Enzymes and co-enzymes are affected by several factors including concentration of the enzyme and substrate, as well as temperature, pH, metal ions, and product concentration. Specifically, increasing enzyme or substrate concentration can increase reaction rate up to a point, while higher temperatures and appropriate pH levels for an enzyme's active site also tend to increase reaction rate. Certain metal ions are also required as co-factors for some enzymatic reactions to occur.

1. ENZYMES AND CO-
ENZYMES

4. Factors affecting enzyme activity (KINETICS)
1. Enzyme conc.
2. Substrate conc. (Km)
3. Product conc.
4. Temp.
5. pH
6. Metal ions