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ВЛИЯНИЕТО НА СУЕВЕРИЯТА ВЪРХУ
РАЗВИТИЕТО НА КИТАЙСКИЯ ЕЗИК
Елица Миланова
I. ОБЩА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА НА КИТАЙСКИЯ
ЕЗИК

II. ФОНЕТИКА НА КИТАЙСКИЯ ЕЗИК
III. ОМОФОНИ В КИТАЙСКИЯ ЕЗИК
IV. ДУМИ- ТАБУ
ДИАЛЕКТИТЕ
ЙЕРОГЛИФЪТ МОЖЕ ДА ОБОЗНАЧАВА:


1. Отделна сричка

Пр.

娜na



2. Едносрична дума

Пр.

mu

-木

”дърво”
木”дърво”
тон

mu
инициал

финал
СМИСЛОРАЗГАРНИЧИТЕЛНА ФУНКЦИЯ НА
ТОНА

mā 妈 майка
ma 麻 лен
mǎ 马 кон
ma 骂ругая
ma 吗въпросителна частица
YU
与- участвам
育- култивирам
玉- нефрит
芋- вид картоф
吁- ю (като междуметие)
域 - регион
郁 - разкошен/ тъжен
誉- репутация/ слава
寓 – съдържам
遇- срещам
浴- баня
裕- нетрудоемко
欲- мечтая/мечта/желание

愈 - възстановявам се
喻 - обяснявам
御- императорски
狱 – затвор/съдебен
процес
预 – предварително
鹬 –третият, който
печели, когато двама се
карат
驭- управлявам (карета)
妪- старица
聿 – тогава и т.н.
Табуирани
думи за
бедствия

Означаващи
бедствие

Омофони на
думи, означав
ащи бедствие
ЕВФЕМИЗМИ ЗА СМЪРТ

死SÌ

•坐化 zhuohua „да застана в поза
лотос”
•归真 guizhen „да се върна към
истината”
•见上帝 jianshangdi „да видя
небесния император”
•见马克思 jianmakesi „да се срещна с
Маркс”
ПРОМЯНА В ГРАМАТИЧЕСКИТЕ КОНСТРУКЦИИ

他不在了

tābùzàile

“Почина”
他不在 tābùzài
го/ излезе”

“Няма
ОМОФОНИ НА ДУМИ ЗА БЕДСТВИЯ

– 4 (фатално
число)
死sì – смърт
四sì
ОМОФОНИ НА ДУМИ ЗА БЕДСТВИЯ

箸子zhùzi = 住 zhù (спирам)
筷子kuàizi = 快kuài (бързо)
ОМОФОНИ НА ДУМИ ЗА БЕДСТВИЯ

帆布fānbù =
платно
抹布mābù

翻 fān
преобръщам
ОМОФОНИ НА ДУМИ ЗА БЕДСТВИЯ

丑chŏu (2 цикличен знак) = 丑chŏu (грозен)

好 hăo (добър/хубав)
亥hài(12 цикличен знак ) = 害hài (страх)
开kāi (тръгвам, разтварям се)

卯măo (4 цикличен знак) 冇măo(нямам)
荣róng (изобилие)
ОМОФОНИ НА ДУМИ ЗА БЕДСТВИЯ

离散lì săn(разделям се)
梨lì (круша) и伞săn (чадър)
圆果yuánguǒ
Кръгъл плод

笠 shuli
Шапка на пръчка
ОМОФОНИ НО ДУМИ ЗА БЕДСТВИЯ

苦瓜kǔguā китайска тиква

吃苦瓜chῙkǔguā – Ям китайска тиква
吃苦 chῙkǔ – Страдам
苦瓜kǔguā

凉瓜liángguā
ТАБУ НА ЛИЧНИТЕ ИМЕНА

Zhēng 政

=

正月zhēngyuè първият месец от
годината

端月duānyuè
ТАБУ НА ЛИЧНИТЕ ИМЕНА

Lǐ shìmín 李世民

世 (век)
民mín (народ)

dài代
ren/hu 人/户 –
човек/семейна
общност
ТАБУ НА ЛИЧНИТЕ ИМЕНА

Dēng 登

放灯 fàngdēng “да запаля лампата”
放火fànghuǒ
ТАБУИРАНЕ НА ОМРАЗНИ НЕЩА
元

– yuán – монголската династия Юен

 元来yuánlái (всъщност/ обичайно)

 原来yuánlái

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Влиянието на суеверията върху развитието на китайския език