1. Answer to the question no. 1
According to the data of the table 2.4, labor force participation rate
for the period of 1999-2000,for male and female jointly and separately
varies with the age group. Because when they start working in the age of
15 they are inexperienced and their physical capability is not perfect as
demand but as they grow they are more experienced by their work and
they are more physically eligible for work. They have more energy
which can help them to complete their task. When they grow more like
in the age of 60 to 63 they are more experienced but they are physically
not capable like before. As a result their participation rate will be
reduced. Actually their participation rate starts reducing at the age of 50
to53 but at a low rate.
Graph: Work force participation rate
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+
M & F
Male
Female
2. In the graph we can see that participation rate in the age group of 15-19
is lowest for male and female jointly and separately and their
participation rate is increasing with their age. But in the age of 50 for
male and 45 for female their participation rate start reducing. But in the
age of 60 to 63 their participation rate is in decline situation.
Answer to the question No.2
According to the table 2.5, At a national level, Marital Status has an
impact on the LFPR of men and women. The highest female LFPR is for
women who have never married, whereas never married men have a
much lower LFPR than married men. Married men have the highest
LFPR, while married women have the lowest LFPR of the two marital
status groups.
3. Answer to the question No.3
Top 5 sectors that employ the most no. of male labor
1. Agri, forestry & related 50.2
2. Wholesale & retail trade 16.7
3. Transport, storage,
communication service
7.7
4. Manufacturing 7.4
5. Communication and personal
service, household & others
3.9
Top 5 sectors that employ the most no. of female labor
1. Agri, forestry & related 45.6
2. Communication and personal service,
household & others
18.8
3. Manufacturing 17.7
4. Wholesale & retail trade 6.3
5. Education 3.8
4. In Bangladesh education rate of male is higher than female and also
female are not physically strong than male. Beside that some social and
religious responsibility and female are also closely related with
household works than male. These are the main reason of differences.
Answer to the question No.4
(a)
The wages rates for female workers are much lower than those for
male workers in Bangladesh (refer table 6.1). The ratio between the male
and female wage rate increased in the rural/agricultural sector from 1.4
in 1989 to 1.8 in 1995-96 and was still 1.8 in 1999-2000.In rural area,
the wages rates for men have grown much more dramatically than the
female wages.
In urban areas,, the male-female wage ratio declined –it was 2.2,
1.7 and 1.4 in 1989, 1995-96 and1999-2000. During this ten year period
there was a rise in job opportunities for women in urban areas, which
was instrumental in raising female wage rates. This rise may be due to
increase in skill, experience and educational levels of female.
(b)
There are several reasons for the low wage rates of woman like less
bargaining power, social factors, job segmentation etc.
Less bargaining power means they can’t bargain with their boss for their
own rights, benefits and compensation.
5. There are also some social factors in Bangladesh which are the barriers
to get the appropriate wage like women are dominated by men for years
to years and if they say something about it they will be tortured by
physically and mentally.
