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Popocatapatele and Colima, two of Mexico’s most active volcanoes, are acting up again. For now the eruptions are not considered to be dangerous and no evacuations have been ordered. But don’t forget that the world’s 1,498 other active volcanoes can erupt at anytime too. A re-eruption of any of these active volcanoes is likely to be very devastating, locally, regionally, and globally. Location and a large explosivity index (VEI) combine to make some volcanoes especially dangerous. Location refers to proximity to cities and other areas of high human population density. An eruption with large VEI at such locations is certain to be devastating to people, their property, their health, the community infra-structure, the environment, and the economy. Presentation courtesy of Dr Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction.Two Of Mexico's Dangerous Volcanoes Are Threatening To Erupt
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Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 70(2): 251-257 (1992)
The study attempts to identify predictors of injuries among persons who were hospitalized following the Armenian earthquake of 7 December 1988. A total of 189 such individuals were identified through neighbourhood polyclinics in the city of Leninakan and 159 noninjured controls were selected from the same neighbourhoods. A standardized interview questionnaire was used. Cases and controls shared many social and demographic characteristics; however, 98% of persons who were hospitalized with injuries were inside a building at the time of the earthquake, compared with 83% of the controls (odds ratio = 12.20, 95% confidence interval (Cl) = 3.62-63.79). The odds ratio of injuries for individuals who were in a building that had five or more floors, compared with those in lower buildings, was 3.65 (95% Cl = 2.12-6.33). Leaving buildings after the first shock of the earthquake was a protective behaviour. The odds ratio for those staying indoors compared with those who ran out was 4.40 (95% Cl = 2.24-8.71). A case-control study of injuries arising from the earthquake in Armenia, 1988
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Jones, N.P., E.K. Noji, F. Krimgold and G.S. Smith 1990. Considerations in the epidemiology of earthquake injuries. Earthquake Spectra 6: 507-528.
In July 1989, a workshop entitled "Earthquake Injury Epidemiology for Mitigation and Response" was held at The Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. The aim of the workshop was to gather a group of interested professionals, all directly or peripherally interested in the research, planning, mitigation, and response aspects associated witgh earthquake-induced injuries and deaths, to lay the foundations and begin to develop a research agenda for this emerging field.
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