NASA PROJECT( WALE-A MARJ SPACE TEAM CREATION)

2
S.NO NAME CLASS AGE
1. Mathesh 9 14
2. Allen Johny 9 14
3. Rahul Krishnan 9 15
4. Jeremy Vivian
Rufus
9 14

`
7
S . NO CHAPTER PAGE
NO
1 INTRODUCTION TO
OUR SPACE COLONY
- “WALE”
10
2 PLACEMENT &
LOCATION OF WALE
14
3 ASTEROID MINING 20
4 CHOOSING THE
SHAPE OF WALE
23
5 CONSTRUCTION OF
WALE
25
6 GRAVITY 41
7 OXYGEN 49

8
S . NO CHAPTER PAGE
NO
8 WATER 57
9 FOOD 61
10 LIFE DESIGN 67
11 POWER 77
12 WASTE
MANAGEMENT
84
13 DEFENSE OF
WALE
98
14 TRANSPORTATION 117

9
S . NO CHAPTER PAGE
NO
15 COMMUNICATION 129
16 RECREATIONAL
ACTIVITIES
133
17 GOVERNMENT 139
18 FINANCE &
DEMOGRAPHY
146
19 CONCLUSION 150
20 BIBILOGRAPHY 151

“MARJ SPACE TEAM” main concept
is to follow “PETER DIAMONDS”
principle .Our aim is to think wider
about space development . Our main
goal is to set up wale in space &
create a beautiful space settlement
for Humans
10

Our logo is a hand made logo. This
logo consist of our construction shape
four hybrid torus and a cylinder
Our half shaded “WA” denotes for
an attraction and the lightning
denotes the strength of WALE. Even
lightning passes through it we will be
staying stronger.
13

Wale location will be between Mars 2
moons (Phobos and Deimos ) in
the
“
”.
It is about 10,750kms away from
the “Phobos”. The construction of
WALE will be started from 2035 in
AREOSTATIONARY ORBIT.
16

19
WALE will be placed in the
marked point between
PHOBOS & DEIMOS

HOW MINING IS DONE?
Doing Mining in Wale is a greater
challenge . But any how we made
it easier to look.
Mining is done when an asteroid
passes to wale it attaches to wale
and mining process starts there. This
mining help us in electronic goods in
wale such as smart dust space ship
etc.
The same will be applicable for
extracting the minerals from Mars
Phobos & Deimos 22

24
SHAPE ADVANTAGES DIS
ADVANTAGES
We can easily
access 0 gravity
zone.
There will be a
Stable
construction.
( SPHERE )
More materials
needed , so more
capital also
needed.
It is so
complicated to
construct a sphere.
o The shape is
symmetrical , so
that it is easy to
break of.
( DUMBBELS )
It is so small to
contain all the
humans inside.
There may be a
problem with
connection
between 2 parts
Unlike dumbbell
Torus has a large
living space.
Whole inner
part consists of
Gravity.
Constructions
should be
complete , to have
Gravity.
(TORUS)
Easy to
construct.
The shape is
very stable &
secure.
(CYLINDER)
This takes more
money to
construct.
Not so free
access to Gravity

The reasons for choosing HYBRID TORUS &
CYLINDER is:-
There is a stable constructions between these
shapes.
Easy to access gravity.
Not much time & money required.
Motion will be continuous.
If any, problem happened we can easily solve
it of.
Very huge living space.
Comparing to other shapes disadvantages are
much lower.
27

Choosing the Size:-
We made many calculations for
the comfortable Living sizes of the
each torus for Wale. A huge living
space is good but on the other
hand we should see the other
facilities such as Gravity
Recreational section , etc.
The given construction can be
explained below:
29

The length and the width of the 1st
torus:
30
1200m
120m

The length and the width of the second
torus:
31
1300m
160m

The length and the width of the third
torus:
32
1500m
180m

The length and the width of the fourth
torus is:
33
1700m
200m

34
A PAINTED PICTURE OF HYBRID TORUS
OF WALE. There are about 4 torus in wale.
This ensures us a large amount of habitat
for humans.

This is the first torus & the upper
layer WALE. The torus surface is fully
covered with detectors .As this is the
first layer of wale to excess the extra
waste , the WASTE MANAGEMENT
section in this Torus is so huge. 35

36
This is the second torus & the
middle layer WALE. The torus surface
is fully covered with detectors . The
opposite side of torus have solar
panels.

37
This is the third torus & the
middle layer WALE. The torus surface
is fully covered with detectors . This
section of WALE will have a large
section of humans , as there is a
large for humans to live.

38
This is the fourth torus & the
bottom layer of WALE. The torus
surface is fully covered with
detectors . The Recreational section is
big while compared to others in it.

39
The cylinder of WALE acts as a carrier
of materials to all parts of WALE. It is
connected to the torus of Wale by
Some Turbines attached to it.

As per we told our main aim was on
GRAVITY . But our shape can produce
Gravity but on 1 condition every
compartment should be fully finished
to have gravity.
So at last we made a conclusion that
we can rotate the wale & utilize the
“INERTIAL FORCES” , so that we can
simulate “GRAVITY". This is one of the
way. we have discussed many other
ways below
Below We mentioned about Artificial
Gravity:- 42
GRAVITY

• Artificial gravity is the theoretical increase
or decrease of apparent gravity (g-force)
via artificial means, particularly in
space, but also on Earth. It can be
practically achieved by the use of different
forces, particularly the centripetal
force and linear acceleration.
• The creation of artificial gravity is
considered desirable for long-term space
travel or habitation, for ease of mobility, for
in-space fluid management, and to avoid
the adverse long-term health effects of
weightlessness.
43

GRAVITY
There may be also another ways to
generate gravity . There are by:
1. By ROTATION :-
Wale can be kept in
rotation , so that it may create
artificial Gravity in itself.
2. By PSUEDO GRAVITY:-
It is also the same
procedure like rotation , but in this
process same rotation with a high
speed can access to a easy Gravitation.
44

• A number of methods for generating
artificial gravity have been proposed
for many years, as well as an even
larger number of science
fiction approaches using both real
and fictitious forces. Practical outer
space applications of artificial gravity
for humans have not yet been built
and flown, principally due to the large
size of the spacecraft that would be
required to allow centripetal
acceleration rotating spacecraft.
45

• A rotating spacecraft will produce the
feeling of gravity on its inside hull. The
rotation drives any object inside the
spacecraft toward the hull, thereby giving
the appearance of a gravitational pull
directed outward. Often referred to as
a centrifugal force, the "pull" is actually a
manifestation of the objects inside the
spacecraft attempting to travel in a straight
line due to inertia. The spacecraft's hull
provides the centripetal force required for
the objects to travel in a circle (if they
continued in a straight line, they would
leave the spacecraft's confines). Thus, the
gravity felt by the objects is simply the
reaction force of the object on the hull
reacting to the centripetal force of the hull
on the object, in accordance with Newton's
Third Law.
46

• The spacecraft's hull provides
the centripetal force required for the
objects to travel in a circle (if they
continued in a straight line, they
would leave the spacecraft's
confines). Thus, the gravity felt by the
objects is simply the reaction force of
the object on the hull reacting to the
centripetal force of the hull on the
object, in accordance with Newton's
Third Law.
47

• Calculations:
g = Decimal fraction of Earth gravity
R = Radius from center of rotation in
meters
∏ = 3.14159
rpm = revolutions per minute
48

OXYGEN
Oxygen is essential for life to exist. In
wale also without oxygen there will be
no life as like in earth.
So we came across many solutions for
providing oxygen. In earth there are
21% of oxygen.
But we need to provide oxygen which is
comfortable for human to exist.
So at last we made a conclusion that we
can take oxygen from Martian
atmosphere.
50

So for getting Oxygen in the WALE , we will
use DAVIS method.
As WALE is near Mars , the oxygen can be
obtained from Martian atmosphere.
Martian atmosphere mainly consists of
Carbon di oxide.
So by Davis method we can get Oxygen
by constructing a tube Mars to Wale &
heating it argon -carbon dioxide 6527
degree Celsius. The obtained Oxygen can
be released in Wale for breathing.
There are also other methods by which we get
oxygen.
Some are mentioned below.
51

52
Carbon di oxide Nitrogen Argon Other
Carbon di oxide – 95.32%
Nitrogen – 2.6%
Argon - 1.6%
Others – 0.38%

• On Earth, we have a constant supply of
fresh. The plants take in carbon dioxide and
release oxygen in air. We breathe in oxygen
and breathe out carbon dioxide. These
gases get recycled by plants through the
process of photosynthesis . It's a wonderful
cycle on a vast scale.
• THERE ARE THREE WAYS BY WHICH WE GET
OXYGEN:
• Oxygen generators
• Pressurized oxygen tanks
• Solid fuel oxygen generators(oxygen
candles)
53

The primary method is accomplished by
the oxygen generators: the Russian-
made Electron and the U.S.
Environmental Control and Life Support
System (ECLSS).
These devices make oxygen from water by
a process called electrolysis, during
which an electric current passes through
water from one positively-charged
electrode called an anode to another
negatively-charged electrode called a
cathode.
54

• There's a small concentration of salt in the
water to conduct electricity because water
itself is a poor electrical conductor. In the
process, water gets split into hydrogen gas and
oxygen gas. Here's how the chemistry of the
process works:
• At the cathode, a type of reaction
called reduction occurs. Electrons (e-) from the
cathode combine with the water (H2O) to
make hydrogen gas (H2) and hydroxide ions
(OH-): 2H2O (l) + 2e- ->H2 (g) + 2 OH- .
• At the anode, a type of reaction
called oxidation occurs. Electrons get removed
from water and flow into the anode. Removing
the electrons from water yields oxygen gas (O2)
and hydrogen ions (H+): 2H2O (l) -> O2 (g) + 4 e-
+ 4 H+
55

Method used for separating hydrogen and
oxygen molecules.
56

WATER
Water is a vital source for human life.
Without water human life cannot exist.
Water has many role to play in our life:
• It helps to purify our blood.
• It helps us to maintain our blood
pressure.
• We use water for bathing, washing our
clothes etc.
• It helps to digest our food.
• We need at least to drink about 6 liters
of water.
58

WALE consists of about 16,800 people
so we need to setup an 100% recycle
of waste water compartment , where
the water will be purely cleaned .
There will be a Generator connected
Tank in Wale to do this. Excess water
will be sent to Waste Management
compartment. Also from the Waste
Management Compartment the Water
will be taken for Hydro Electricity.
Even the cargo ship transporting from
Earth to Wale will accommodate
enough amount of water for the
consumption of people in Wale.
59
WATER

60
Water is been taken to generator connected tank

Food is not a big matter in WALE.
We can get food by :-
i. Pressure boosting system can be
used so that Plants can grow &
we can keep Gardening.
ii. Bee hive can be kept in Wale.
63
FOOD

WHY PRESSURE BOOSTING SYSTEM:
The pressure boosting system is used
because if we use soil its fertility will
be lost and it cannot be maintained.
The earth’s soil will lead to biological
contamination.
TYPES OF PLANTS CULTIVATED IN WALE:
The vegetables like potato, peas, green
vegetables, soy have been proved that
it won’t affect even when we eat it in
the low gravity area.
Animal Husbandry can be practiced
in farms. 65

III. We can also transport Food goods
(for gardening) from Earth to
WALE.
IV. Animal Husbandry can be done in
WALE.
66Gardening in WALE

Wale’s Life design structure is
designed beautiful as like Earth.
Houses are arranged in a Perfect
way in each & every Torus
allocating special place for Play
grounds, Schools, offices ,houses
Movie halls , roads , Engineering
sections etc.
Every house in Wale all 2 blocks
which make comfortable in living
68

69
The beautiful Inner view of Wale

70
The beautiful Inner view of Wale with a
lake & a House.

LIFE DESIGN:
Our main aim for our life design is to
create a comfortable settlement for all
the people.
The houses and the area are divided
equally.
There are parks, swimming pools , tennis
courts, cricket ground etc.
They have been kept clean always.
71

• The houses built in Wale are made up
of metals.
• The houses are more comfortable for
living .
• People of Wale will be placed in the
torus according to the size of the
torus.
• The first torus will contain 9000
houses and in that 5000 are flats and
4000 houses are independent houses.
• The second torus will contain 4000
houses and in that 2500 are flats and
1500 are independent houses.
72

• The third torus contains 2000 houses
and in that 1000 are flats and 1000
are independent houses.
• And finally the fourth torus contains
1800 houses and in that 800 are flats
and 1000 are independent houses.
73

KITCHEN BED ROOM
STAIR
CASE
DINNING HALL
HALL
BED ROOM STORE ROOM 76

POWER MANAGEMENT
In earth there are many ways to
generate electricity such as
solar, hydro, wind, nuclear
plants, etc.
In Wale it is very important for the
generation of electricity for every
uses such as for high speed
elevators, electric cars for charging of
robots etc.
78

• Kj
Wale is in space where it can get
Sunlight easily. Even though it is
near Mars the half of the Wale
receives sun light so second & third
Torus section has 2 Solar panels
opposite to each other.
There will be a solar generator
section where it converts solar
energy into Electrical energy.
Further this Electrical energy is
equally distributed to all sections
of WALE. The distribution of
electricity is done by the cylinder 79

80
Solar panels in Wale
converting the solar energy
into electric energy

• Another method for the production of
electricity is by hydro electric power.
HOW HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER IS
GENERATED:
• There are many turbines placed at
every 100m in Wale.
• When the excess water goes to the
waste management compartment
there is a separate pipe connection for
hydro electric power.
81

Process of producing hydro electricity
82

• There will be pipe connection for each
turbines.
• The water will flow at greater speed
and falls on the turbines.
• So, due to greater speed of water the
turbine spins very fast. Due to the fast
movement of turbine the electricity is
produced.
• So the electricity produced will be
evenly distributed throughout the
Wale.
83

.
WASTE MANAGEMENT:
Recycling the waste products and using
them again is known as the waste
management.
Recycling is the best method by which
we can manage the waste products.
In earth people are keeping their places
clean by dustbins, recycling bags, etc.
So in Wale we also kept a recycling
solution for this problem.
85

• Waste management is the
"generation, prevention, characterization,
monitoring, treatment, handling, reuse and
residual disposition of solid wastes". There
are various types of solid waste including
municipal
(residential, institutional, commercial), agri
cultural, and special (health
care, household hazardous wastes, sewage
sludge). The term usually relates to
materials produced by human activity, and
the process is generally undertaken to
reduce their effect
on health, the environment or aesthetics.
86

Agricultural wastewater
treatment:
• relates to the treatment of wastewaters
produced in the course of agricultural
activities. Agriculture is a highly intensified
industry in many parts of the
Wale, producing a range of wastewaters
requiring a variety of treatment
technologies and management practices.
• It plays a major role in Waste
Management of Wale.
89

Industrial wastewater
treatment:
• covers the mechanisms and processes used
to treat waters that have been
contaminated in some way
by anthropogenic industrial or commercial
activities prior to its release into the
environment or its re-use.
• We know that Wale consists of Industries
for occupation , so:-
• Most industries produce some wet waste
although recent trends have been to
minimize such production or recycle such
waste within the production process.
However, many industries remain
dependent on processes that
produce wastewaters . So we will stop this
in Wale by using a kind of typical filter
system in Industries. 91

Sewage treatment:
It is the process of
removing contaminants from wastewater, i
ncluding
household sewage and runoff (effluents). It
includes physical, chemical, and biological
processes to remove physical, chemical and
biological contaminants. Its objective is to
produce an environmentally safe fluid
waste stream (or treated effluent) and a
solid waste (or treated sludge) suitable for
disposal or reuse (usually as farm fertilizer).
93

• Radioactive waste management:
• They are wastes that
contain radioactive material. Radioactive
wastes are usually by-products of nuclear
power generation and other applications
of nuclear fission or nuclear
technology, such as research and medicine.
Radioactive waste is hazardous to most
forms of life and the environment, and
is regulated by government agencies in
order to protect human health and the
environment.
• Radioactivity naturally decays over time, so
radioactive waste has to be isolated and
confined in appropriate disposal facilities
for a sufficient period of time until it no
longer poses a threat.
95

• The period of time radioactive waste
must be stored for depends on the
type of waste and radioactive
isotopes. It can range from a few days
for very short-lived isotopes to
millions of years if one chooses to
waste the unspent portions of "spent
nuclear fuel". Current major
approaches to managing radioactive
waste have been segregation and
storage for short-lived waste, near-
surface disposal for low and some
intermediate level waste, and deep
burial or partitioning / transmutation
for the high-level waste.
96

DEFENSE OF WALE
If Wale is not safe it is difficult for us live
Because many asteroids, space junks
etc., will come and it can destroy our
Wale.
So we made many defense facilities like
electric flyers which will catch the
asteroids coming against them and
divert them in another direction.
Advanced airships for fighting with
Asteroids.
99

• AS
For the defense of wale , we have
set up a Detectors in Wale.
These Detectors are placed
everywhere in Wale , when Wale is
in danger the these detectors
recognize & transmit signals to
main input .
For the outer layer of defense of
wale we have Radiation wall
surrounding Wale.
100
DEFENSE OF WALE

Detectors which will be
used in Wale for defense.
101

One of the advanced fighter plane
in Wale
102

105
Advanced airships for
fighting

• These airships will go at a high speed
to defend Wale from asteroids are
anything which harms WALE.
• The electric flyers have the ability to
catch the asteroids send make it to
send in another direction.
• These things are required because
safety is more important to live.
• Many defense Robots will have a
look in and around the Wale in order
to protect Wale.
106

• Defense robots is used in Wale to
protect Wale from various threatens.
• If any objects is used to transport
from earth to Wale, these robots can
be used.
• If an asteroid comes near Wale, electric
flyers can be used to catch them and
stop them.
• But if there are too much of asteroids
the electric flyers or fighters cannot
stop them. For this purpose many
space cargos can be sent and from the
cargo the space defense robots can be
sent in action. 108

• The space defense robots has more
capacity to keep more ammo.
• There are also missile robot which has
weapons like RPG, Machine guns.
• The robots has a very good & well
protected armor for its safety & it will
not turn against Humans.
• More than 900 space defense robots can
be made
• These robots can also receive and send
signals.
• They can also be used for talking using
their voice box.
• The space defense robots has the
maximum speed of 105kmph.
• With this maximum speed, these robots
attack the threats very quickly
109

• We not only have space robots, but
we also have space rangers too.
• Space rangers can also go in action
with the defense robots, when the
threat is critical.
• They can carry different weapons with
infinite ammo[bullets].
• Different space defense suits are
given to the rangers according to their
weapon size.
• Some of the weapons are machine
guns, laser guns, RPG, machine
pistols, etc,. 113

• JK
Transport in Wale is done by:-
1. By Mono Rail
2. By Electric cars
3. By High speed Elevators.
These all will be done through
electric Wires , cables throughout
Wale . Electricity will be absorbed
from Solar generators.
The carrying of goods from earth
will be done by the Cargo Ship.
The cargo ship will come & attach
to the Wale & transport the
materials it brought.
118

122
A CARGO SHIP WHICH TAKES
MATERIALS FROM EARTH TO
WALE.(inside materials have been
shown)

A wale settlement requires very much
equipment, including energy
generators and construction material
for habitats and greenhouses. There
are a few strategies for shipping:
• Large numbers of
conventional rockets are launched
from Earth with destination Wale.
• As mentioned in the defense
part, even the defense robots can be
used to transport materials from
earth to Wale
So this makes a clear - cut
communication from Earth to Wale.
124

• A few big vessels are assembled in
Earth's orbit and then started towards
Wale. This requires a large number of
shuttle starts from Earth's
surface, too. The advantage is, those
vessels can provide some radiation
shielding by an arrangement of
equipment around an inner cabin for
persons.
• Since most material is not prone to
radiation damage, the trajectory of
pure material transport can be
optimized to lowest fuel
consumption, helping to save costs.
125

As We mentioned there will be Electric
cars & bikes which can be used
1. TRANSPORTATION
2. RACING ACTIVITIES
These electric vehicles require only a
little amount of electricity. The mileage
if this Electric car is about 25km per
Watt & for the Electric bike it is
about 95km per watt.
These vehicle can be used in Motor
racing which will be a good
Recreational Activity.
126

One of the reason for placing Wale
in the Areostationary Orbit is for
communication.
The satellites from Earth have
connection with Mars satellites
including Phobos & Deimos. So, if
we set up a satellite specially for
Wale in the orbit it can get the
Communication Signals easily from
Earth , Mars , Moon etc.
So with this signals we can set up
an tower all over the Wale connect
it & can get a easy Communication
all over Wale 130

131
A PICTURE SHOWING THE EARTH & MARS
SATELLITE CONNECTIONS

RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES
There are many recreational activities
in our earth. So people coming from
earth may not be comfortable
staying in Wale.
So we made our special concentration
in recreational activities in Wale.
They are mentioned below:
134

A life without entertainment is just
like a life in the desert. ( no
enjoyment).
So we have planned to construct a
Recreation Section in Wale. This will
be located in 3 parts of Wale :-
I. Upper layer of Wale
II. Middle layer of Wale
III. Lower layer of Wale
Every zone consists of given
Entertainment activities.
135

The entertainment activities present
in Recreation Section are:-
1. Galactik Football:- Same like
football it consists of 15 players
each in a team . Every player is
played by a Jet boost behind him.
2. Motor Racing :- The racing is
done in a hollow like structure
with a high class bikes electric cars.
3. MARJ Complex:-This complex
consists of Movie
Halls, Restaurants , Pubs
Gymnasium, Video games
Amusement parks etc
136

138
Movie halls in MARJ complex

Democratic Rights of people in Wale:
• In Wale, everyone is considered to be
equal.
• No one must be treated badly.
• People has the freedom to move any
where around wale as we follow in earth.
• People has the right to express their
views.
• People can live in wale according their
culture and religion.
• People any person can appealed to the
court if the right has been exploited.
• There are also near by police stations in
Wale, so that people approach to it if
rights are violated.
• Each section of each torus has a court.
• Crimes and theft is against the law in
Wale as like in earth. 141

143
Education:
• The government provides education for the
children in Wale.
• Education determines a person future.
so, education in Wale is compulsory
• Every person should be employed on its
working age. So for this to happen we need
education.
• Education in wale is considered very
important to each and every child.
• So, for implementing this, there will be
schools in Wale depending upon their size.
• They will be following the same system as
in the earth they follow like SMART CLASS.

144
• So, this makes people of Wale
physically and mentally fit.
• There are different curriculum
found in Wale.
• Some of the curriculum are:
i. ICSE
ii. CBSE
iii. IGCSE
iv. State BOARD
Universities follow same
curriculum like Earth.

147
TOTAL FACILITIES COST
STRUCTURE
COMPONENTS $199,250,350,000
OPERATIONS AND
INFRASTRUCTURE $3,000,000,000
LIFE SUPPORT
FACILITIES
$210,000,000,000
BASES $8,000,000,000
RECREATIONAL
ACTIVITIES
$500,000,000
OTHER COSTS $450,800,900
TOTAL $420,751,150,900

WALE human
composition.
34%
50%
11%
5%
Age composition in Wale
age 0 - 14
age 15 - 59
age 59 - 80
age 80 and above
148
The total cost of Wale will be
$420,751,150,900 . The budget will be enough
If all the works are done in a proper way

Demography
• DEMOGRAPHY MEANS A STUDY OF
PEOPLE. For a better classification of
people in WALE they have been
divided into age groups. The
classification of age group are :-
i. Children - 0-14 years
ii. Working age - 15-59 years
iii. Retirement age -59-80years
iv. Old age -80 and above
149

20.BIBILOGRAHY
• http://settlement.arc.nasa.gov/Conte
st/
• http://settlement.arc.nasa.gov/Conte
st/Results/2014/index.html
• http://space.alglobus.net/
• http://www.dyslexia.com/program.ht
m
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0
sXiJjcsu8k
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i
9jonS7q7tA
151

20.BIBILOGRAHY
• https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=WZ8nd30pHFc
• https://www.youtube.com/chann
el/UClHYObg7UydxJoAWx_eTdNA
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spac
e_colonization
• http://www.space.com/22228-
space-station-colony-concepts-
explained-infographic.html
• http://www.princeton.edu/~acha
ney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Space_c
olonization.html
152

20.BIBILOGRAHY
• http://www.lpi.usra.edu/educatio
n/explore/beyondEarth/activities/
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163

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