Femal genital cutting

3. Female Genital Cutting (FGC)
OR
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)

4. A number of traditional operations that involve cutting
away or injuring parts of female external genitalia for
non medical reason
To girls in childhood or early adolescence
By Traditional Birth Attendants(TBAs), without
anesthesia and sterile equipment

5. 80% - 97 % in rural and low income urban areas

7. Type I: (Sunna)
Removing the prepuce of clitoris, sometimes along
with parts or all clitoris.
Type II :(Excision )
Removing clitoris and part or all labia minora

8. Removing clitoris, part or all labia minora and
inner surface of labia majora, which is stitched
together leaving small opening to allow passage
of urine and menstrual blood
Type III:(Infibulation )

9. Type IV:
All other harmful procedures to the female
genitalia for non-medical purposes, eg,
pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and
cauterizing (burning) the genital area..

13. Socio-cultural Reasons
♣ Family traditions
♣ Misbelieve about religion
♣ A belief that FGC ensure purity, innocence and
prevent sexual immorality
♣ Esthetic reasons
♣ Enhancement of husband’s sexual pleasure

16. Immediate medical complications:
to surrounding genital tissues
*Injuries
*Bleeding
*severe pain
*Urinary retention
*Sepsis
*Shock
*Death

17. Remote medical complications
• Vaginal problems (Abnormal discharge,
itching)
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID )&Infertility
• Menstrual problems (painful menstruations,
difficulty in passing menstrual blood)
• sexual problems (pain during intercourse,
decreased satisfaction).

18. Remote medical complications
• Urinary problems (painful urination, urinary
tract infections).
• Keloid (thick scar tissue)
• Childbirth complications (difficult delivery,
excessive bleeding, caesarean section, Newborn
injuries ,Need to resuscitate the baby).

19. ♣ Chronic irritability
♣ Anxiety reactions
♣ Depressive episodes
Social complications
♣ Violation ‫انتهاك‬to girls right
♣ Interferes with her identity and body
integrity
♣ Marriage conflicts end by divorce
Psychological complications

20. Since 1997, great efforts have been made to counteract
FGM, through research, increase communities
awareness, and changes in public policy.
In 2008, WHO together with nine other United Nations
partners, issued a statement on the elimination of FGM
to support increased advocacy for its abandonment
called: (Eliminating female genital mutilation)
In 2010, WHO published the "Global strategy to stop
health care providers from performing female
genital mutilation" in collaboration with other key UN
agencies and international organizations. WHO
supports countries to implement this strategy.
International management

21. -No strong religious evidences that
impose FGM
-Most physicians agree that FGM is harmful
-Measures to raise community awareness
about the harmful consequences of FGC
are being undertaken
National management