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‫استاد‬:‫پاکدامن‬‫دکتر‬‫خانم‬ ‫سرکار‬
‫کنندگان‬‫تهیه‬ ‫و‬‫نویسندگان‬
‫ایلیات‬ ‫طیبه‬
‫انه‬‫ز‬‫فر‬ ‫ینب‬‫ز‬
‫سیردانی‬ ‫مرجان‬
‫دولتی‬ ‫سهیال‬
‫شته‬‫ر‬:‫سانی‬‫ر‬‫اطالع‬ ‫و‬ ‫ی‬‫کتابدار‬ ‫علوم‬
‫مقطع‬:‫ی‬ ‫شناس‬‫ر‬‫کا‬
‫بهار‬1393
‫هنر‬ ‫یخ‬‫ر‬‫تا‬
‫افشار‬‫حسن‬‫ترجمه‬‫ینولدز‬‫ر‬‫دونالد‬‫هنر‬‫یخ‬‫ر‬‫تا‬.
1386‫مرکز‬‫نشر‬
‫هنر‬ ‫یخ‬‫ر‬‫تا‬‫خالصه‬-(‫بان‬‫ز‬‫مر‬ ‫یز‬‫و‬‫پر‬)
1-‫یخ‬‫ر‬‫تا‬‫از‬ ‫پیش‬ ‫هنر‬
2-‫النهرین‬ ‫بین‬ ‫هنر‬
3-‫مصر‬ ‫هنر‬
4-‫اسالم‬ ‫ر‬‫ظهو‬ ‫تا‬ ‫ان‬‫ر‬‫ای‬ ‫هنر‬
5-‫نسانس‬‫ر‬ ،‫گوتیک‬،‫اسالمی‬،‫م‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ،‫یونان‬ ،‫اپن‬‫ژ‬،‫چین‬ ‫هنر‬،
‫افریقا‬ ‫نوکالسیک‬.....
‫ی‬‫سیر‬‫در‬‫هنر‬‫ایران‬(‫ترپوپ‬‫ر‬‫آ‬‫و‬‫فیلیپس‬‫اکرمن‬.،‫مترجم‬‫س‬‫یروس‬
‫پرهام‬)
‫به‬‫گفته‬‫تر‬‫ر‬‫آ‬‫آپم‬‫پوپ‬‫هنر‬‫انی‬‫ر‬‫ای‬‫هدیه‬‫جاویدان‬‫ملت‬‫ان‬‫ر‬‫ای‬‫به‬‫جامعة‬‫جهانی‬‫بوده‬‫اس‬‫ت‬
‫هنرمندان‬‫انی‬‫ر‬‫ای‬‫هنر‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫جلوه‬‫گاه‬‫جمال‬‫و‬‫جالل‬‫خداوند‬‫می‬‫دانسته‬‫اند‬‫به‬‫اعتقاد‬‫او‬‫هنر‬‫انی‬‫ر‬‫ای‬
‫نیروهای‬‫آسمانی‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫می‬‫جوید‬‫و‬‫ه‬‫ر‬‫با‬‫ر‬‫د‬‫گستره‬
‫هنر‬‫انی‬‫ر‬‫ای‬‫اسالمی‬‫گفته‬‫است‬‫هنگامی‬‫که‬‫پا‬‫و‬‫ار‬‫در‬
‫یک‬‫ر‬‫تا‬‫خفته‬‫بود‬‫علم‬‫و‬‫هنر‬‫اسالمی‬‫ن‬‫و‬‫قر‬‫نیمی‬‫از‬
‫جهان‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫شن‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫کرد‬‫و‬‫با‬‫این‬‫که‬‫سایر‬‫مینهای‬‫ز‬‫سر‬
‫جهان‬‫اسالمی‬‫هم‬‫در‬‫این‬‫موفقیت‬‫سهیم‬‫بوده‬‫اند‬
‫منبع‬‫اصلی‬‫این‬‫شنایی‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫در‬‫ان‬‫ر‬‫ای‬‫بوده‬‫است‬.
‫ایرانی‬‫ی‬ ‫نقاش‬ ‫گ‬‫ر‬‫بز‬ ‫نقاشان‬‫نامه‬ ‫ندگی‬‫ز‬
‫ی‬ ‫نقاش‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬‫مو‬ ‫در‬ ‫کتاب‬ ‫این‬ ‫پنجم‬ ‫جلد‬
‫سرفصل‬ ‫مقدمه‬ ‫از‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫که‬ ‫است‬ ‫انی‬‫ر‬‫ای‬
‫است‬ ‫ه‬‫و‬‫گر‬ ‫این‬ ‫تحقیق‬.
‫شود‬ ‫می‬ ‫تقدیم‬.
‫ها‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬‫املعا‬ ‫دایره‬
‫‌ها‬‫ل‬‫سرفص‬:
1-‫احی‬‫ر‬‫ط‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫مینیاتو‬ ‫ی‬ ‫نقاش‬ ‫یخچه‬‫ر‬‫تا‬
2-‫ی‬‫نگارگر‬
3-‫مرغ‬ ‫گل‬ ‫ی‬ ‫نقاش‬
4-‫ی‬ ‫نقاش‬ ‫بر‬ ‫الهیات‬‫و‬ ‫شعر‬ ‫تأثیر‬
5-‫ر‬‫مینیاتو‬‫نقاشان‬ ‫اهای‬‫ز‬‫اب‬ ‫و‬ ‫مصالح‬ ‫ی‬‫ساز‬ ‫آماده‬
‫ی‬ ‫نقاش‬‫یخ‬‫ر‬‫تا‬ ‫بر‬ ‫ای‬ ‫مقدمه‬
‫پیدایش‬‫ی‬ ‫نقاش‬‫انی‬‫ر‬‫ای‬‫ـ‬‫دانش‬‫و‬‫معلومات‬‫ما‬‫اجع‬‫ر‬‫به‬‫نقاش‬‫ی‬‫و‬
‫ت‬‫ر‬‫صو‬‫ی‬ ‫کش‬‫انی‬‫ر‬‫ای‬‫پیش‬‫از‬‫اسالم‬‫همیشه‬‫ل‬‫مجهو‬‫بوده‬‫ا‬‫ست‬.
(‫یخ‬‫ر‬‫تا‬‫ی‬ ‫نقاش‬‫در‬،‫ان‬‫ر‬‫ای‬34)
‫مانی‬‫نقاش‬‫ـ‬‫مدارک‬‫یخی‬‫ر‬‫تا‬‫و‬‫ادبی‬‫بما‬‫نشان‬‫دهد‬‫می‬‫مانی‬‫ن‬‫قاش‬
‫انی‬‫ر‬‫ای‬‫که‬‫در‬‫حدود‬‫ن‬‫قر‬‫سوم‬‫میالدی‬‫ندگانی‬‫ز‬‫کرده‬‫می‬‫و‬
‫مؤسس‬‫مذهبی‬‫است‬‫که‬‫به‬‫او‬‫نسبت‬‫دهند‬‫می‬.‫کتب‬‫و‬‫آثار‬
‫مذهبی‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫کوچک‬‫نموده‬‫می‬‫و‬‫آنان‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫از‬‫بهترین‬‫وسایل‬‫جهت‬
‫معجزه‬‫و‬‫امر‬‫پیغمبر‬‫و‬‫نشر‬‫دعوت‬‫خود‬‫دانسته‬‫می‬.(،‫همان‬
35)
‫یرانی‬‫ا‬ ‫نقاشان‬‫اسامی‬:(‫صالحی‬ ‫نیک‬‫های‬‫ر‬‫تاال‬‫سایت‬‫از‬ ‫اقتباس‬)
‫آشتياني‬
‫احمد‬ ‫آقا‬
‫مان‬‫ز‬ ‫آقا‬
‫صادق‬ ‫آقا‬
‫جعفر‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫آقا‬
‫كاظم‬‫محمد‬ ‫آقا‬
‫اصفهاني‬ ‫نجف‬ ‫آقا‬
‫اصفهاني‬‫میرك‬ ‫آقا‬
‫محمد‬‫امي‬‫ر‬‫به‬
‫الدين‬ ‫كمال‬‫اتي‬‫ر‬‫ه‬ ‫اد‬‫ز‬‫به‬
‫محمد‬‫تجويدي‬
‫محمد‬‫علي‬‫استاد‬‫یان‬‫ر‬‫حید‬
‫دی‬‫و‬‫در‬‫علی‬
‫اصفهاني‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اض‬‫ر‬
‫اوندی‬‫ر‬
‫سام‬‫ر‬
‫ی‬‫از‬‫ر‬‫شی‬‫حانی‬‫و‬‫ر‬
‫ساعی‬
‫محمد‬‫سلطان‬
‫الدین‬ ‫کمال‬‫هراتی‬ ‫بهزاد‬
(‫فوت‬942‫ه‬‫ق‬)‫ي‬ ‫نقاش‬،‫ف‬‫و‬‫معر‬‫در‬‫بار‬‫ر‬‫د‬‫سلطان‬‫حسین‬‫میرزا‬‫در‬‫اسان‬‫ر‬‫خ‬،‫بود‬‫ك‬‫ه‬
‫سپس‬‫اه‬‫ر‬‫هم‬‫شاه‬‫اسماعيل‬‫ي‬‫صفو‬‫به‬‫تبريز‬،‫آمد‬‫او‬‫نخستین‬‫ي‬ ‫نقاش‬‫اس‬‫ت‬‫كه‬‫بعد‬
‫از‬‫تسلط‬‫ل‬‫مغو‬‫به‬‫شيوه‬‫انيان‬‫ر‬‫اي‬‫ي‬ ‫نقاش‬‫كرد‬.‫اد‬‫ز‬‫به‬‫مدتي‬‫ئيس‬‫ر‬‫كتاب‬‫خانه‬‫شاهي‬‫در‬
‫تبريز‬،‫بود‬‫خواجه‬،‫عبدالعزيز‬‫استاد‬‫مظفر‬‫علي‬
‫از‬‫شاگردان‬‫او‬،‫هستند‬‫قبر‬‫اد‬‫ز‬‫به‬‫در‬‫باغ‬‫شيخ‬
‫كمال‬‫تبريز‬‫جنب‬‫ار‬‫ز‬‫م‬‫شيخ‬‫است‬.
‫محمد‬‫سلطان‬
‫ن‬‫قر‬10‫ه‬‫ق‬‫نقاش‬‫و‬‫مذهب‬‫اني‬‫ر‬‫اي‬‫معاصر‬‫با‬‫اواخر‬‫ه‬‫ر‬‫دو‬‫سلطان‬
‫حسین‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫بايق‬‫وعهد‬‫شاه‬‫اسماعيل‬‫ل‬‫او‬‫و‬‫شاه‬‫طهماسب‬‫ل‬‫او‬‫و‬
‫استاد‬‫ي‬ ‫نقاش‬‫پادشاه‬‫اخیر‬‫بود‬.‫ي‬‫و‬‫مردي‬‫مبتكر‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫دار‬‫ت‬‫خيلي‬
‫عجيب‬‫بود‬.‫گويند‬‫اي‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫امیر‬‫علي‬‫شیرساعتي‬‫گ‬‫ر‬‫بز‬‫بس‬‫اخت‬‫كه‬
‫در‬‫سر‬‫هر‬‫ساعت‬‫هيكلي‬‫از‬‫باالي‬‫آن‬‫بیرون‬‫مي‬‫آمد‬‫و‬‫با‬‫چوب‬‫ي‬
‫كه‬‫در‬‫دست‬‫داشت‬‫به‬‫تعداد‬‫ساعات‬‫گذشته‬‫ضرباتي‬‫به‬‫ه‬‫ر‬‫نقا‬
‫باالي‬‫ساعت‬‫مينواخت‬.
‫امللك‬ ‫صنيع‬
‫میرزا‬‫ابوالحسن‬(1299-1283‫ه‬‫ق‬)‫نقاش‬‫ف‬‫و‬‫معر‬‫عصر‬
‫يه‬‫ر‬‫قاجا‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫عمو‬‫كمال‬‫امللك‬‫است‬‫كه‬‫تحصيل‬‫ي‬ ‫نقاش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫د‬‫ر‬
‫ايتاليا‬‫به‬‫پايان‬‫سانيد،و‬‫ر‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫مو‬‫تشويق‬‫محمد‬‫شاه‬‫و‬‫ناص‬‫ر‬
‫الدين‬‫شاه‬‫ار‬‫ر‬‫ق‬‫گرفته‬،‫بود‬‫در‬‫سال‬1277‫ه‬،‫ق‬‫ييس‬‫ر‬
‫چاپخانه‬‫دولتي‬،‫شد‬‫و‬‫در‬‫نامه‬‫دولتي‬‫اغلب‬‫نمونه‬‫هاي‬‫ر‬‫كا‬‫او‬‫ا‬‫ر‬
‫نشر‬‫مي‬،‫دادند‬‫در‬‫سال‬1278‫به‬‫صنيع‬‫امللك‬‫ملقب‬‫شد‬.
‫صنيع‬‫امللك‬‫در‬‫سال‬1279‫به‬‫يك‬‫قطعه‬‫نشان‬‫و‬‫حمايل‬
‫مفتخرشد؛‬‫از‬‫آثار‬‫او‬:‫وصف‬‫سالم‬‫ناصر‬‫الدين‬‫شاه‬‫است‬‫ك‬‫ه‬
‫از‬‫محل‬‫اصلي‬‫به‬‫ه‬‫ز‬‫مو‬‫ان‬‫ر‬‫اي‬‫باستان‬‫منتقل‬‫شده‬‫است‬.
‫امللك‬ ‫كمال‬‫ي‬‫غفار‬‫محمد‬
(‫فوت‬1319)‫استاد‬‫محمد‬‫ي‬‫غفار‬‫كمال‬،‫امللك‬‫استاد‬‫كامل‬
‫ي‬ ‫نقاش‬‫از‬‫مردم‬‫كاشان‬،‫است‬‫كمال‬‫امللك‬‫ند‬‫ز‬‫فر‬‫میرزا‬‫ر‬‫بز‬‫گ‬
‫جواني‬‫ر‬‫د‬‫به‬‫ان‬‫ر‬‫ته‬،‫آمد‬‫ه‬‫و‬‫در‬‫ن‬‫الفنو‬‫ر‬‫دا‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫بپايان‬‫سانيد‬‫ر‬.‫و‬‫بعد‬
‫به‬‫پا‬‫و‬‫ار‬‫فت‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫به‬‫مطالعه‬‫ي‬ ‫نقاش‬،‫پرداخت‬‫سپس‬‫به‬‫ع‬‫اق‬‫ر‬
‫سفر‬،‫كرده‬‫به‬‫ان‬‫ر‬‫اي‬‫اجعت‬‫ر‬‫م‬‫نمود‬.‫در‬‫سال‬1307‫به‬‫ر‬‫نيشابو‬
‫سفر‬‫كرد‬‫و‬‫كنچ‬‫ا‬‫و‬‫انز‬‫گزيد‬.‫و‬‫پس‬‫از‬93‫سال‬‫ندگي‬‫ز‬‫د‬‫و‬‫بدر‬
‫حيات‬‫گفت‬.‫تاالر‬‫آيينه‬‫از‬‫شاهكار‬‫هاي‬‫اوست‬.‫مقبره‬‫است‬‫اد‬‫در‬
‫ر‬‫نيشابو‬‫در‬‫جوار‬‫مقبره‬‫شيخ‬‫است‬‫ر‬‫عطا‬.
‫با‬‫این‬‫که‬‫دست‬‫کم‬‫ده‬‫بنا‬‫در‬‫بقعة‬‫دبیل‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫تا‬‫ز‬‫و‬‫امر‬‫بر‬‫جای‬‫ان‬‫مانده‬‫د‬‫و‬‫بی‬
‫گمان‬‫ی‬‫بسیار‬‫دیگر‬‫در‬‫ایام‬‫نق‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫آن‬‫در‬
‫ن‬‫و‬‫قر‬16‫و‬17‫وجود‬‫داشته‬‫است‬‫پس‬‫از‬
‫مرگ‬‫شیخ‬‫صفی‬‫مؤسس‬‫فرقه‬‫اتاقی‬‫در‬
‫خانقاه‬‫او‬‫که‬‫محل‬‫اجتماع‬‫مریدانش‬‫بود‬
‫ای‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ی‬‫خاکسپار‬‫او‬‫برگزیدند‬.
(‫کتاب‬‫عصر‬‫طالیی‬‫هنر‬‫ان‬‫ر‬‫ای‬)
‫ترین‬‫ر‬‫مشهو‬‫کتاب‬‫خطی‬‫یخی‬‫ر‬‫تا‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫که‬‫می‬‫توان‬‫به‬‫این‬‫مکتب‬‫نسبت‬‫داد‬‫ی‬‫ک‬‫جلد‬
‫کتاب‬‫پر‬‫تصویر‬‫در‬‫کتابخانه‬‫ملی‬‫یس‬‫ر‬‫پا‬
‫است‬‫که‬‫از‬‫سبک‬‫پیکرهای‬‫ساده‬‫و‬‫نگهای‬‫ر‬
‫شن‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫کتاب‬‫های‬‫ات‬‫ر‬‫ه‬‫و‬‫قرینه‬‫ی‬‫ساز‬
‫ل‬‫متداو‬‫آن‬‫به‬‫کار‬‫گرفته‬‫است‬.
(‫کتاب‬‫ی‬ ‫نقاش‬‫انی‬‫ر‬‫ای‬)
‫ادت‬‫ر‬‫م‬ ‫باشد‬ ‫ی‬‫تگر‬‫ر‬‫صو‬ ‫اگر‬‫اوستادت‬ ‫آفرینش‬ ‫پس‬ ‫بود‬
‫ائیست‬‫ر‬ ‫سست‬ ‫تتبع‬ ‫وادی‬ ‫ین‬‫ر‬‫د‬‫گشائیست‬ ‫خود‬ ‫ی‬‫و‬‫بر‬ ‫حمت‬‫ز‬ ‫در‬
‫موالنا‬‫قاسم‬‫بیک‬‫ی‬‫تبریز‬‫صحاف‬‫بی‬‫بدل‬‫و‬
‫مجلد‬‫بیعوض‬‫بود‬‫و‬‫چنان‬‫در‬‫آن‬‫امر‬‫نادر‬‫و‬
‫قادر‬‫بود‬‫که‬‫اق‬‫ر‬‫او‬‫فلک‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ه‬‫ز‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫شی‬‫بستی‬‫و‬
‫ایام‬‫زگار‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ره‬ ّ‫شف‬‫کشیدی‬‫نجهای‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫کا‬
‫مانند‬‫انجم‬‫بودی‬‫و‬‫ترنج‬‫هایش‬‫ر‬‫کا‬‫ن‬‫چو‬
‫شید‬‫ر‬‫خو‬‫نمودی‬.....(‫کتاب‬‫گلستان‬‫هنر‬)
‫تصویر‬‫آغاز‬‫کتاب‬‫شامل‬‫دو‬‫ه‬‫ر‬‫نگا‬‫است‬‫یکی‬‫صحنة‬‫شکار‬‫و‬‫ی‬‫دیگر‬‫ت‬‫صویر‬
‫پادشاهی‬‫با‬‫اهانش‬‫ر‬‫هم‬‫این‬‫ی‬ ‫نقاش‬‫تابی‬‫ز‬‫با‬
‫آشکار‬‫است‬‫از‬‫سنتی‬‫از‬‫ه‬‫ر‬‫دو‬‫ساسانی‬‫که‬
‫اش‬‫نمونه‬‫بشقاب‬‫موجود‬‫در‬‫مجموعه‬‫میتاژ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫است‬‫که‬‫با‬‫دو‬‫صحنه‬‫تزیین‬‫شده‬‫است‬.
(‫بان‬‫ز‬‫ی‬‫تصویر‬‫شاهنامه‬)
‫دو‬‫ه‬‫ر‬‫نگا‬‫از‬‫سلطان‬‫محمد‬‫در‬‫نده‬‫ر‬‫بردا‬‫قم‬‫ر‬‫اوست‬‫یکی‬‫مجلس‬‫جشن‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫سر‬‫و‬‫ط‬‫رب‬
‫در‬‫دیوان‬‫حافظ‬‫است‬‫که‬‫در‬‫آن‬‫قم‬‫ر‬‫سلطان‬‫محمد‬
‫اقی‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫نقش‬‫بسته‬‫است‬.‫در‬‫این‬‫ه‬‫ر‬‫نگا‬‫ای‬‫اده‬‫ز‬‫شاه‬
‫بر‬‫تخت‬‫جلوس‬‫کرده‬‫و‬‫مان‬‫ز‬‫مال‬‫در‬‫اف‬‫ر‬‫اط‬‫او‬‫گرد‬
‫آمده‬‫اند‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫مشغو‬‫عیش‬‫و‬‫نوشند‬(‫تصویر‬68)
(‫کتاب‬‫مکتب‬‫ی‬‫نگارگر‬‫تبریز‬)
‫کتابنامه‬
،‫زکی‬‫محمدحسن‬.‫یخ‬‫ر‬‫تا‬‫ی‬ ‫نقاش‬‫در‬‫ان‬‫ر‬‫ای‬/‫مترجم‬‫ابوالقاسم‬‫سحاب‬.–
‫نشر‬،‫سحاب‬1365
‫یز‬‫و‬‫پر‬ ،‫بان‬‫ز‬‫مر‬.1296-‫هنر‬ ‫یخ‬‫ر‬‫تا‬‫خالصه‬. /‫فرهنگ‬ ‫نشرعلمی‬ ،‫ان‬‫ر‬‫ته‬،‫ی‬
1390
،‫ید‬‫ر‬‫هربرت‬.1893-1968‫معنی‬‫هنر‬/‫هربرت‬‫ید‬‫ر‬‫ترجمه‬‫نجف‬‫ی‬‫یابندر‬‫ر‬‫د‬.‫علمی‬
،‫فرهنگی‬1390
،‫کنبی‬‫شیال‬.‫عصر‬‫طالیی‬‫ان‬‫ر‬‫ای‬/‫شیال‬،‫کنبی‬‫ترجمة‬‫حسن‬‫افشار‬.‫ان‬‫ر‬‫ته‬،‫نش‬‫ر‬،‫مرکز‬
1386
،‫پوپ‬‫ر‬‫تو‬‫ر‬‫آ‬‫آپم‬.1881-1969‫م‬.‫ی‬‫سیر‬‫در‬‫هنر‬‫ان‬‫ر‬‫ای‬‫از‬‫ان‬‫ر‬‫دو‬‫پیش‬‫از‬‫یخ‬‫ر‬‫تا‬‫تا‬‫ز‬‫و‬‫امر‬/
‫سیروس‬‫پرهام‬.‫ان‬‫ر‬‫ته‬:‫علمی‬،‫فرهنگی‬13‫جلد‬1387
‫ها‬‫فرهنگ‬
‫هنر‬ ‫فرهنگ‬:
‫ی‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬‫فا‬ ‫به‬ ‫ی‬ ‫انگلیس‬
‫کاشف‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ه‬‫ز‬ ، ‫ی‬‫قنبر‬ ‫عبداله‬
‫می‬ ‫الفبایی‬ ‫و‬‫است‬ ‫ی‬‫دیکشنر‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬‫صو‬ ‫به‬
‫باشد‬
35000‫ه‬‫ژ‬‫وا‬
‫یگاه‬‫ز‬‫وا‬‫نمایش‬ ‫و‬‫ی‬‫باز‬‫آئین‬ ‫جامع‬‫فرهنگ‬
‫اشرفی‬ ‫ی‬‫نصر‬ ‫جهانگیر‬
‫ی‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬‫فا‬ ‫الفبایی‬ ‫فهرست‬
‫ی‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬‫فا‬ ‫مرتبط‬ ‫های‬ ‫سایت‬:
 persianpaintings.com/
 iranpainters.com/
 rangberang.ir/
 asemooni.com/art/painting-art/iranian-painters
 aftabir.com/art/painting/definition/
 courtauld.ac.uk/degreeprogrammes/postgraduate/ma-history-
art/babaie
 persianfineart.com/
 iranchamber.com/art/articles/history_iranian_miniature.php
 library.brown.edu/cds/minassian/essay_production.html
 brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/exhibitions/1206/Royal_Persia
n_Paintings_The_Qajar_Epoch_1785-1925
 psta.org.uk/postgraduateprogramme/traditionalartscourses/persianmi
niaturepainting/
 arti.ir
‫شم‬ ‫توجه‬ ‫از‬ ‫تشکر‬ ‫با‬‫ا‬

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