2. Irritable heart
Battle shock
Shell shock
War strain
War neurosis,
Combat exhaustion
3.
4. Combat: is a purposeful violent conflict meant to weaken, establish dominance
over, or kill the opposition, or to drive the opposition away from a location
where it is not wanted or needed. Is any violent conflict between individuals or
nations
Trauma: is an emotional response to a terrible event like an accident, rape or
natural disaster. Immediately after the event, shock and denial are typical.
Longer term reactions include unpredictable emotions, flashbacks, strained
relationships and even physical symptoms like headaches or nausea
(APA,2014)
Stress: interference with normal living, damage your physical health or cause
difficulties with concentration or mood. (APA,2014).
Stress is simply a reaction to a stimulus that disturbs our physical or mental
equilibrium. (Psychologytoday,2014)
5. Difficulties with relationships
frustration and depression ("Every man has his
breaking point).
Stay to self/Guarded
Forgets until trigger occurs
That it can wear off
Self medications
Fluctuating in appetite and sexual interest
6. When diagnosing an individual with CPTSD his or her
personality, developmental history, and situational
context should be consider in an effort to make an
accurate diagnosis.
CPTSD has no duration as long as the individual has
experience an trauma based on their perception.
7. PTSD
•Clinical interpretation
•occurs as a result of injury
•or severe psychological shock
•must have a history of or have direct exposure to an extreme traumatic event.
•Explosive behaviors
•Does not always have a violent History
• Event must involves an actual threat or threatened death or serious injury
8. Police officers (“Never let them see you cry”)
Citizens (gang affiliations, bullying etc.)
Rape Victims
Soldiers
Dispatchers
“What can be a minor experience to one can be traumatic for another”
9. 60% of men 50% women (military 2010)
Traumatic Incident at a Law Enforcement
Agency
Experianced a tramatic incident No experience
10. Age of Raped Victimss/Reported
Under 18 Under 30 Not Reported Reported
11. Street Gangs has 94% presence of a population of 100,000 US.
Cities
Chicago Cook County Hospital
2,000 patients (gunshots, stabbing, violent injuries)
43 % showed signs and symptoms
Atlanta Researcher Interviewed 8,000 residents
1/3 were violently attached
1 in 3 experienced CPTSD symptoms
Rates are as high or Higher than the military
12. 1. Individual perception of Combat/Trauma
• The amygdala and prefrontal cortex are key brain
regions involved in threat detection and fear regulation.
• Combat exposure increased amygdala reactivity in
military soldiers, whereas no significant change was
observed in soldiers that were never deployed.
• Combat exposure also increased insula
reactivity in soldiers (Van Wingen, G., Geuze, E., Vermetten, E., Fernández, G., 2011).
13. • Influence on amygdala is dependent on perceived
threat, rather than actual exposure, suggesting that threat
appraisal affects interceptive awareness and amygdala
regulation.
14. 2. Improved understanding and focus on CPSTD by
clinicians
• Civilian clinicians may not be as familiar with the
nature and intensity of combat
• These may “feel” somewhat different to treat
• Returning soldiers not only suffer from more
“standard” traumatic events (e.g., witnessing a friend die,
being raped), but may also experience PTSD symptoms due
to actions they have themselves taken (e.g., killing enemy
combatants).
• Improved awareness of specified treatment options.
15. 3. Specified treatment options for CPTSD
Prolonged Exposure (PE)
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
(EMDR)
Cognitive Processing Therapies (CPT)
PE possessing the most empirical evidence in favor of
its efficacy
16. 4. Misdiagnosed PTSD
There has been controversial issue surrounding the US military's
diagnostic application with PTSD surrounding three aspects,
being:
The diagnosis of thousands of veterans upon return from
deployment with personality based disorders.
Pre-existing condition
No compensation / No treatment
Confusion between Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and PTSD
symptom overlap
The intentional misdiagnosis by treating physicians due to
Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA).
“Didn’t see enough trauma”
17. Cognitive –Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
Trauma –Focused Cognitive behavior therapy (TF-CBT)
Medication Management
Exposure therapy: form of behavioral therapy help
patients safely confront the memories or things that are
upsetting or distributing, so that they can learn to cope
effectively.
18. www.emotionaltuning.com
www./psyhcentral.com/lib/facts
American Psychiatric Association. (2013) Diagnostic andstatistical manual of mental disorder, (5th ed
). Washington DC: Author.
www.marketheconnection.net
Becker, B.B., Zayfert, C Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for PTSD: A Case Formulation Approach
Cohen, J. A, Deblinger, E., Mannarino, A. P., ( 2006). Treating Traumatic Grief in Children and
Adolescents. New York, NY
Sharpless, B., Barber, J. (2011). A clinician’s guide to PTSD treatments for returning veterans.
Professional Psychology: Research and Practice: 42(1): 8-15.
Carlson,J., Chemtob,C., Rusnak,K.,Hedlund,N. (1996). Eye movement desensitization and
reprocessing treatment for combat PTSD. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice,
Training 33(1):104–113.
Rozynko, V., Dondershine, H.,(1991). Trauma focus group therapy for Vietnam veterans with
PTSD. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training 28(1):157–161
https://www.rainn.org/statisticsRetrieved April 19, 2014
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-
ptsd/index.shtml
http://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/stress
