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Systems-Engineering-Measurement_pres_INCOSE2002
1.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup SystemsEngineering Measurement November2002 PeteBaxter-INCOSEMWGChair
2.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 2 Overview Purpose •DescribemeasurementwithinSystemsEngineering (SE)processesandtypicalSEprocessmodels •Describemeasurementprocessandterminology Goals •Characterizetheprocessinputs,activitiesand outputsofSEprocesses •UnderstandtheuniqueSEprocesscharacteristics thataffectmeasurement •Providemechanismtoturninformationneedsinto measuresthatreallyhelpmanagers
3.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 3 1.Who/WhatIsTheMWG? •INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup •OneoftheWGsintheProcess& ImprovementTechnicalCommittee(P&ITC) MWGMission Promotesharedunderstanding&advancement ofsystemsengineeringmeasures, measurementpractices,measurement tools/support,andtheoverallmeasurement process
4.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 4 WhatMWGMembersDo? •Developedmeasurementprimer,guidebook,surveys, plans,templatesandinstructions •AuthoredandreviewedPSMguidancefortailoring PSMtosystemsengineering •ReviewedandcontributedtotheM&Aareasofthe CMMI •ParticipatedinthedevelopmentofISO/IEC15939 MeasurementStandard •ActiveinCOSYSMOactivitiesforSEestimation •Continuedstudyoffluiddynamicsandorbital mechanics Shapethepracticeofmeasurementthroughoutthe systemsengineeringcommunity.
5.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 5 MWGProducts SomeoftheproductsfromtheMWG: •SEMeasurementPrimer •MetricsGuidebookforIntegratedSystemsand ProductDevelopment •MeasurementEffectivenessSurvey •PracticalSystemsMeasurementGuidance •Risk-MeasurementStudies •MeasurementToolRequirements&Survey •SEMeasurementFAQs •OnlineSEMeasurementReferenceGuide •MeasurementTemplates •MeasurementArticlesinINSIGHT •MeasurementTutorialsandPanelMaterials
6.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 6 BenefitsofParticipating •Avoiceinshapingmeasurementdirections andstandards •Achancetogainandsharelessonslearned regardingmeasurement •Directinvolvementwithleadingmeasurement practitioners •Networkinginyourfieldofwork •Achancetolearnnewmethods,techniques, ortools •Trainingopportunities •Fluiddynamicsandorbitalmechanics
7.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 7 HowToParticipateintheMWG? •WorkingMember Participatesinthedevelopmentofmeasurement products;participatesinmostMWGmeetings •ReviewingMember Participatesinreviewofproductsandtechnical papers;frequentlyparticipatesinMWGmeetings •InformationMember Receivesinformationviae-mail,butcurrentlynot activeduetobusinessdemands;participatesin MWGmeetingsasoftenaspossible
8.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 8 2.SystemsEngineeringMeasurement Purposeofmeasurement: •Characterize(baselineperformance) •Evaluate(actualw.r.t.plans) •Predict(estimationandpredication) •Improve(processimprovement)
9.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 9 WhyMeasure? Provideorganizationalsupportforthe managementpolicyandstandardsthat areimposedonPMs Makeenterprisedataavailabletothosewho needitinaflexibleandeasy-to-usemanner Anticipate/automatetime-consuming periodicmanagementandsupportactivities Encouragemanagementbestpractices throughmeasurement
10.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 10 MeasurementAndManagement Measurementquantifiestheexpectedandactual performanceofbusinessactivities.Measurement can’tbedonebyoneofthem. Project Manager Project Manager Cost Accounting Subcontract Management Systems Engineering Software Engineering Measurement Process
11.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 11 MeasurementIsAManagementTool “Withoutameasurementprocess,managersdonot havetheinformationneededtoidentifyandresolve problems.” JamesRozum •Timelyandaccurateinformationisneededtoensure progressandresolveproblems/issues--duringthe fact. •Measurementisanalternativetoschedule-based management.
12.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 12 SELifecycles •Thereareanumberofsystems engineeringlife-cycles •Howyoubuildsystemsaffectshowyou measurethem •TerminologyfromISOaidsindescribing andimplementingSEprocesses…
13.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 13 ISO/IEC15288ConceptofSystem Systemof Interest Enabling System Independentsystems allowingthesystemof interesttofunctionover itslifecycle Systemof Concern Consistsof Systemthatdoesthe operationalfunctionsas expressedbystakeholder requirements Guideto15288showsthatthesystembeingbuilt(“systemofinterest”)
14.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 14 ISO/IEC15288-ProcessFlow Planning Process Acquisition Process Control,Decision Making,Configuration Mgmt&RiskMgmt Processes Assessment Process Deliverables Agreement Satisfaction Enterprise Processes (1)=ThroughProjectManagement AssessmentLoop Resources Supply Process (1) (1) WorkDirectives Planning&Control Loop Monitor Outcomes Products & Reports AgreementRequirements Support Requests Reports & Project Reviews Policies & Procedures Re-direct StakeholderNeeds DefinitionProcess Inputsfrom: Acquirerneeds-Productbreakdownstructure-level1 Otherinterestedpartyrequirements-Eachelementof theproductbreakdownstructure-alllevels Deliveryoflevel1systemtoacquirer Requirements AnalysisProcess Architectural DesignProcess Software Development (ISO/IEC12207) Implementation Process Integration Process Verification Process Validation Process Transition Process
15.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 15 WhySEMeasurementIsDifferent? TopLevelAEGISWeaponSystemspec.is~200pages. FictitiousSystemRequirement: Interceptanairtargetw/in1Kmilesw/in3secondsofdetectionw/ aPck>0.85 SM-2 AEGIS Cruiser
16.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 16 WhatIsUniqueAboutSEProcesses? •Design-to-cost •Capabilitiesofsystemsareinitially questionsnotrequirements •Decompositionactivities •GraymatteraspectofSE •BoundaryofSEiswide •RelianceonEnglishlanguage(even whensupportedbytools)
17.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 17 3.TheMeasurementProcess •Measurementprocessprovidesameansto connectyourmanagementneedswiththe real,measurabledata •Principlemeasurementguidanceisprovided by: –ISO/IEC15939SoftwareMeasurementProcess –PracticalSystemsandSoftwareMeasurement –SEICMMI(sm) •Allthreehappentousethesame measurementframework(oneofthefew timeswherethestarshavealigned)
18.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 18 MeasurementGuidance Primarysoftwaremeasurementguidance isprovidedby: ISO/IEC15939 SoftwareMeasurement Process SEICMMi(sm) DOD PracticalSoftware& SystemsMeasurement What?How? HowWell?
19.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 19 OverviewofISO/IEC15939Measurement Describestheworkproducts theprocessproduces,andtheir relationship. Describestheprocessinterms oftasks,rolesand responsibilities. ISO/IEC15939 SoftwareMeasurementStandard Measurement InformationModel Measurement ProcessModel
20.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 20 ISO/IEC15939ProcessModel Evaluate Establish Capability Technical andManagement Processes INFORMATION NEEDS ANALYSISRESULTS ANALYSIS RESULTSAND PERFORMANCE MEASURESIMPROVEMENT ACTIONS ScopeofStandard USERFEEDBACK PlanPerform CoreMeasurementProcess Experience Base MEAS- UREMENT PLAN Processmodel describesthe activitiesand tasksthatan organization shouldperformin ordertosatisfy theinformation needsof managersand executives.
21.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 21 MeasurementInformationModel Informationmodelprovidesa vocabularyandstructurefor describingwhatdataisbeing used,howitishandledand themanagementguidance (“indicators”)thatsupport decision-making. InformationNeeds InformationProduct MeasurableEntity Attribute indicator basemeasure interpretation model method function derivedmeasure
22.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 22 MeasurementActivities Objectivesand Issues Evaluate Measurement Improvement Actions Analysis Resultsand Performance Measures ScopeofPSM UserFeedback AnalysisResults Establish& Sustain Commitment Technicaland Management Processes Perform MeasurementNew Issues Measurement Plan CoreMeasurementProcess Plan Measurement *PSM Formoreinformation:GetthePSMGuidebookfromwww.psmsc.com
23.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 23 EstablishandSustainCommitment Provide Resources Define Responsibilities Obtain Organizational Support Review Measurement Program *PSM
24.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 24 PlanMeasurement Measurement Plan IntegrateInto theProject Processes SelectandSpecify Measures Identifyand Prioritize InformationNeeds NewInformation Needs RiskManagement Information Objectives,Issues ProjectEnvironment ImprovementActions Proposed Changes Proposed Changes *PSM
25.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 25 CommonSourcesofInformationNeeds Measurement Process OrganizationalPolicyTechnicalManagement RiskManagementPlanning&Estimation Current&PastPracticesProgress&Resources Information Needs become requirementsfor Formoreinformation:SeeSTCCrosstalkpaper“Focusing MeasurementontheInformationNeedsofManagers”byP.Baxter. Also,onINCOSEMWGwebsite.
26.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 26 CommonIssueAreas- MeasurementCategories ScheduleandProgress -MilestonePerformance -WorkUnitProgress -IncrementalCapability ProductSizeandStability -PhysicalSizeandStability -FunctionalSizeandStability ResourcesandCost -Personnel -FinancialPerformance -EnvironmentandSupport Resources ProductQuality -FunctionalCorrectness -Supportability-Maintainability -Efficiency -Portability -Usability -Dependability-Reliability ProcessPerformance -ProcessCompliance -ProcessEfficiency -ProcessEffectiveness TechnologyEffectiveness -TechnologySuitability -Impact -TechnologyVolatility CustomerSatisfaction -CustomerFeedback -CustomerSupport *PSM
27.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 27 PerformMeasurement Integrate Collection Procedures Collect Data Analyze&Develop InformationProducts DataStore Communicate ResultsInformationProducts UserFeedback Transformation, analysis, aggregationand guidance
28.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 28 AnalyzeMeasures InformationandNewIssues DataandProjectCharacteristics Status Problems Plans Actuals Performance Analysis Estimates Lackof Information Risks Alternatives ProjectData HistoricalData EstimationPlans Feasibility Analysis *PSM
29.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 29 ImplementationLessonsLearned Startsmall Provideallparticipantswithanadequatelevelofunderstanding Ensureacceptanceofthemeasurementprocess Ensurethatthemeasurementprocessiscost-effective Usetheresultsofthemeasurementprocesstomakedecisions LessonsLearned UsingMeasurementResults *PSM
30.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 30 EvaluateMeasurement Evaluatethe Measurement Process Evaluate Measures andIndicators ImprovementActions MeasurementPlan AnalysisResults PerformanceMeasures UserFeedback Updatethe Experience Base Identifyand Implement Improvements *PSM Formoreinformation:Getthemeasurementeffectivenesssurveyfrom INCOSEMWGwebsitewww.incosemwg.org.
31.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 31 MeasurementAcrossTheOrganization
32.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 32 MeasurementandtheCMMI Level2 •Establishperformancebaselines: –M&APAspecificpractices(activities), –GenericPractices(commonfeatures), –ProjectPlanningPA&ProjectMonitoring&ControlPA •Essentialpreparationforaccomplishinglevel4&5PAs Level3 •MeasurementpracticesarematuredthroughGenericPractices •Measurementdataisstoredinrepositoriesavailablefororganization-wideuse –OrganizationalProcessDefinition(OPD)PAspecificpractice(activity), “Establishandmaintaintheorganization'smeasurementrepository.” •OrganizationalProcessFocus-providestheevaluationandimprovementpractice tocompletethecorrespondenceofCMMImeasurementwithISO15939 •Analysisfocusesonexplicitcomparisonsamongprojects/organizationroll-up Level4&5 •Measurementestablishescrucialbaselinesforcomparisonsmadeamongprojects andacrosstheorganization •Moresophisticatedquantitativeanalysisisused,suchasstatisticalprocess control,structuredmodeling,ormultivariatestatisticalmethods
33.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 33 CausalAnalysisandResolution(CAR) OrganizationalProcessTechnologyInnovation ProcessInnovationDeployment(PID) 5Optimizing 4Quantitatively Managed 3Defined 2Managed Continuous process improvement Quantitative management Process standardization Basic project management QuantitativeManagementofQualityandProcess OrganizationalProcessPerformance(OPP) OrganizationalProcessFocus(OPF) OrganizationalProcessDefinition(OPD) OrganizationalTraining(OT) IntegratedProjectManagement(IPM) RiskManagement(RSKM) DecisionAnalysisandResolution(DAR) CustomerandProductRequirements(CPR) TechnicalSolution(TS) ProductIntegration(PI) ProductVerification(PV) Validation(VAL) IntegratedTeam(IT) OrganizationalEnvironmentforIntegration(OEI) RequirementsManagement(REQM) ProjectPlanning(PP) ProjectMonitoringandControl(PMC) MeasurementandAnalysis(MA) ProcessandProductQualityAssurance(PPQA) ConfigurationManagement(CM) DataManagement(DM) SupplierAgreementManagement(SAM) CollaborativeLeadership(CL) SharedVision(SV) Quality Productivity Risk Rework 1Performed ProcessAreasLevelFocus MaturingMeasurementCapabilities
34.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 34 ScopeofCMMI MeasurementandAnalysis(M&A)ProcessArea Purpose: Developandsustainameasurementcapabilityinsupportofmanagement informationneeds CMMIM&APAinvolves: •Establishing&maintainingmeasurementobjectives •Definingmeasures&proceduresfordatacollection,storageandanalysis •Collectingandanalyzingmeasurementdata •Managing&storingdata,measurementdefinitionsandresults •CommunicatingresultsofM&Aactivitiestoappropriateendusers Goals: Goal1--Measurementobjectivesandpracticesarealignedwith establishedinformationneedsandobjectives. Goal2--Measurementresultsthataddressinformationneedsare available.
35.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 35 Measurement&AnalysisPA Measurement Personnel Define Measures Measurement Repository Collect Data MeasurementIndicators Establish Measurement Objectives Communicate Results Define Analysis Procedures MeasurementPlan Store Data& Results Analyze Data Define Data Collection Procedures Procedures, Tools AlignMeasurementActivities ProvideResults
36.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 36 CMMIFAQs:Measurement&Analysis •Q1.Myorganizationhasinstitutionalizedameasurementprocessthatfocuses onthecollection,analysis,andreportingofmeasurementinformation.Doesthe factthatthisprocessexistsmeanthatwealreadysatisfythegoalofAligning MeasurementandAnalysisActivitiesormustthisgoalbesatisfiedbypractices includedintheprocessitself? •A1.Existenceofameasurementprocesswithinanorganizationcontributes muchtowardssatisfyingthegoalbecausetherewouldprobablybeevidenceof definedmeasures,defineddatacollectionandstorageprocedures,defined analysisprocedures,aswellascollectionofmeasurementdata,analysisof measurementdata,andstorageofmeasurementdataandresults;yetoftentwo primarydeterminantsarelackinginmanyorganizationalmeasurement programs: –Evidencethatmeasurementobjectiveswereestablishedbasedonthe organization-unit’sbusinessneedsandobjectives –Evidencethatmeasurementresultsaresystematicallycommunicatedto respectivestakeholderstosupportdecision-making
37.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 37 •AdHoc,informalmeasurementforplanningandtracking •Appliedinconsistentlyat projectlevel. •Notapplied. Level 1 •Establishhistoricdatabase •Planprojectusingestablishedgoals •Trackprojectprogressusingmeasurement •Analyzevariancesofplanvs.actual •Repeatableandconsistent atProjectLevel. •FocusonProjectMeasures to“plantheprocess”and “trackwithmeasurement”. Isthe project ontrack?Level 2 •Processmeasuresusedtomanagetheprocess •Organizationstandardmeasurementprocess- tailoredforprojects •Measureschosen/addedtoaddressprojectissues •Identificationandprioritizationofimprovement opportunitiesbasedonmeasures •Repeatableandconsistent acrosstheorganization. •FocusonProjectandProcess “usingwell-defineddata”. •Looksatend-product/process. Isthe process working?Level 3 •Detailedmeasuresofperformanceused •Measurescollectedduringprocessand analyzedagainstestablishedintermediate productqualitygoals •Applystatisticaltechniquestoquantitatively understandandcontrol“processcapability” (variationsknown) •Repeatableandconsistent acrosstheorganization. •Focusonproject,process, andproduct. •Measurealsolooksat intermediatecheckpoints. Howis theprocess characterized?Level 4 •Establishquantitativeperformance goalsforprocesseffectivenessand efficiency •Establishquantitativeprocess improvementgoals •Sameaslevel4and... •Continuousmeasurement application. •Focusonprocess effectivenessandefficiency. How canwe optimize? Level 5 Level 0•Nomeasurementperformed AllLevelsAboveLevel0RequireMeasurement Source:INSIGHT, INCOSEjournal, sherad,roedler, gantzer
38.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 38 4.RefiningInformationNeedsintoMeasures Informationneedsarethebasisforspecificriskmeasures. Sampletypesofriskmeasureshavetodowithquantifying: •Howaccurateismyriskmanagementplan?(pastinformation need) •Isprojectmanagementdealingwithan“acceptable”numberof risksbeingfound,mitigatedandclosed?(currentinformation need) •Whatistheoutlookforfutureriskmitigationintermsof probability,impactandbudget?(futureinformationneed) Youshouldrepeatthisactivityusingtheinformationneedsthat comefromthemanagementneedsofyourorganizational processes.
39.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 39 MeasuresintheRiskManagementProcess •Wanttousetheinformationmodel(seepreviousslide) •Refineeachinformationneedinto: –Interpretationguidance –Indicator –Model –Derivedmeasure –Function –Basemeasure –Method –Attributes •Bycreatingthemodelabove,you: –Createacommonunderstandingforthemeasure –Can“re-use”themeasuredefinition –Ensurethatyouareprovidingtheinformationthatmanager’swant –Ensurethatyouarenotcollectingdatathatnonewants
40.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 40 4.1RefiningInformationNeeds: PlanningAccuracyofRiskManagementProcess? InformationProductPlanningAccuracyofRiskManagement Interpretation:Normalrange5–20% InvestigateRiskProcessinrangeof25–50% Re-planRiskManagementwhen>50% Indicator:EscapedRiskPercent(ERp) Model:ERp=100*(RCe/RCt) DerivedMeasures:EscapedRiskCount(RCe) Function:RCe=RCt-RCs BaseMeasure:TotalNumberofRisks(RCt) CurrentRisksThatWereIntheRiskPlan(RCs)
41.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 41 4.2RefiningInformationNeeds: CurrentStateofRiskMitigation InformationProductCurrentStateofRiskMitigation Interpretation:Normalrange0.9–1.05 Investigateinrange:0.75–1.15 Replanrange:<0.75or>1.15 Indicator:RiskGrowthPerformanceIndex(RGPI) RiskCostPerformanceIndex(RCPI) Model:RGPI=CRo/CRc RCPI=Rac/Rec DerivedMeasures:CumOpenRisk(CRo) CumClosedRisks(CRc) Function:CRo=SumofRs(new) CRc=SumofRs(closed) BaseMeasure:TotalNumberofRisks(RCt) RisksbyStatus(new,active,closed)(Rs) ActiveRiskMitigationCosts(Rac) EstimatedRiskMitigationCosts(Rec)
42.
SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 42 4.3RefiningInformationNeeds: EstimateRiskProcessNeeds InformationProductEstimatedCostsofMitigation Interpretation:Normalrange:Estimatew/in10%ofbudget Monitorrange:Estimatew/in30%ofbudget Replanrange:Estimate>30%ofbudget Indicator:EstimatedMitigationCostsPercent(EMCp) (asa%ofriskbudget) Model:EMCp=EMCc/AMC-CMC DerivedMeasures:EstimatedMitigationCost(EMCc) RemainingRiskMitigationBudget(RBr) Function:RBr=RBt–RBtd EMCc=RRp*RRc BaseMeasure:TotalRiskMitigationBudget(RBt) ActualMitigationCostsToDate(RBtd) RemainingRisksbyProbability(RRp) RemainingRisksbyCostImpact(RRc)
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SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 43 5.Summary SEMeasurementistheprocessthat: •Deliverstheinformationthatmanagers needtomonitorandcontroltheirprograms •Supportsorganizationalmanagementand engineeringpolicies •Accommodateschangesinrisk,technology andotherinformationneeds(ienotstatic) •Providesquantitativeevidenceofyour currentstatuswrtplans
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SystemsEngineeringMeasurement INCOSEMeasurementWorkingGroup 44 Contact PeteBaxter,INCOSEMWGChair DistributiveSoftware pbaxter@distributive.com 540-372-4500x201 ChrisMiller,INCOSEMWGCo-chair SoftwareProductivityConsortium miller@software.org MWGwebsite:www.incosemwg.org
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