Five large banks were fined $5.7 billion for manipulating foreign exchange markets and interest rates. Small businesses in India may have easier provident fund rules, requiring employers to contribute 9% of salaries for businesses with over 10 employees. SEBI and IRDA announced new guidelines, including allowing fund managers to service foreign portfolio investors and calling for prompt insurance premium receipts. The government also announced new initiatives to improve business conditions in India, such as a gold monetization scheme. Tax exemptions were provided for certain power sector services, and a court case determined that land value should be excluded from works contracts in Haryana. Stock indexes closed slightly down, while currency and commodity prices fluctuated.