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Webカメラを用いた流体シミュレータ
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Fumiya Watanabe
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第3回rogyゼミで発表した内容です。 新歓向け展示で制作したWebカメラを用いた流体シミュレータのおおざっぱな解説です。
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Webカメラを用いた流体シミュレータ
1.
2.
新歓展示というイベントがあるらしい なんか手軽に作れて、安く作れて、 すごそうに見えるものを作ろう
3.
新しいことをたくさん勉強しなくても済みそうなネタ 手軽さ ソフト系で大体事が足りるようなもの 安さ 理論的にちょっと難しそうに見えそうなもの すごさ
4.
流体はなんか難しそう(小並感) 流体シミュレータの基礎部分は授業でやったことある 画像処理を利用してちょっとコンテンツ性を高める これなら金もあんまりかからない
5.
SMAC法によって解く 2次元非圧縮性流体におけるNavier – Stokes方程式 及び連続の式 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑥 + 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑦 =
0 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑡 + 𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑥 + 𝑣 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑦 = − 𝜕𝑝 𝜕𝑥 + 1 𝑅𝑒 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑥2 + 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑦2 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑡 + 𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑥 + 𝑣 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑦 = − 𝜕𝑝 𝜕𝑦 + 1 𝑅𝑒 𝜕2 𝑣 𝜕𝑥2 + 𝜕2 𝑣 𝜕𝑦2 1. 𝑢, 𝑣の暫定値𝑢∗ , 𝑣∗ を求める(Burgers方程式) 2. 暫定値𝑢∗ , 𝑣∗ を用いて圧力の修正量𝛿𝑝を求める(Poisson方程式) 3. 𝛿𝑝を現ステップの圧力値に足して次ステップの圧力値とする 4.暫定値𝑢∗ , 𝑣∗ を, 𝛿𝑝を用いて修正する
6.
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥)という微分方程式を数値的に解くには? 差分化 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = lim Δ𝑥→0 𝑦
𝑥+Δ𝑥 −𝑦(𝑥) Δ𝑥 より, 𝑓 𝑥 ≈ 𝑦 𝑥+Δ𝑥 −𝑦(𝑥) Δ𝑥 と考えれば, 𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑦 𝑥 + Δ𝑥 − 𝑓 𝑥 Δ𝑥で近似的に計算できる. 前進差分 𝑦 𝑥 + Δ𝑥 − 𝑦(𝑥) Δ𝑥 = 𝑦𝑖+1 − 𝑦𝑖 Δ𝑥 後退差分 𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑦(𝑥 − Δ𝑥) Δ𝑥 = 𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦𝑖−1 Δ𝑥 前進差分と後退差分の平均→中心差分 𝑦 𝑥 + Δ𝑥 − 𝑦(𝑥 − Δ𝑥) 2Δ𝑥 = 𝑦𝑖+1 − 𝑦𝑖−1 2Δ𝑥
7.
流入境界 𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡. 𝑣
= 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡. 𝑝 = 0 流出境界 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑥 = 0 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑥 = 0 𝜕𝑝 𝜕𝑥 = 0 物体表面 𝑢 = 0 𝑣 = 0 𝑝は計算しない 物体内部 何も計算しない
8.
外部 物体表面 を分離する必要がある 物体内部 物体の検出
9.
原画像ノイズ処理後 物体の検出 表面と内部の分離 ローパス フィルタ 2値化 輪郭検出
10.
流速場 渦度
11.
リアルタイムでの処理は実装していない 計算の高速化(並列処理など?) 動く物体に対応した計算法を考える
12.
流体シムの基本は差分法 (ただしいろいろやり方はある) 画像のノイズ除去、2値化、輪郭検出を行った リアルタイム処理にできたら楽しそう
13.
基本的にはシミュレータを制作したい ・面白そうな対象を数式モデリングしてシミュレーション ・面白そうな対象の制御方法を考えてシミュレーション など 今ちょっとやりたいのは、 熱拡散方程式 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑡 = 𝑐2 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑥2 を対象とした制御シミュレータをつくりたい
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