According to a cross-cultural study of 186 societies, attitudes toward homosexuality vary significantly across cultures. Only 31% of societies studied stigmatized homosexual behavior, while 38% viewed it as a normal developmental phase for youth and 18% accepted committed same-sex relationships as an alternative form of marriage. The historical stigmatization of homosexuality in America is a product of enculturation rather than universal moral values.

1. .
According to your textbook, “Contrary to a popular
misconception in the West, homosexuality is not universally
stigmatized. Based on the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample of
186 societies, Crapo (1995) found that only 31% of people
stigmatized homosexual behavior, while the remainder either
considered homosexual experimentation to be a normal
developmental phase of preadult life (38%), accepted committed
adult same-sex relationships as an alternative form of marriage
(18%), or even required same-sex relationships among all males
during a period that preceded their being permitted to marry
heterosexually (12%)” (Crapo, 2013, p.161).
In America, the historical stigmatization of homosexuality is a
product of (Points : 1)
enculturation.
cultural relativism.
minimalism.
universal moral values.
Question 2.
2.
Which of the following is an example of an
etic
statement about Americans? (Points : 1)
July 4th is a federal holiday, and I enjoy having the day off
from work. I usually spend time with my family and hang out at
the pool.

2. The Fourth of July is the day we adopted the Declaration of
Independence, declaring our independence from the British in
1776. This had a huge impact on the entire course of history,
leading to the Revolutionary War and the creation of the best
country in the world, the United States of America.
The fireworks displays are my favorite part of the Fourth of
July. I also march in the local parade.
Americans celebrate the 4th of July as the day they declared
independence from colonial powers in 1776. Food is often
cooked outside on grills, even though most houses have electric
ovens inside. It is very hot outside in the middle of summer, and
although many people have electronic cooling devices called air
conditioners within their homes, much of the day is spent
outside. At night, explosives are set off in community
gatherings to celebrate this holiday. Remarkably, very few
people are hurt during these displays.
Question 3.
3.
Which of the following is an example of an
etic
description of teen pregnancy in America? (Points : 1)
One of my friends in high school got pregnant in her
sophomore year. She and the father decided to keep the baby,
got married and just celebrated their 10thanniversary. They both
finished college and have good jobs now. It just goes to show
that people can overcome teen pregnancy and become successful
parents.
Although popular opinion sometimes indicates otherwise,
according to a statistical analysis from the US Department of
Health and Services (2014), teen pregnancy rates have been

3. steadily declining for the past twenty years. In America, most
teenagers are not yet fully independent from their parents, as
teenagers in other cultures sometimes are, so they are not ready
to become parents. Since this issue has a huge impact on young
women and men affected by it, this may account for the
disparity between popular opinion and the statistical data on the
subject.
In my opinion, anyone who gets pregnant as a teenager
should have had better access to birth control and
comprehensive sex education.
After polling my friends on Facebook, I’ve determined that
teen pregnancy rates are not as prevalent among young people
today.
Question 4.
4.
Your Final Research Paper will consist of two parts, which are
(Points : 1)
an etic discussion of another culture and an emic discussion
of your own culture.
a reflexive discussion of another culture and an objective
discussion of your own culture.
an etic discussion of your own culture and an emic
discussion of another culture.
a culturally relativistic discussion of another culture and an
ethnocentric discussion of your own culture.
Question 5.

4. 5.
For your Final Research Paper, you will demonstrate a
perspective of cultural relativism throughout your writing.
Which of the following is an example of a statement you should
not
include in your paper? (Points : 1)
I don't understand why any cultures would practice
infanticide. Why can't they just apply for food stamps or put
their children up for adoption if they can't raise them?
While in our culture, killing a child seems unconscionable,
in other cultures, food may become scarce enough that not all
mouths can be fed, and the parents face the choice of infanticide
or allowing everyone in the family to starve to death.
In what must be a heart-wrenching decision, some families
are not able support two babies when twins are born and may
practice infanticide. The alternative would be for both babies to
die as the mother's milk dries up because she cannot produce
enough for both.
Without governmental safety nets in place, people in small-
scale foraging societies may be forced to practice infanticide by
circumstances outside of their control.
Question 6.
6.
In remote villages in the Himalayas, the practice of polyandry,
or having multiple husbands, works as a form of birth control.
The land can only support a limited number of people, so from
their perspective, it makes sense for women to marry multiple
men in order to limit the number of children who are born.
Monogamy or polygyny (men having multiple wives) would
lead to an explosion in the population, but with polyandry, the

5. wife can only have so many children, no matter how many
husbands she has. (Points : 1)
This is an example of an emic statement about the practice
of polyandry.
This is an example of an ethnocentric statement about the
practice of polyandry.
This is an example of a false statement about the practice of
polyandry.
This is an example of an etic statement about the practice of
polyandry.
Question 7.
7.
Which of the following is an example of an
emic
statement about Native Americans? (Points : 1)
When they were sent to boarding schools, Native Americans
appreciated the chance to be assimilated into mainstream
American culture.
Native Americans were happy to send their children to
boarding schools to learn English and have better job
opportunities.
For Native Americans, it was terrible when the US
government forcibly took their children and sent them away to
boarding schools to be "educated," losing their native language
and customs along the way.

6. The American government did Native Americans a great
service by educating their children for them.
Question 8.
8.
According to your textbook, cultural relativism is exactly the
same as moral relativism (Points : 1)
True
False
Question 9.
9.
When describing your own culture from an etic perspective for
your Final Research Paper, you should (Points : 1)
rely solely on personal experience and opinion.
use reputable statistics and/or scholarly research to support
any factual statements.
poll your friends and family on their experiences.
use opinions expressed in blog entries to support your
points.
Question 10.
10.
For your Final Research Paper, you will use an article by Miner
entitled
Body Ritual among the Nacirema.
The following is a quotation from this article, “The Nacirema

7. have an almost pathological horror of and fascination with the
mouth, the condition of which is believed to have a supernatural
influence on all social relationships. Were it not for the rituals
of the mouth, they believe that their teeth would fall out, their
gums bleed, their jaws shrink, their friends desert them, and
their lovers reject them. They also believe that a strong
relationship exists between oral and moral characteristics. For
example, there is a ritual ablution of the mouth for children
which is supposed to improve their moral fiber” (Miner, 1956,
p.504). (Points : 1)
This is an example of an emic statement about American
culture.
This is an example of an ethnocentric statement about
American culture.
This is not a statement about American culture.
This is an example of an etic statement about American
culture.