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Menyiasat Bahan-bahan
Asid dan Alkali
Sifat-sifat Bahan Asid, alkali dan neutral
1. Bahan boleh dikelaskan sebagai bahan asid, alkali, dan neutral berdasarkan sifat-sifatnya.
2. Sifat-sifat bahan boleh ditentukan dengan:
a) menggunakan kertas litmus.
b) merasa
3. Terdapat dua jenis kertas litmus:
a) kertas litmus merah
b) kertas litmus biru
4. Tindak balas kertas litmus:
a) Bahan berasid menukarkan kertas litmus biru lembap kepada merah.
(asid = biru – merah) (asbim)
b) Bahan beralkali menukarkan kertas litmus merah lembap kepada biru.
(alkali = merah – biru) (almeb)
c) Bahan neutral tidak menukar warna mana-mana kertas litmus.
5. Makanan yang berlainan mempunyai rasa yang berlainan.
6. Kita boleh membezakan rasa makanan dengan lidah.
a) bahan berasid mempunyai rasa masam.
b) bahan beralkali mempunyai rasa pahit.
c) bahan neutral boleh jadi manis, masin, atautidak mempunyai rasa.
7. Contoh:
a) Makanan berasid – asam jawa, jus oren, tomato, limau, dadih, cuka, belimbing,
brokoli.
b) Makanan beralkali – serbuk penaik, peria,
bahan beralkali - sabun, pencuci, syampu, ubat gigi.
c) bahan neutral – air mineral, gula, garam, nasi
Aktiviti:
Tujuan:
Untuk menyiasat hubungan antara jenis bahan dengan pertukaran warna kertas litmus.
Bahan dan radas:
Kertas litmus biru dan merah, piring petri,
Sampel makanan: cuka, jus limau, larutan gula, larutan garam, air mineral, larutan serbuk penaik,
bahan rumah : syampu, pencuci
Inferens:
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
Langkah:
1. Semua bahan diuji dengan menggunakan kertas litmus biru dan merah aeperti ditunjukkan dalam rajah.
2. Penukaran warna pada kertas litmus diperhatikan dan dicatatkan.
3. Sampel makanan di rasa dengan lidah dengan menggunakan rod kaca yang bersih dan keputusan dicatatkan
dalam jadual.
Keputusan:
Bahan
Penukaran warna kertas litmus
Rasa Sifat-sifat
Kertas litmus biru Kertas litmus merah
Cuka
Jus limau
Larutan gula
Larutan garam
Air mineral
Serbuk penaik
Syampu
Pencuci
Pemerhatian:
1. Cuka, jus limau, menukarkan warna kertas litmus biru kepada warna merah kerana bahan-bahan ini berasid.
2. Serbuk penaik, syampu dan pencuci menukarkan kertas litmus merah kepada biru kerana bahan-bahan ini
beralkali.
3. Larutan gula, larutan garam, dan air mineral tidak menukarkan warna kedua-dua kertas litmus kerana bahan-
bahan ini adalah neutral.
Kesimpulan:
1. Bahan berasid menukarkan warna kertas litmus biru kepada merah dan mempunyai rasa masam.
2. Bahan beralkali menukarkan warna kertas litmus merah kepada biru dan mempunyai rasa pahit.
3. Bahan neutral tidak menukarkan warna kertas litmus biru atau merah dan mempunyai rasa sama ada manis,
masin, atau tiada rasa.

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Menyiasat bahan

  • 1. Menyiasat Bahan-bahan Asid dan Alkali Sifat-sifat Bahan Asid, alkali dan neutral 1. Bahan boleh dikelaskan sebagai bahan asid, alkali, dan neutral berdasarkan sifat-sifatnya. 2. Sifat-sifat bahan boleh ditentukan dengan: a) menggunakan kertas litmus. b) merasa 3. Terdapat dua jenis kertas litmus: a) kertas litmus merah b) kertas litmus biru 4. Tindak balas kertas litmus: a) Bahan berasid menukarkan kertas litmus biru lembap kepada merah. (asid = biru – merah) (asbim) b) Bahan beralkali menukarkan kertas litmus merah lembap kepada biru. (alkali = merah – biru) (almeb) c) Bahan neutral tidak menukar warna mana-mana kertas litmus. 5. Makanan yang berlainan mempunyai rasa yang berlainan. 6. Kita boleh membezakan rasa makanan dengan lidah. a) bahan berasid mempunyai rasa masam. b) bahan beralkali mempunyai rasa pahit. c) bahan neutral boleh jadi manis, masin, atautidak mempunyai rasa. 7. Contoh: a) Makanan berasid – asam jawa, jus oren, tomato, limau, dadih, cuka, belimbing, brokoli. b) Makanan beralkali – serbuk penaik, peria, bahan beralkali - sabun, pencuci, syampu, ubat gigi. c) bahan neutral – air mineral, gula, garam, nasi Aktiviti: Tujuan: Untuk menyiasat hubungan antara jenis bahan dengan pertukaran warna kertas litmus. Bahan dan radas: Kertas litmus biru dan merah, piring petri, Sampel makanan: cuka, jus limau, larutan gula, larutan garam, air mineral, larutan serbuk penaik, bahan rumah : syampu, pencuci Inferens: _______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ Langkah: 1. Semua bahan diuji dengan menggunakan kertas litmus biru dan merah aeperti ditunjukkan dalam rajah. 2. Penukaran warna pada kertas litmus diperhatikan dan dicatatkan.
  • 2. 3. Sampel makanan di rasa dengan lidah dengan menggunakan rod kaca yang bersih dan keputusan dicatatkan dalam jadual. Keputusan: Bahan Penukaran warna kertas litmus Rasa Sifat-sifat Kertas litmus biru Kertas litmus merah Cuka Jus limau Larutan gula Larutan garam Air mineral Serbuk penaik Syampu Pencuci Pemerhatian: 1. Cuka, jus limau, menukarkan warna kertas litmus biru kepada warna merah kerana bahan-bahan ini berasid. 2. Serbuk penaik, syampu dan pencuci menukarkan kertas litmus merah kepada biru kerana bahan-bahan ini beralkali. 3. Larutan gula, larutan garam, dan air mineral tidak menukarkan warna kedua-dua kertas litmus kerana bahan- bahan ini adalah neutral. Kesimpulan: 1. Bahan berasid menukarkan warna kertas litmus biru kepada merah dan mempunyai rasa masam. 2. Bahan beralkali menukarkan warna kertas litmus merah kepada biru dan mempunyai rasa pahit. 3. Bahan neutral tidak menukarkan warna kertas litmus biru atau merah dan mempunyai rasa sama ada manis, masin, atau tiada rasa.