Hambre, pobreza y políticas sociales

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En esta breve presentación discuto las diferencias cuantitativas y cualitativas entre el hambre y la pobreza que, aunque asociadas, no son iguales, ni se miden igual, ni afectan al mismo tipo de personas. Puede haber desnutridos que tengan dinero, y pobres que coman bien. Además, presento preguntas que los políticos se hacen sobre si los programas sociales deberían ser universales o focalizados. Hay pros y contras.

Educación

Hambre, pobreza y políticas sociales Jose Luis Vivero Pol Coordinador Regional ACF-E

Paradigma más recienteHAMBRE vs. POBREZA Durante años 90 hubo una identificación Reducción de la pobreza lleva implícito una reducción de la desnutrición Más énfasis conceptual y material en lucha contra la pobreza (BM, FMI con ERP) ERP (25 estudiadas sólo 4 priorizaban la Seguridad Alimentaria) Fuente: FAO 2003

Pobreza vs Desnutrición en América Latina y el Caribe RELACIÓN EXTREMA POBREZA Y DESNUTRICIÓN CRÓNICA (CEPAL 2008) Correlación positiva pero no proporcional (otros factores explican) 1. GUA vs BOL 2. NIC vs ELS 3. ECU vs PER Pobreza no es igual a hambre

¿Porqué la relación no es directa? Factores de educación nutricional: más dinero no significa mejor alimentación (EEUU y obesidad y 8 millones desnutridos) Factores culturales: hábitos alimenticios tradicionales (tortillas), comida basura (comunidades con remesas en CA) Distribución intra-hogar y consideraciones de género (hombres y trabajadores primero)

2.- Políticas Sociales ¿Políticas Compensatorias o Asistencialismo? Mismo programa, diferentes enfoques Derechos Civiles Derechos Sociales Entitlements (AmartyaSen)

Universalización x Focalización Universalización ,[object Object]

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Hambre, pobreza y políticas sociales

1. Hambre, pobreza y políticas sociales Jose Luis Vivero Pol Coordinador Regional ACF-E

2. Paradigma más recienteHAMBRE vs. POBREZA Durante años 90 hubo una identificación Reducción de la pobreza lleva implícito una reducción de la desnutrición Más énfasis conceptual y material en lucha contra la pobreza (BM, FMI con ERP) ERP (25 estudiadas sólo 4 priorizaban la Seguridad Alimentaria) Fuente: FAO 2003

3. Pobreza vs Desnutrición en América Latina y el Caribe RELACIÓN EXTREMA POBREZA Y DESNUTRICIÓN CRÓNICA (CEPAL 2008) Correlación positiva pero no proporcional (otros factores explican) 1. GUA vs BOL 2. NIC vs ELS 3. ECU vs PER Pobreza no es igual a hambre

4. ¿Porqué la relación no es directa? Factores de educación nutricional: más dinero no significa mejor alimentación (EEUU y obesidad y 8 millones desnutridos) Factores culturales: hábitos alimenticios tradicionales (tortillas), comida basura (comunidades con remesas en CA) Distribución intra-hogar y consideraciones de género (hombres y trabajadores primero)

5. 2.- Políticas Sociales ¿Políticas Compensatorias o Asistencialismo? Mismo programa, diferentes enfoques Derechos Civiles Derechos Sociales Entitlements (AmartyaSen)

7. No discrimina

8. Elimina privilegios

9. Más fácil de administrar en países pobres

10. Costo más caro

11.

12. Discrimina

13. Crea privilegios – difícil salida

14. Planeamiento caro e implementación barata

15.