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Biogoriva se trenutno najviše proizvode od
šećerne trske, kukuruza, soje i uljane
repice, a istovremeno trenutno u svetu
postoji oko 850 miliona ljudi koji nemaju
dovoljno hrane.
Sadašnjim tehnologijama proizvodnje bigoriva troši se
više fosilnih goriva nego što se dobija. Za svaku jedinicu
fosilnog goriva, povraćaj je 0,778 jedinica kod bioetanola
koji se dobija iz kukuruza, 0,636 kod bioetanola
dobijenog iz drveta, 0,534 kod biodizela iz soje.(2) I neke
druge studije pokazuju da efekti upotrebe biogoriva nisu
onoliko povoljni kao što tvrde pobornici.
Hektar šećerne trske apsorbuje 13 tona CO2 godišnje, a hektar
brazilskih prašuma 20 tona. Prašume se najviše uništavaju zbog
širenja plantaža soje. Naročito stradaju amazonske i atlantske
prašume, čije očuvanje je neophodno da bi se zaustavila dalja
globalna ekološka degradacija i da bi se očuvao biodiverzitet.
Seča šuma povezana je i sa nasiljem nad domorodačkim
zajednicama.
Dr Mae Won Ho-u smatra da je biogorivo loša vest. Satelitski snimci, tvrdi
ovaj autor, pokazuju da je 40% kopna već iskorišćeno za poljoprivrednu
proizvodnju (usevi i pašnjaci). Nema dovoljno zemljišta ni za proizvodnju
hrane, a kamoli goriva. Obezbeđivanje novih površina dovodi do
drastičnog uništavanja šuma, što znači da se povećava količina CO2 u
atmosferi, povećava globalno zagrevanje i ugrožava biodiverzitet. U
Indoneziji i Maleziji milioni hektara šuma se seku da bi se obezbedile
površine za gajenje uljane palme od koje se dobija biodizel. Hiljade biljnih
i životinjskih vrsta zbog toga nestaju.



Ovaj autor smatra da bioenergetski usevi nisu održivi jer ubrzano
osiromašuju tlo i čine ga manje plodnim. Iako je biodizel energetski efikasniji i
daje manje emisije štetnih gasova, on stvara mutagene i kancerogene, tvrdi
londonski naučnik. Pored toga, proizvođači biogoriva vrše pritisak za
intenzivnije korišćenje genetski modifikovanih biljaka . Upotreba velikih
količina najjačih pesticida i veštačkih đubriva doprinosi zagađivanju tla.
Prema ovom autoru proizvodnja bioetanola u SAD košta više nego što je
njegova tržišna cena, a opstaje zahvaljujući ogromnim subvencijama.
Postoje i druge negativne socijalne posledice proizvodnje biogoriva.
Američki naučnik Padzek navodi da se pojačava koncentracija
proizvodnje kukuruza u gigantskim farmama kojima upravljaju
velike agrobiznis korporacije. Mali farmeri samo će rentirati zemlju.
Padzek zaključuje da je jedini lek da se ograniči potrošnja energije,
a sva druga rešenja vode u katastrofu. Isabella Kenfield i Roger
Burbach tvrde da industrijalizacija poljoprivrede u Brazilu dovodi do
velke koncentracija zemljišta u rukama sve manjeg broja
latifundista, što uzrokuje još veću marginalizaciju i osiromašenje
seljaka. Na plantažama šećerne trske namenjene proizvodnji
bioetanola ima jedan zaposleni na 100 hektara, dok na porodičnim
farmama na istoj površini radi 37 ljudi. Brazil je inače zemlja sa
najvećim socijalnim razlikama u svetu i ima ogroman broj
bezemljaša.
Iz do sada rečenog može se zaključiti da biogoriva nisu
tako efikasna zamena za naftu i da njihovom upotrebom
ne dolazi do smanjivanja emisije štetnih gasova kada se
svi inputi uzmu u obzir. Najgore od svega je što su
ogromne površine obradivog zemljišta neophodne za
proizvodnju bioenergetskih useva, pa bi uskoro mogla
biti ugrožena proizvodnja hrane.
Korišćena literatura
http://www.izvorienergije.com/biogoriva.html
Radile:
Ljubica Vukajlov
Branislava Kolarov
Radile:
Ljubica Vukajlov
Branislava Kolarov

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биогориво против

  • 1.
  • 2. Biogoriva se trenutno najviše proizvode od šećerne trske, kukuruza, soje i uljane repice, a istovremeno trenutno u svetu postoji oko 850 miliona ljudi koji nemaju dovoljno hrane.
  • 3. Sadašnjim tehnologijama proizvodnje bigoriva troši se više fosilnih goriva nego što se dobija. Za svaku jedinicu fosilnog goriva, povraćaj je 0,778 jedinica kod bioetanola koji se dobija iz kukuruza, 0,636 kod bioetanola dobijenog iz drveta, 0,534 kod biodizela iz soje.(2) I neke druge studije pokazuju da efekti upotrebe biogoriva nisu onoliko povoljni kao što tvrde pobornici.
  • 4. Hektar šećerne trske apsorbuje 13 tona CO2 godišnje, a hektar brazilskih prašuma 20 tona. Prašume se najviše uništavaju zbog širenja plantaža soje. Naročito stradaju amazonske i atlantske prašume, čije očuvanje je neophodno da bi se zaustavila dalja globalna ekološka degradacija i da bi se očuvao biodiverzitet. Seča šuma povezana je i sa nasiljem nad domorodačkim zajednicama.
  • 5. Dr Mae Won Ho-u smatra da je biogorivo loša vest. Satelitski snimci, tvrdi ovaj autor, pokazuju da je 40% kopna već iskorišćeno za poljoprivrednu proizvodnju (usevi i pašnjaci). Nema dovoljno zemljišta ni za proizvodnju hrane, a kamoli goriva. Obezbeđivanje novih površina dovodi do drastičnog uništavanja šuma, što znači da se povećava količina CO2 u atmosferi, povećava globalno zagrevanje i ugrožava biodiverzitet. U Indoneziji i Maleziji milioni hektara šuma se seku da bi se obezbedile površine za gajenje uljane palme od koje se dobija biodizel. Hiljade biljnih i životinjskih vrsta zbog toga nestaju. Ovaj autor smatra da bioenergetski usevi nisu održivi jer ubrzano osiromašuju tlo i čine ga manje plodnim. Iako je biodizel energetski efikasniji i daje manje emisije štetnih gasova, on stvara mutagene i kancerogene, tvrdi londonski naučnik. Pored toga, proizvođači biogoriva vrše pritisak za intenzivnije korišćenje genetski modifikovanih biljaka . Upotreba velikih količina najjačih pesticida i veštačkih đubriva doprinosi zagađivanju tla. Prema ovom autoru proizvodnja bioetanola u SAD košta više nego što je njegova tržišna cena, a opstaje zahvaljujući ogromnim subvencijama.
  • 6. Postoje i druge negativne socijalne posledice proizvodnje biogoriva. Američki naučnik Padzek navodi da se pojačava koncentracija proizvodnje kukuruza u gigantskim farmama kojima upravljaju velike agrobiznis korporacije. Mali farmeri samo će rentirati zemlju. Padzek zaključuje da je jedini lek da se ograniči potrošnja energije, a sva druga rešenja vode u katastrofu. Isabella Kenfield i Roger Burbach tvrde da industrijalizacija poljoprivrede u Brazilu dovodi do velke koncentracija zemljišta u rukama sve manjeg broja latifundista, što uzrokuje još veću marginalizaciju i osiromašenje seljaka. Na plantažama šećerne trske namenjene proizvodnji bioetanola ima jedan zaposleni na 100 hektara, dok na porodičnim farmama na istoj površini radi 37 ljudi. Brazil je inače zemlja sa najvećim socijalnim razlikama u svetu i ima ogroman broj bezemljaša.
  • 7. Iz do sada rečenog može se zaključiti da biogoriva nisu tako efikasna zamena za naftu i da njihovom upotrebom ne dolazi do smanjivanja emisije štetnih gasova kada se svi inputi uzmu u obzir. Najgore od svega je što su ogromne površine obradivog zemljišta neophodne za proizvodnju bioenergetskih useva, pa bi uskoro mogla biti ugrožena proizvodnja hrane.