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Uploaded by
Kento Ichikawa
PDF, PPTX
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なぜ宇宙人も同じ数学に辿りつくのか
Whay E.T.s would get to the same mathematics as ours
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なぜ宇宙人も同じ数学に辿りつくのか
1.
なぜ宇宙人も 同じ数学に辿りつくのか? ヤバ研第9回ワークショップ@BASE大久保 by NPO法人 知的人材ネットワークあいんしゅたいん 市川 憲人
2.
宇宙人の言葉??? 音声?文字?音楽?電波? 画像出典:映画『未知との遭遇』より
3.
カラスのことば 鳴き声の回数で様々な意味 を表現する カラスは数を数える カラスは日本語を知らな い 数字の書き方も知らない でも自然数(の一部)を 使っている!! 出典:『カラス観察30年間の記録』(並木陽子著 小学館スクウェア発行)
4.
線虫のことば 線虫は塩分の濃度に応じて 塩分の高いと移動をはじめ 塩分の低いところへ行く (走性) 線虫は日本語を知らない もちろん数字や実数も 分からない でも塩水が濃いか薄いか 真偽値(ブール代数)を 使っている!!参照・画像の出典:東京大学飯野研究室 http://molecular-ethology.bs.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/labHP/
5.
生物は外部からの刺激を観測して、 それに反応する 生物の中身で何らかの形で 外部からの刺激を表現している 地球外を含めて宇宙の自然を 記述する言葉は数学の言葉 代数:自然数・整数・実数・ブール代数 幾何:円・立方体・空間 解析:関数・方程式 つまり、数学の言葉で表現せざるを得ない 何故そんなことが言い切れるのか?!!
6.
構造主義:ことばの一般論 『一般言語学』ソシュール 指し示されるもの(現実にある対象) →シニフィエ 指し示すもの(記号・イデア・数学記号) →シニフィアン 白い猫が 一匹いる! シニフィエ シニフィアン
7.
ことばは構造を持つ 知的な存在(人間・動物・宇宙人)が何かを認知する →何かをことばによって語る →ことばには規則が必要 1. 意味の構造(semantics) 2. 文法の構造(syntax) 3.
論理の構造(logic)→数学 論理の構造がなければ支離滅裂で文明を作れな い
8.
ブルバキによる 数学の構造主義的再構成 言語によらない 表現方法・修辞・言い回しによらない 誰が数学を使うかにも勿論よらない 論理的である限り共通だと思われる 構造のみで構成する 集合論を意味の入れ物として 最も基礎的な構造とする
9.
論理的?宇宙人と共有可能? 前件肯定 P, P→Q ⊢
Q 後件否定 ¬Q, P→Q ⊢ ¬P 否定導入 P → ⊥ ⊢ ¬P 普遍例化 ∀xψ(x) ⊢ ψ(a) 存在汎化 ψ(a) ⊢ ∃xψ(x) 二重否定の除去 ¬¬P ⊢ P 二重否定の導入 P ⊢ ¬¬P 選言三段論法 P∨Q, ¬P ⊢ Q 仮言三段論法 P→Q, Q→R ⊢ P→R 導出 l∨P, ¬l∨Q ⊢ P∨Q 後件肯定 Q, P→Q ⊢ P 推論規則:論理的推論の決まり 通用しそうか確かめてみよう!
10.
集合論?なにそれ?? 数学は全て集合論から生まれる 何かを認識することは要素を見いだすことから •カラスが出す音を鳴き声の集まりだと思う →鳴き声の集合! •環境を成り立たせる様々な要素の中でも 特に塩分濃度に注目する →要素の集合! (ほぼ)あらゆる物は集合とみなすことができる
11.
集合論を論理の言葉で書く 出典:https://www.lessonplanet.com/teachers/the-axioms-of-zermelo-fraenkel-set-theory-with-choice-zfc
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