An alternative to FEMA emergency trailer camps that can provide infrastructure for permanent housing development

1. TEMP-TO-PERM NEIGHBORHOOD (TPN)
An Additional Group Site Approach to Meeting
Temporary Disaster Housing Needs
& Facilitating Recovery of Permanent Housing and
Communities
Prepared by
Jorge Quintero
FEMA Long Term Community Recovery
Birmingham, AL
6-07-11

2. TEMP-TO-PERM NEIGHBORHOOD (TPN)
•Additional option to the traditional FEMA Group Site when private
and commercial temporary housing sites and other temporary
housing such as hotels are inadequate to meet demand.
•Appropriate in situations where the time required to repair or
rebuild permanent homes will be protracted and where suitable
property for traditional groups sites is scarce or considered
unacceptable for temporary housing.
•Facilitates securing sites and obtaining local government
approvals by providing a clear exit strategy for the temporary
housing facility and provides long term community infrastructure.
•By providing a head start on developing permanent housing, the
temporary housing period can be shortened.
•Cognizant of practical issues facing FEMA IA

3. TEMP-TO-PERM NEIGHBORHOOD (TPN)
REUSABLE INFRASTRUCTURE •Infrastructure (roadways, water, sewer,
electric, etc.) installed so as to be
reused for future permanent housing
on the same site.
•Full permanent infrastructure (asphalt
paving, sidewalks, etc.) is not
necessary at the temporary stage
although what is installed needs to
meet the standards for permanent
placement.
•Initial higher cost offset by elimination of cost to restore site.
•Added value of infrastructure to property owner may reduce or eliminate the land
acquisition expense to FEMA.
•Not-profit housing organizations excellent candidates to take advantage of these
opportunities.
•Reuse of infrastructure material is a Green approach to the utilization of scarce
resources.

4. TEMP-TO-PERM NEIGHBORHOOD (TPN)
DUAL USE LOTS
•TPN designed with the end-use in
mind while considering the efficient
use of the property initially to
maximize housing opportunities for
survivors during the temporary
stage
•Lots are dimensioned to
accommodate both temporary and
permanent structures
•Exact dimensions depend on
specific community standards and
the intended temporary and
•Resulting density for either the temporary or
permanent housing products
permanent use stages need only be
marginally different from that which would
have occurred had the dual purpose
approach not been taken

5. TEMP-TO-PERM NEIGHBORHOOD (TPN)
MIXED-USE
•TPNs incorporate community-
serving open space and, where
appropriate, the potential for
commercial services both
temporary and long term.
•Civic and Commercial facilities
can be housed in tents or
prefabricated structures during
the temporary use stage.
•TPNs can accommodate
civic and religious functions
preserving the social fabric of
the community and support
and retain small business
owners within the affected
community.

6. TEMP-TO-PERM NEIGHBORHOOD (TPN)
PHASE I (A): Aerial View of a Traditional FEMA Group Site (GS) with
manufactured homes, park models or trailers installed.
•Traditional GS have little to no potential for transitioning into a
non-MH permanent housing site and community.
Utility chase down middle
of lots of and lot size of
typical FEMA group site
precludes alternative
future uses.

7. TEMP-TO-PERM NEIGHBORHOOD (TPN)
PHASE I (B): Aerial View of a Temp-to-
Perm Neighborhood with manufactured
homes placed initially along with
temporary community services.
•The TPNs reusable infrastructure, site
plan, and lot size and arrangement are
designed to be leveraged for permanent
housing and community redevelopment.

8. TEMP-TO-PERM NEIGHBORHOOD (TPN)
PHASE Il (C): Aerial View of a
Temp-to-Perm Neighborhood
after manufactured homes
have been replaced with
mixed-use housing and
commercial facilities through
a public private partnership

9. TEMP-TO-PERM NEIGHBORHOOD (TPN)
Comparative Cost
In 2005, an analysis was prepared for the
FEMA’s Joint Housing Solution Center by
FEMA’s designated Group Site contractor
comparing the infrastructure cost of a
conventional FEMA Mobile Home (MH) Group
Site to a TPN approach. For the 16.3 AC
Louisiana site in question, the infrastructure cost
of the traditional approach was $41,592 per MH
not including the cost to restore the site at close-
out. The cost utilizing the TPN approach was
$43,243 per MH not considering the likely
reduced land acquisition cost to FEMA due to
the residual value of the infrastructure to the
property owner. The difference in direct
infrastructure cost was attributed to the slightly
lower density achieved with the TPN approach
during the temporary stage as compared to the
TPN approach. Comparable density and costs
will vary depending on the specific site.

10. TEMP-TO-PERM NEIGHBORHOOD (TPN)