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Laura Sutlović
Odjel za fiziku
Multimedijski sustavi
• MIDI (Musical Instrument
Digital Interface) –
komunikacijski standard za
elektroni ke muzi keč č
instrumente i ra unalač
• MIDI protokol – upravlja
razmjenom podataka
izme u elektroni kihđ č
glazbala i ra unalač
• SINTETIZATOR – generator
zvuka koji mo e mijenjatiž
njegova svojstva
• SEKVENCER – softver za
snimanje, reproduciranje i
ure ivanje MIDI dadotekađ
 1982. MIDI se po eoč
koristiti u tonskim studijima
 Svaki proizvo a keđ č
realizirao protokol na svoj
na in, što je dovelo doč
neuskla enosti opremeđ
 International Midi odlu ioč
standardizirati MIDI
protokol te je nastao
GENERAL MIDI standard
 Definira kodove za 128
glazbala i ostalih zvukova
koji se mogu sintetizirati
 MIDI sekvencer – posebni softver za
snimanje, ure ivanje i reproduciranjeđ
MIDI dadoteke
 Elektronsko glazbalo koje podr ava MIDIž
se spoji na MIDI priklju ak.č
 Program snima ono što se svira na
glazbalu
MIDI DIGITALNI AUDIO
 Mala veli ina dadotekač
 Tra i manje resursaž
 Ve a mogu nost ure ivanjać ć đ
 Potrebno muzi ko znanje zač
korištenje
 Ne mo e spremiti govorž
 Lakša i jednostavnija izrada
 Ve a dostupnost softverać
 Pouzdanije reprodukcija
zvuka
 Visoka kvaliteta zvuka
 Reduciranjem veli ineč
zapisa smanjuje se
kvaliteta zvuka
 Algoritmi za kompresiju
zvuka implementirani su
kao kodek (kodek =
koder+dekoder) – ure ajđ
koji kodira i dekodira. Za
svaki format glazbe
potrebno je imati
odgovaraju i kodekć
 Kod komprimiranja
glazbe nastoje se ukloniti
svi signali iji izostanakč
uho ne e opazitić
 MPEG – grupa koja donosi standarde za
komprimiranje, dekomprimiranje i
obradu zvuka
 MP3 komprimira sa gubicima, izvorni
zvuk ne e imati zna ajnih gubitakać č
 Mjera za razinu kompresije – broj bitova
koji e biti potreban za spremanje 1ć
sekunde zvuka
 Najpopularnija kompresija od 128 kbit/s
 Izvore zvuka dijelo na
prirodne (zvukovi iz
prirode, ljudski glas) i
sinteti ke (elektroni kič č
zvukovi)
 Prilikom snimanja
digitalnog zvuka treba
paziti na omjer veli ine ič
kvalitete dadoteka sa
zvu nim zapisomč
 Parametri na koje treba
paziti :
 Frekvencija uzorkovanja,
veli ina uzorka, stereo ilič
mono zvuk, razina
snimanja
 Zvuk se u MM prezentaciju
uklju uje kao pripovjedanje,č
muzika i zvuk u pozadini
 Dobro je miješati sve
elemente, pritom treba paziti
na pretapanje jednog zvuka u
drugi, ukloniti ne eljenež
zvukove, odr avati glasno už ć
ujedna enomč
 HTML5 uvodi tzv.prirodnu
multimediju – svi elementi se
uklju uju kao sastavni objektič
preglednika.
 Pri uklju ivanju zvuka u HTML,č
mo emo uklju iti višež č
formata, te e preglednikć
odabrati onaj koji prepoznaje
 Tehnika prijenosa podataka
s interneta koja omogu avać
da se oni obra uju kao tokđ
podataka
 Zvuk se mo e izvoditi bezž
spremanja na ra unaloč
 Streaming media
tehnologija omogu ujeć
distribuciju audio, video i
animiranog materijala
putem interneta
 Mo e se odvijati kao :ž
REAL-TIME streaming ili
kao ON DEMAND
streaming

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Zvuk (2) - multimedijski sustavi

  • 1. Laura Sutlović Odjel za fiziku Multimedijski sustavi
  • 2. • MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) – komunikacijski standard za elektroni ke muzi keč č instrumente i ra unalač • MIDI protokol – upravlja razmjenom podataka izme u elektroni kihđ č glazbala i ra unalač • SINTETIZATOR – generator zvuka koji mo e mijenjatiž njegova svojstva • SEKVENCER – softver za snimanje, reproduciranje i ure ivanje MIDI dadotekađ
  • 3.  1982. MIDI se po eoč koristiti u tonskim studijima  Svaki proizvo a keđ č realizirao protokol na svoj na in, što je dovelo doč neuskla enosti opremeđ  International Midi odlu ioč standardizirati MIDI protokol te je nastao GENERAL MIDI standard  Definira kodove za 128 glazbala i ostalih zvukova koji se mogu sintetizirati
  • 4.  MIDI sekvencer – posebni softver za snimanje, ure ivanje i reproduciranjeđ MIDI dadoteke  Elektronsko glazbalo koje podr ava MIDIž se spoji na MIDI priklju ak.č  Program snima ono što se svira na glazbalu
  • 5. MIDI DIGITALNI AUDIO  Mala veli ina dadotekač  Tra i manje resursaž  Ve a mogu nost ure ivanjać ć đ  Potrebno muzi ko znanje zač korištenje  Ne mo e spremiti govorž  Lakša i jednostavnija izrada  Ve a dostupnost softverać  Pouzdanije reprodukcija zvuka  Visoka kvaliteta zvuka
  • 6.  Reduciranjem veli ineč zapisa smanjuje se kvaliteta zvuka  Algoritmi za kompresiju zvuka implementirani su kao kodek (kodek = koder+dekoder) – ure ajđ koji kodira i dekodira. Za svaki format glazbe potrebno je imati odgovaraju i kodekć  Kod komprimiranja glazbe nastoje se ukloniti svi signali iji izostanakč uho ne e opazitić
  • 7.  MPEG – grupa koja donosi standarde za komprimiranje, dekomprimiranje i obradu zvuka  MP3 komprimira sa gubicima, izvorni zvuk ne e imati zna ajnih gubitakać č  Mjera za razinu kompresije – broj bitova koji e biti potreban za spremanje 1ć sekunde zvuka  Najpopularnija kompresija od 128 kbit/s
  • 8.  Izvore zvuka dijelo na prirodne (zvukovi iz prirode, ljudski glas) i sinteti ke (elektroni kič č zvukovi)  Prilikom snimanja digitalnog zvuka treba paziti na omjer veli ine ič kvalitete dadoteka sa zvu nim zapisomč  Parametri na koje treba paziti :  Frekvencija uzorkovanja, veli ina uzorka, stereo ilič mono zvuk, razina snimanja
  • 9.  Zvuk se u MM prezentaciju uklju uje kao pripovjedanje,č muzika i zvuk u pozadini  Dobro je miješati sve elemente, pritom treba paziti na pretapanje jednog zvuka u drugi, ukloniti ne eljenež zvukove, odr avati glasno už ć ujedna enomč  HTML5 uvodi tzv.prirodnu multimediju – svi elementi se uklju uju kao sastavni objektič preglednika.  Pri uklju ivanju zvuka u HTML,č mo emo uklju iti višež č formata, te e preglednikć odabrati onaj koji prepoznaje
  • 10.  Tehnika prijenosa podataka s interneta koja omogu avać da se oni obra uju kao tokđ podataka  Zvuk se mo e izvoditi bezž spremanja na ra unaloč  Streaming media tehnologija omogu ujeć distribuciju audio, video i animiranog materijala putem interneta  Mo e se odvijati kao :ž REAL-TIME streaming ili kao ON DEMAND streaming