Go is a programming language created by Google to help solve their problems of managing large codebases and teams of engineers. It was designed for productivity, scalability, and simplicity. Some key facts are that Go is now over half a decade old, was created by notable programmers like Ken Thompson, and is used widely at Google and elsewhere due to its good standard library and ability to compile to machine code for easy deployment. The future of Go includes expanded platform support and ongoing improvements to areas like garbage collection.