In vitro models are crucial tools in cancer research because they assist researchers to identify carcinogens, developing cancer therapies, drug discovery, and study about the molecular pathways of tumour growth and spread. Cancer cells are an essential part of any in vitro tumour model.

1. Applications of Transwell-Based Assays
Studying the influence of chemoattractants on
migration and invasion
Studying the influence of other cell types such as
fibroblast, macrophages on the invasion of cancer
cells
Isolation of invasive/non-invasive cell types for
molecular analysis
Studying relative rates of invasion and migration of
various cell types
Testing the influence of antibodies o invasion and
migration of the cells
In vitro models are crucial tools in cancer
research because they assist researchers to
identify carcinogens, developing cancer
therapies, drug discovery, and study about the
molecular pathways of tumour growth and
spread. Cancer cells are an essential part of
any in vitro tumour model. Cancer cell lines
are simple to culture, allow for quick
comparisons of experiments, and are
commonly employed to research tumour cell
biology molecular pathways. Tumour cell
biology, 3D cell culture, tissue engineering,
biomaterials, microfabrication, and
microfluidics advancements have facilitated
the dynamic development of in vitro tumour
models.
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Transwell-Based Models
The migration of cells from one region to
another is fundamental to the metastatic
process. Transwell assays are commonly used
to evaluate cancer cell migration and
invasion. The three most prevalent transwell-
based assays are:
1. Migration assays: The migration assay
includes planting cancer cells on top of a
porous membrane and counting how many
cells can migrate throughout the membrane
toward a chemoattractant. T this is a simple
assay, the rate of migration via pores
towards serum delivers a high throughput in
vitro tumour model.
2. Invasion assays: Invasion assays bring a
new layer of complication to this paradigm
by adding an Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
layer on the porous membrane. Despite
migration and invasion assays targeting
relatively comparable cell attributes, it is
important to note that some drugs and gene
alterations have a greater effect on invasion
reduction than migration reduction.
3. Transendothelial migration assays:
Placing a confluent layer of endothelial cells
onto a porous layer is used in
transendothelial migration assays. The cell
to cell connections between endothelial cells
and the ECM that they form add intricacy to
this concept. These transendothelial assays
are most typically employed to research
brain capillary endothelium, although other
endothelial cell types, such as HUVECs, can
be studied as well.

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