societies. Both ideological beliefs and social circumstances fueled growing nationalist sentiments, as certain groups found the message appealing. Nationalist movements were eventually able to achieve independence due to factors within Africa, like cooperation between social groups, and external factors, such as weakened European powers after World War II.

1. Discuss the origins and progress of African nationalism from
the mid-nineteenth century through to the achievement of
independence in colonial Africa. Explain both the ideological
and the social development of nationalism as a force in African
societies (in other words, discuss both the various ideas that
contributed to the development of nationalism and the specific
social groups which found those ideas appealing). Discuss the
key factors (both within Africa and without) that helped
nationalist movements to succeed in their goal of achieving
independence. Make sure to provide specific examples to
illustrate your points when appropriate.