1. Simulation of RFID System
using OMNeT++
Presented by: Paula Hanna
ID#: 25-2029
Supervised by: Dr. Mohamed Ashour
2. Too much time wasted in
queues
Scanning time is too slow
2
Wasted Time
3. Effort and time wasted in
inventories
Wasted Effort
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4. Outline
1. Introduction to RFID
2. System Components
3. Mechanism of the System
4. Aim of the Project
5. Project Tools
6. Implementation Steps
7. Demo Simulation
8. Conclusion & Future Work
4
5. Introduction to RFID
• Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic identification
technology.
• Advantages: identification of several objects at same time, non line
of sight, long distances, tags carrying more data.
• More practical than traditional bar-codes.
• Frequency range is from 860 to 960 MHz .
5
7. Mechanism of the System
• Reader is the main source of power.
• Reader emits a field of EMW.
• EMW power the chip of Tag.
• Tag replies with its identification number.
Tag
Tag
Tag
Tag
Tag
Reader
Tag
Tag
Tag
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8. Managing Tag Population
Reader manages Tag population
through:
Choosing one or more Tags.
Identifying individual Tags.
Communication with an identified Tag.
Select
Inventory
Access
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9. Aim of the Project
• Enhance an existing RFID model.
-Network of Reader and Tags
-Reader and Tag as one entity
-No layering
• Cross-layer RFID model.
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10. Project Tools
1. OMNeT++
• Component based C++
simulation library
• Eclipse-based IDE
• GUI support
2. MiXiM
• OMNeT++ modeling
framework
• Having ready models
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11. Implementation Steps
RFID model topology
RFID Network
Reader TagsConnection
Manager
App NICNetworkNIC AppNetwork
MAC PHY PHY MACAnalogue
Model
Decider
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13. RFID Network
• One Reader Node
• Number of Tag Nodes
• Connection Manager:
Managing connection between nodes
of same channel.
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14. Reader and Tag Nodes
• Application Layer Module
• Network Layer Module
• NIC Module
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15. NIC Module
NIC Module
MAC
• RFReaderMac:
Sending logical commands by
reader.
• RFTagMac:
Receiving logical commands by
tags and sending replies.
PHY
• Analogue Model: simulates
effects affecting the signal
• Decider: evaluates received
signals
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16. Packets Flow
• handleLowerControl: decides which
type of packet to be sent down to PHY.
• handleUpperMsg: deals with packets
coming from MAC to PHY
• handleAirFrame: deals with packets
coming from the channel to the PHY
• handleLowerMSG: deals with messages
coming from PHY to MAC
Sender Receiver
MAC
handleLowerControl
PHY
handleUpperMsg
Channel
PHY
handleAirFrame
MAC
handleLowerMSG
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17. Select
• Reader Sends Select packet having all its
parameters.
• Tag state Ready
Reader
Tag
Tag
Tag
Tag
Select
Select
Select
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18. Query
Reader Sends Query packet
• Tags set slot counter
Reply
• Tag state or
Arbitrate
Reader
Tag
Tag
Tag
Tag
Query
Query
Query
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19. RN16
• Tag with slot counter 0 replies
with RN16 packet
• Tag state Reply
• Other Tags state Arbitrate
Reader
Tag
Tag
Tag
Tag
RN16
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20. ACK
• Reader sends ACK packet to that
Tag.
• Only tag with slot counter = 0
receives the packet
Acknowledged
• Tag state or
Arbitrate
Reader
Tag
Tag
Tag
Tag
ACK
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21. EPC
Tag checks its RN16 with that
coming in the ACK packet, and if
same the tag replies with its EPC in
the EPC packet
Reader
Tag
Tag
Tag
Tag
EPC
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22. QueryRep
• Reader sends QueryRep packet specifying the
session.
• Tags compares their current session with the
session of the coming packet, if equal tags
decrement slot counter by 1.
Ready; chosen before
• Tag state Arbitrate; slot ≠ 0
Reply; slot = 0
Reader
Tag
Tag
Tag
Tag
QueryRep
QueryRep
QueryRep
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23. Collision
• Two or more Tag with same
slot counter
• Discard
• Tags wait for Query packets
RN16
RN16
Reader
Tag
Tag
Tag
Tag
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25. Conclusion & Future Work
• RFID Cross-layer Model
• Successful communication
between Reader and Tag
• All Select and Inventory
Commands
• Improve handling collisions
• Access commands
Conclusion
Future Work
25
28. References
[1] R. Want, “An Introduction to RFID Technology,” IEEE CS and IEEE ComSoc, vol. 5,
no. 1, Santa Clara, 2006, pp. 25-33.
[2] EPC global Gen 2 Specification, 2015 [Online]. Available:
http://www.gs1.org/sites/default/files/docs/epc/Gen2_Protocol_Standard.pdf
[3] CSols.com (Laboratory Systems Integration). [Online]. Available:
http://www.csols.com/wordpress/tag/rfid/
[4] MiXiM simulator for wireless and mobile networks using OMNeT++. [Online].
Available: http://mixim.sourceforge.net
[5] Brooks.com (RFID Reader). [Online]. Available:
http://www.brooks.com/applications-by-industry/rfid/rfid-basics/rfid-
components/rfid-reader
[6] K. Wessel, et al., "MiXiM: the physical layer an architecture overview," 2nd
International Workshop on OMNeT++, Rome, Italy, 2009.
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