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How Your Diet Influences Cancer Risk
- 1. SLIDESMANIA.COM Diet & Cancer 101 How What You Eat Can Influence Cancer
- 2. SLIDESMANIA.COM Hello! I’m dT. Najwa Metro Specialist Hospital Member of Malaysian Dietitian Association Bachelor of Dietetics with Honours (IIUM)
- 3. SLIDESMANIA.COM 01 Cancer is a large group of diseases that occur when abnormal cells divide rapidly and able to spread to other tissue and organs. Cancer accounted 1 in 6 deaths in 2020 What is cancer?
- 6. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM Causes of cancer Main cause of cancer is mutations, or changes to DNA in your cells. It can be inherited. External causes, called carcinogens, can include: ● Physical carcinogens (radiation & ultraviolet (UV) light) ● Chemical carcinogens (cigarette smoke, asbestos, alcohol, air pollution, and contaminated food and drinking water. ● Biological carcinogens (viruses, bacteria & parasites)
- 7. SLIDESMANIA.COM 33% of cancer deaths caused by: tobacco alcohol high body mass index (bmi) low fruit & vegetables consumption lack of physical activity
- 9. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM Biggest Risk Factor for Cancer Increase in three key ways : Overweight or obese increased cancer risk Being overweight or obese increases your risk of 13 different types of cancer, including the oesophagus, colon, pancreas, kidney and breast cancer after menopause. ● Excess body fat contribute to insulin resistance. ● Obese people have higher levels of cytokines in their blood which encourages cell to divides. ● Fat cell contribute increased oestrogen level which increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancer in postmenopausal women.
- 10. SLIDESMANIA.COM Cancer and healthy lifestyle connections Leadingcauses of death worlwide. Growing evidence points to healthy dietary habits decreasing cancer risk. Also important role in treating and coping with cancer. Simplelifestylechangescouldprevent30%-50% of all cancers. Many studies have repeatedly indicated high consumptionof certainfood may increase the likelihoodof developing cancer. Large intake of certainfood increasecancerrisk. Cancers are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortallity worldwide.It is expected to rise significantly over the next decades.
- 11. SLIDESMANIA.COM Sugar and Refined Carbohydrates Foods may increase cancer risk Processed Meat Overcooked Food Salt 01 02 03 04
- 12. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM Processed food that high in carbohydrate Avoid simple carbohydrates Sugar and Refined Carbohydrates ● Processed food that are high in sugar and low in fiber and nutrients have been linked to a higher cancer risk ● Diet that cause blood glucose levels to spike lead to increased risk of several cancers;stomach, breast and colorectal cancers ● High blood glucose has been shown to stimulate cell division, supporting growth and spread of cancer cells. ● People with diabetes may have higher risk to get cancer (especially colorectal cancer)
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- 17. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM What is processed meat Colorectal cancer Processed meat ● Processed meat refers to meat that has been treated to preserve flavor by undergoing salting, curing or smoking. ● Example: hot dogs, ham, bacon, burger patty and some deli meats. ● Consuming processed eat increased cancer risk, particularly colorectal cancer (20-50%) ● Red meat also contribute increasing risk of cancer.
- 18. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM How does processed and red meat cause cancer? So far, research has linked 3 chemicals to increased bowel risk. These chemicals are either naturally found in meat, added during processing or produced when cooking: • haem (a red pigment found mostly in red meat); • nitrates and nitrites (used to keep processed meat fresher for longer); and • heterocyclic amines and polycyclic amines (produced when meat is cooked at high temperatures) All 3 can damage the cells in our bowel, and it’s the accumulation of this damage over time that increases cancer risk.
- 22. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM What is overcooked food High Temperature is Bad Overcooked food ● Cooking certain foods at high temperatures, such as grilling, frying, sauteing, broiling and barbeque, can produce harmful compounds like heterocyclic amine (HA) & advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) ● Certain foods are most likely to produce these harmful compounds when subjected to high temperatures. ● Example: red meat, certain cheese, fried eggs, butter, margarine ● Choose gentler cooking methods especially when cooking meat.
- 25. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM salt ● There is some evidence that eating too much salty food, or food that has been preserved with salt, could increase the risk of stomach cancer. ● Damaging the lining of the stomach and causing inflammation, or by making the stomach lining more sensitive to carcinogens such as nitrates. ● Salt could also interact with a stomach bug called Helicobacter pylori that cause both stomach ulcers and stomach cancer.
- 27. SLIDESMANIA.COM Nutrition is complex, it is depending on how they’re cultivated, processed, stored and cooked Some of the anti-cancer groups we discussed later…
- 28. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM Higher consumption of vegetables with a lower risk cancer vegetables ● Manyvegetables containcancer-fightingantioxidantsandphytochemicals ● Cruciferous vegetablescontainsulforaphane,a substance that has been shown to reduce tumor size by more than 50%. ● Other vegetablessuch as tomatoesand carrots are linkedto decreased risk of prostate, stomach and lung cancer.
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- 30. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM Similar properties with vegetables fruits ● Containantioxidantsand other phytochemicalswhichmay helpin prevent cancer. ● The associationwithfruit and vegetableintake was marginally significant in current smokers and inverse but not significantin former or never smokers. ● A study shows 3 serving of citrus per week reduced stomach cancer risk by 28%
- 32. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM flaxseeds ● Men with prostate cancer taking 30g or about 4 ¼ tablespoons of ground flaxseed daily experienced slower growth and spread than other control group. ● Similar results were found in women with breast cancer.
- 33. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM Good sources for high fiber Beans,legumes & nuts ● 3500 people found that those eating the most legumes had up to 50% lower risk of certain types of cancer. ○ Higher intake of legumes was associated with a decreased risk of several cancer including upper digestive tract, stomach, kidney, breast, prostate or bladder. But not lung.
- 36. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM Olive oil consumption seems to exert beneficial actions Olive Oil ● One large review of observational studies found that people who consumed the highest amount of olive oil had a 42% lower risk of cancer, compared to the control group.
- 37. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM Able to reduce inflammation fish ● 41 studies found that regularly eating fish reduced the rick of colorectal cancer by 12% ● This also due to high Omega 3 that have strong properties for anti-inflammation. ● Even for treatment, Omega 3 is vital for cancer survivor.
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- 39. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM dairy ● Moderate consumption of high-quality dairy products, such as raw milk, fermented milk products and milk from grass-fed cows, may have protective effects ● High beneficial fatty acid, conjugated linoleic acid and fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E and K) ● However, high consumption of mass-produced and processed dairy products may increased risk of cancer.
- 41. SLIDESMANIA.COM Superfood exist? ● No single food can protect against cancer. ● A holistic dietary approach is likely to be most beneficial. ● Optimal diet for cancer may reduce your risk by 70% and would likely help recoveryfrom cancer as well.
- 42. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM What is healthy diet? ● Though there are no miracle superfoods that can prevent cancer, some evidence suggests that dietary habits can offer protection. ● A healthy diet has lots of fruit and vegetables, wholegrains, like brown rice or brown pasta, and healthy sources of protein like beans or fresh chicken ● When thinking about eating healthily, a good place to start is how much space each of these things takes up on your plate.
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- 51. SLIDESMANIA.COM Thank you! Do you have any questions? najwa.othman@hospitalmetro.com