An over-the-shoulder shot frames one character from behind another character's shoulder. This shot emphasizes conversations between two characters by allowing the audience to see one character's face while positioned as if looking over the other character's shoulder. It helps to establish each character's position and perspective during interactions like conversations by simulating viewing one speaker from the other's point of view. By cutting between over-the-shoulder shots of each conversant, audiences can follow exchanges between the two characters.

1. Camera Work Shot Reference
Lorel Petts

2. Extreme Long Shot/ Establishing Shot
An Establishing shot is used to give the audience an idea where the film or
programme is set. This is usually a wide frame and give a vast image of the setting
for the characters. Typically, an establishing shot is used at the beginning of the
film/programme, to give the audience an initial idea where the characters are.

3. High Angle Shot
A high angle shot is mostly used to look down on the character. This is
used to show that the character looking down perhaps is smaller, not
only in height but is inferior. Also however, it can be used to establish
that the character below is further down, and is looking at something
with great height such as a tower. It can also give a full image of the
character from a different angle.

4. Low Angle Shot
A low angle shot can be used to emphasise the superiority of the characters it is
looking up at. This can show the audience that these characters are more
powerful. It can also a sense of height for shorter actors, so they appear taller to
the audience in the films. They also give a sense of confusion to the audience,
as they suddenly feel more powerless because the characters are situated
higher.

5. Long Shot
This is where you can see the whole of the character, head to toe.
A long shot is used to show the full extent of the character. This is
to show the “life size” image of the characters , so that the
audience can see a more realistic size of the characters compared
to the props in the background. This is to show the full size of the
character whilst still achieving small insights of the background
although the characters are still the main focus.

6. Medium Long Shot
This is where the camera only shows from the knees up.This is used in a
film as it expresses more of the body language to audience and how the
characters react during the scene. By using a medium long shot, it also
means that we see more of the character and less of the background,
which means that the audience are able to focus more on the characters.
For example, in this scene, it is used to show the power and the
togetherness of the characters.

7. Medium Shot
This creates a closer focus on the characters from the
waist up and the audience gets a better image of the
character and less of the background. This makes the
audience focus more on the facial expression of the
character. Although you still can not see the character in
great detail, it can prepare the audience for a close
up/extreme close up. In this example, Oliver Tate is shows
so that the audience can see more of his reaction in the
scene and it can make the scene more emotional.

8. Medium Close Up
This is where the camera is focused from the shoulders up, therefore the main focus
for the character is centred around the face. This shows the expression of te
characters and their reactions to the scene, without getting too close. It can also
prepare the audience for a close up or an extreme close up, and the zoom into the
face is more gradual. In this example, the medium close up is used to show the
expression of the German soldier, as he expresses power and authority, used to
intimidate the audience as they can see his face more clearly.

9. Close Up
This is where the only focus on the face, therefore the facial expressions are
more clear to the audience. This can create more an intimate atmosphere
with the audience as they are able to experience and witness a better visual
of the characters facial expressions/reactions in that scene. This can also be
shown to focus on specific things, therefore emphasises their significance
such as a close up of a trigger on a gun shows whether or not the gunman
will pull the trigger.

10. Extreme Close Up
An extreme close up is a very close up image of someone's
face or a significant object with no background detail. An
extreme close up of an objet is used to emphasise to an
audience, the importance of that object in that scene, such as
an extreme close up of a key. Although, an extreme close up
of someone's face either their mouth or eyes, can be used for
dramatic effect. In this example, a close up of Magneto’s eyes
is used to intimate the audience and dramatize the moment
when Eric become Magneto.

11. Point Of View
This is where the camera’s focus is to show the audience the eye of the
character. It also shows what the character is looking at. This shot is usually
based on the characters perspective. This makes the shot more personal for
the audience as they are able to observe what the character is seeing. In this
example, Harry is looking at the mirror for a sign of help, and the point of
view shot is used to show the significance of the object Harry is looking at
but also his reaction to it.

12. Two Shot
This is a shot where there are two characters in focus. A two shot is
useful for the audience to establish the relationship between the
characters in the scene. If they are at an equal level, then it an mean
that the characters are at equal status to each other. However, if one
is perhaps above the other, it can show the audience that one
character is of more importance of is more powerful than the other.
In addition to this, a two shot can also be used when two characters
are having a conversation, such as this example of The Hunger Games,
and it can be used to move the plot along.

13. Over-the-shoulder Shot
This is where the audience are see one of the character,
positioned over another's shoulder. This can emphasise a
conversation that the two characters are having This shot is
framed from behind a person who is looking at the subject. The
person facing the subject should usually occupy about 1/3 of the
frame.
This shot helps to establish the position of each person, and get
the feel of looking at one person from the other's point of view.
It's common to cut between these shots during a conversation,
alternating the view between the different speakers.