Este documento describe diferentes protozoos parásitos de interés económico en la pesca y acuicultura, incluyendo flagelados como Ichthyobodo y Hexamita, apicomplejos como Perkinsus, microsporidios como Tetramicra, y mixozoos como Myxobolus cerebralis, agente de la enfermedad del torneo en salmones y truchas. Se explican los ciclos de vida, síntomas y métodos de diagnóstico y control de estos parásitos.

1. Parásitos en los productos de la pesca y acuicultura Protozoos de interés económico

8. Microspora Fuente: H. Mehlhorn, editor, (2001) Encyclopedic reference of parasitology, vol. 1, Biology, structure, function. 2ª edn , Springer-Verlag, Berlin..

9. Microspora: La espora polar filament: in the Microsporidia, a long, coiled series of filaments which extend the polar tube to infect host cells. polar tube: in the Microsporidia, the equivalent of a hypodermic needle. This organelle is inserted into a host cell and infectious sporoplasm is injected into the host. polaroplast: in the Microsporidia, a complex structure of layered vesicles or membranes associated with the base of the polar tube. Esporas típicas de Tetramicra brevifilum Fuente: http://www.mispeces.com/estudios/patologia/trouw-1/parasitosis_marinas.pdf Fuente: http://www.palaeos.com/Eukarya/Units/Microsporidia/Microsporidia.000.html

10. Microspora Fuente:http://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/bie1c.htm

20. Ciclo de vida de Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Life cycle of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis parasitizing many species of freshwater fish. 1 . Swarmer penetrates the skin of a fish y queda bajo ella generalmente. 2 The swarmer grows to be a trophozoite, reaching a diameter of up to 1 mm; the skin then presents with a large grayish pustule at these places. 3 Upon rupture of the pustules (por muerte del pez o por rascado) the trophozoites, which have numerous contractile vacuoles, are liberated and swim about feebly. Upon coming to rest on the bottom of the pond the trophozoite secretes a thick-walled gelatinous cyst wall about itself. 4-8. Within an hour of encystation the mother trophozoite starts reproduction by simple transverse division, this being repeated until up to 1024, 30-50 μm long, pear-shaped swarmers (with a single contractile vacuole) are formed. 9 After rupture of the cyst, the liberated swarmer attaches to the skin of fish within 2 days (unattached ones die during the third day). CI , cilia; CV , contractile vacuole; CW , cyst wall of cysts on the bottom of the pond; CWS , cyst wall in skin; CY , cytostome; EN , encysting swarmer; LC , long terminal cilium; MA , macronucleus ; MI , micronucleus ; OP , opening rupture of CW; SW , swarmer (tomite y/o teronte). CI , cilios; CV , vacuola contráctil; CW , pared quística en el fondo del estanque; CWS , pared quística en la piel; CY , citostoma; EN , teronte en o bajo epidermis; LC , cilio terminal largo; MA , macronúcleo ; MI , micronúcleo ; OP , apertura por ruptura de CW; Tomonte Teronte 30-50 μm Trofozoíto o trofonte 1 hora 30 min - 2 días 1 ó varios trofontes en o bajo la epidermis. Ø hasta 1-1,5 mm Tras 7-8 h. se forman 256-1024 tomites Fondo del estanque, lecho, .. Fuente de los vídeos: http://www.fishdoc.co.uk/video/fishmovies.htm Fuente: H. Mehlhorn, editor, (2001) Encyclopedic reference of parasitology, vol. 1, Biology, structure, function. 2ª edn , Springer-Verlag, Berlín. Tomites