1. Which of the following statements about bureaucracy is false?
Answer
a.
Secretaries and other assistants often have more power than their job description or salary indicates.
b.
The informal culture of bureaucracy works to make all employees feel more connected and included.
c.
Subcultures develop even in the largest bureaucracies.
d.
Informal norms within a bureaucracy may increase or decrease worker productivity.
1 points
Question 2
1.
Teenagers, truck drivers, and the elderly are all examples of _____.
Answer
a.
secondary groups
b.
social categories
c.
primary groups
d.
none of these choices
1 points
Question 3
1.
Attribution error refers to a situation in which one
Answer
a.
fails to see that group membership is the cause of a person’s behavior.
b.
completely misunderstands the action in a particular situation.
c.
falsely attributes a person’s behavior to membership in a particular group.
d.
blames something on one person that is really the fault of another person.
1 points
Question 4
1.
Which of these is not an example of a utilitarian organization?
Answer
a.
the University of Michigan
b.
Microsoft
c.
NAACP
d.
General Motors
1 points
Question 5
1.
Which of the following illustrates a common type of attribution error?
Answer
a.
a girl who does well in science is perceived as being unusually smart
b.
a white person observes a white student taking a wallet out of someone’s purse and assumes the student was asked to do so by the owner
c.
a Hispanic student is carrying a baseball bat and it is assumed he intends to vandalize something
d.
All of these are illustrations of attribution error.
1 points
Question 6
1.
The informal structure of a bureaucracy
Answer
a.
increases the feelings of solidarity among all workers.
b.
develops among those at the top of the organizational structure.
c.
uses alternate channels to get some things done faster.
d.
follows the same rules and regulations as the formal structure.
1 points
Question 7
1.
Which perspective is most likely to focus on the fact that individuals experience stress and alienation as a result of being subordinated within a formal organization?
Answer
a.
feminist theory
b.
conflict theory
c.
functionalist theory
d.
symbolic interaction theory
1 points
Question 8
1.
The psychological separation of a person from an organization and its goals is called _____.
Answer
a.
alienation
b.
risky shift
c.
ritualism
d.
organizational deviance
1 points
Question 9
1.
Applied to a situation like the torture of Iraqi prisoners in American prison Abu Ghraib, Milgram’s and Asch’s findings would indicate that
Answer
a.
soldiers are more sadistic than the average college student or American citizen.
b.
American soldiers would only commit torture if following a direct order with fear of punishment for not carrying it out.
c.
there was a serious breakdown in respect for authority that caused soldiers to violate the international standards ...
1. Which of the following statements about bureaucracy is false.docx
1. 1. Which of the following statements about bureaucracy
is false?
Answer
a.
Secretaries and other assistants often have more power than
their job description or salary indicates.
b.
The informal culture of bureaucracy works to make all
employees feel more connected and included.
c.
Subcultures develop even in the largest bureaucracies.
d.
Informal norms within a bureaucracy may increase or decrease
worker productivity.
1 points
Question 2
1.
Teenagers, truck drivers, and the elderly are all examples of
_____.
Answer
a.
secondary groups
b.
social categories
c.
primary groups
2. d.
none of these choices
1 points
Question 3
1.
Attribution error refers to a situation in which one
Answer
a.
fails to see that group membership is the cause of a person’s
behavior.
b.
completely misunderstands the action in a particular situation.
c.
falsely attributes a person’s behavior to membership in a
particular group.
d.
blames something on one person that is really the fault of
another person.
1 points
Question 4
1.
Which of these is not an example of a utilitarian organization?
Answer
a.
the University of Michigan
b.
Microsoft
c.
NAACP
3. d.
General Motors
1 points
Question 5
1.
Which of the following illustrates a common type of attribution
error?
Answer
a.
a girl who does well in science is perceived as being unusually
smart
b.
a white person observes a white student taking a wallet out of
someone’s purse and assumes the student was asked to do so by
the owner
c.
a Hispanic student is carrying a baseball bat and it is assumed
he intends to vandalize something
d.
All of these are illustrations of attribution error.
1 points
Question 6
1.
The informal structure of a bureaucracy
Answer
a.
increases the feelings of solidarity among all workers.
b.
develops among those at the top of the organizational structure.
4. c.
uses alternate channels to get some things done faster.
d.
follows the same rules and regulations as the formal structure.
1 points
Question 7
1.
Which perspective is most likely to focus on the fact that
individuals experience stress and alienation as a result of being
subordinated within a formal organization?
Answer
a.
feminist theory
b.
conflict theory
c.
functionalist theory
d.
symbolic interaction theory
1 points
Question 8
1.
The psychological separation of a person from an organization
and its goals is called _____.
Answer
a.
alienation
b.
5. risky shift
c.
ritualism
d.
organizational deviance
1 points
Question 9
1.
Applied to a situation like the torture of Iraqi prisoners in
American prison Abu Ghraib, Milgram’s and Asch’s findings
would indicate that
Answer
a.
soldiers are more sadistic than the average college student or
American citizen.
b.
American soldiers would only commit torture if following a
direct order with fear of punishment for not carrying it out.
c.
there was a serious breakdown in respect for authority that
caused soldiers to violate the international standards for
treatment of prisoners.
d.
the cause of the American soldiers’ inhumane treatment of
prisoners is partly the structure of the situation and group
pressure.
1 points
Question 10
1.
According to Weber bureaucracies have positive functions that
6. contribute to their overall unity. Weber termed these _____.
Answer
a.
manifest functions
b.
eufunctions
c.
positive functions
d.
non-dysfunctions
1. According to sociologists studying crime,
Answer
a.
both organized crime and corporate crime have an
institutionalized character.
b.
organized crime is a term that is applied only to the Mafia in the
U.S.
c.
financial loss from street crime is greater than that from
organized or corporate crime.
d.
All of these are true statements.
1 points
Question 2
7. 1.
A criticism of the functional perspective of deviance is that it
Answer
a.
places too much emphasis on the individual.
b.
fails to see the good that deviance accomplishes.
c.
does not explain why some people are able to impose their ideas
judgments on others.
d.
overemphasizes injustice and inequality in society.
1 points
Question 3
1.
From a functionalist perspective, daily MSC: NEWs stories of
incidents of crime
Answer
a.
focus attention on the underprivileged and hide the criminality
of the upper classes.
b.
plant ideas, and serves to socialize others into criminal
behavior.
c.
serve to define others in society as non-criminal and therefore
good.
8. d.
All of these choices are true.
1 points
Question 4
1.
Which of the following is an example of informal deviance?
Answer
a.
a traffic ticket
b.
underage drinking
c.
body piercing
d.
polygamy
1 points
Question 5
1.
How do sociologists define deviance?
Answer
a.
as any behavior that is extreme and unsettling
b.
they look at what the media focuses on
c.
by applying the laws of society
9. d.
through the understanding of social norms
1 points
Question 6
1.
According to ______ people behave as they do because of the
meanings that they give to different situations.
Answer
a.
social control theory
b.
functionalism
c.
conflict theory
d.
symbolic interaction theory
1 points
Question 7
1.
A significant difference between functionalist and conflict
theory is that
Answer
a.
functionalism pays more attention to the individual than conflict
theory does.
b.
functionalism ignores the role of deviance in society, while this
is a focus for conflict.
10. c.
functionalism assumes the system works for the good of the
whole, and conflict theory does not.
d.
functionalists focus more on the social structure than conflict
theorists do.
1 points
Question 8
1.
Psychological explanations of deviance emphasize _____ as the
underlying cause of deviant behavior.
Answer
a.
the context within which the deviance occurred
b.
the effects of labeling
c.
individual factors
d.
patterns of inequality in society
1 points
Question 9
1.
A strength of conflict theory in terms of understanding deviance
is
Answer
a.
11. its insight into the significance of power relationships.
b.
its ability to see how the entire social system works for the
benefit of all.
c.
its recognition of the importance of shared values and beliefs.
d.
All of these choices are true.
1 points
Question 10
1.
Within Merton’s structural strain theory, prostitution would best
be described as a form of _____.
Answer
a.
rebellion
b.
ritualism
c.
innovation
d.
retreatism
12. 1. Evaluations of the welfare reform of 1996 (PRWRA) have
found that
Answer
a.
the number of people receiving welfare has decreased.
b.
the amount of poverty in the U.S. has decreased.
c.
the wages earned in workfare programs are keeping women and
their children out of poverty.
d.
All of these choices are true.
1 points
Question 2
1.
According to William Julius Wilson, the “underclass” is
Answer
a.
actually comprised of unemployed individuals from rural, more
than urban, areas.
b.
the result of structural transformations in the economy.
c.
the product of a welfare system that is so generous that going to
work is not an attractive option.
13. d.
mostly found in the suburbs of big cities.
1 points
Question 3
1.
Which type of theorist would be most likely to see inequality in
the social system as fair, because everyone has an equal chance
of getting ahead?
Answer
a.
social exchange theory
b.
symbolic interaction
c.
functionalism
d.
conflict theory
1 points
Question 4
1.
When members of the subordinated classes internalize the views
of the dominant class and justify inequality, Karl Marx termed
this ______.
Answer
a.
class consciousness
b.
14. normative consciousness
c.
stratified consciousness
d.
false consciousness
1 points
Question 5
1.
Which of the following is false regarding social class?
Answer
a.
Social class shapes one’s access to resources in society.
b.
It is not possible for people to change whatever social class
they are born into.
c.
People in the same social class share similar opportunities.
d.
It is not possible to directly observe social class.
1 points
Question 6
1.
Which of the following is true about the effects of gender on
stratification?
Answer
a.
Based on their own income and education levels, most women
15. would be considered middle-class
b.
The median income for women is far below the national median
income level.
c.
When women have as much education as men, they have jobs
that pay as well.
d.
All of these choices are true.
1 points
Question 7
1.
_____ sees inequality as a motivator of people to fill the
different and necessary positions in society.
Answer
a.
Symbolic interactionist theory
b.
Conflict theory
c.
Functionalist theory
d.
Social exchange theory
1 points
Question 8
1.
Class divisions in the United States have been growing due to
16. which of the following factors?
Answer
a.
Reductions in state and federal spending have eliminated many
government jobs.
b.
Manufacturing jobs in the U.S. are being eliminated.
c.
Middle class people are being forced to take lower paying jobs.
d.
all of the above
1 points
Question 9
1.
Weber’s concept of party is what we now call ______.
Answer
a.
prestige
b.
class
c.
status
d.
power
1 points
17. Question 10
The term for the total value of what one owns, minus one’s
debts, is _____.
Answer
a.
prestige
b.
income
c.
class position
d.
wealth
1. Although the high-income countries have only 15 percent of
the world’s population, together they use _____ of the world’s
energy.
Answer
a.
more than a half
18. b.
one-fourth
c.
more than a third
d.
three-fourths
1 points
Question 2
1.
Modernization derives some of its thinking from the work of
_____ who argued that the value of individual achievement
emphasized by Protestants promoted economic development
during the Industrial Revolution.
Answer
a.
Herbert Spencer
b.
Max Weber
c.
Karl Marx
d.
Emile Durkheim
1 points
Question 3
1.
The total volume of goods and services produced by a country
each year, divided by the population is called the ______.
Answer
19. a.
the consumer index
b.
per capita gross national income (per capita GNI)
c.
production index
d.
the net national product (NNP)
1 points
Question 4
1.
According to _____, poverty results from adherence to
traditional values and customs.
Answer
a.
dependency theory
b.
world systems theory
c.
social exchange theory
d.
modernization theory
1 points
Question 5
1.
According to the text, world poverty is caused by
20. Answer
a.
unstable governments unable to provide basic services.
b.
economies reorganized to pay debt decreasing resources for
human services.
c.
changes in the world economic system that have favored some
economies over others.
d.
All of these choices are true.
1 points
Question 6
1.
Using power as a dimension, the countries of the world can be
divided economically into three levels. Those with the most
power are the _____.
Answer
a.
cornerstone nations
b.
semiperipheral countries
c.
peripheral countries
d.
core countries
1 points
21. Question 7
1.
The examples of India and China as newly industrializing
countries are notable because they demonstrate
Answer
a.
that communist countries can develop economically.
b.
that countries with large populations may experience successful
economic development.
c.
that economic development may take place without
industrialization.
d.
All of these choices are true.
1 points
Question 8
1.
Which of these statements related to global stratification
is true?
Answer
a.
All people in poor countries are poor.
b.
Poor countries lack natural resources.
c.
The majority of the world’s population lives in poor countries.
22. d.
All of these choices are true.
1 points
Question 9
1.
Burundi and Sierra Leone are examples of ______.
Answer
a.
core countries
b.
hybrid countries
c.
peripheral countries
d.
semi-peripheral countries
1 points
Question 10
1.
Which of these is a problem for countries with high birthrates?
Answer
a.
a lack of workers and the need to import labor
b.
strains on public services such as schools and hospitals
c.
competition among adults over custody of the younger
23. generation
d.
a low death rate
1. In order to limit the number of immigrants, the U.S.
government
Answer
a.
created ethnic quotas that limited the number of immigrants
from places other than western and northern Europe.
b.
subjected potential immigrants to literacy tests.
c.
applied I.Q. tests in English to immigrants who were not
English-speaking.
d.
All of these choices are true.
1 points
Question 2
24. 1.
Which of these statements regarding the racial system in Brazil
is false?
Answer
a.
In Brazil a person is considered Black only if they have no
discernible White ancestry.
b.
A person who might be considered Black in the U.S. would be
considered white in Brazil if they had high socioeconomic
status.
c.
Brazil has successfully created a nation in which there is no
social inequality based on race.
d.
All of these choices are true.
1 points
Question 3
1.
Which of these statements regarding the position of Native
Americans in this country is false?
Answer
a.
Historical accounts have underrepresented the vast cultural and
social heterogeneity of tribes prior to European conquest.
b.
Today Native Americans have the highest poverty rate of any
group in the U.S.
25. c.
Only about one-fourth of Native Americans live on or near
reservations today.
d.
Native American populations were devastated by European
diseases from which they had no immunity
1 points
Question 4
1.
Which of these statements regarding the judgments people make
about others is false?
Answer
a.
Most of the time the quick judgments that people make are
remarkably comprehensive and accurate.
b.
The judgments people make enable them to process a great deal
of information very quickly.
c.
Quickly categorizing the people one meets is a very common
and widespread practice.
d.
People make quick assessments and judgments about others in
order to save time.
1 points
Question 5
1.
The Black power movement of the late 1960s
Answer
26. a.
rejected assimilation.
b.
recognized the institutional power that Whites had over Blacks.
c.
advocated separatism, under the leadership of Malcolm X.
d.
all of the above
1 points
Question 6
1.
The principle of ______ holds that stereotypes, especially
negative ones, are often applied interchangeable from one group
to another.
Answer
a.
cultural relativism
b.
selective identity
c.
stereotype interchangeability
d.
universal applicability
1 points
Question 7
1.
27. The National Origins Quota Act of 1924 limited the number of
immigrants
Answer
a.
from Mexico and Central America.
b.
who could enter the U.S. on temporary working visas.
c.
who were Jewish.
d.
to the percentage equal to the numbers already in the U.S.
1 points
Question 8
1.
The histories of African Americans, Hispanics, and Asian
Americans are very different, however the text argues that they
are similar to the extent that they all have experienced _____.
Answer
a.
a system of White supremacy
b.
economic exploitation
c.
political disenfranchisement
d.
All of these choices are true.
1 points
28. Question 9
1.
William Julius Wilson believes the cause of the emergence of an
urban underclass is
Answer
a.
the “culture of poverty.”
b.
economic and social structural deficits in society.
c.
prejudice and racism.
d.
too much immigration from some areas.
1 points
Question 10
1.
Study of salience characteristics in stereotyping indicates that
Answer
a.
all societies base stereotypes about members of different groups
on the same salient characteristics.
b.
age and sex are the only characteristics to which stereotypes are
almost never attached.
c.
the choice of salient characteristics as the basis for stereotypes
is culturally determined.
29. d.
in the U.S. the salient characteristic used most often for
stereotyping is religion.
1. Both functionalism and conflict theory
Answer
a.
relate sexuality to the stability of the family.
b.
understand sexuality in terms of the overall organization of
society.
c.
see sexuality in relation to power and the economic structure of
society.
d.
emphasize how sexual identities are socially constructed.
1 points
Question 2
1.
Sexual identity
Answer
a.
is something that evolves over time.
30. b.
is influenced by political movements and relationships with
others.
c.
sometimes undergoes a change at some time in one’s life.
d.
all of these are true
1 points
Question 3
1.
Queer theory
Answer
a.
only applies to transgender people.
b.
takes the view that only one type of sexuality is normal.
c.
considers sexual identity to be biologically based.
d.
challenges the belief that one is either gay or straight.
1 points
Question 4
1.
Public opinion about abortion
Answer
a.
31. has become increasingly liberal over time.
b.
has become increasingly conservative over time.
c.
has remained relatively constant over the last 20 years.
d.
none of these; there is little research on public opinion about
abortion.
1 points
Question 5
1.
Research findings indicate that gays and lesbians
Answer
a.
do not assume dominant and submissive roles in their
relationships.
b.
generally have a negative impact on their children.
c.
actively try to seduce or “recruit” straight people.
d.
are mostly middle or upper class.
32. 1. According to the text, what proportion of Americans believe
that religion can solve all or most of society’s problems?
Answer
a.
one-fourth
b.
one-half
c.
two-thirds
d.
one-fifth
1 points
Question 2
1.
_____ theorists argue that families serve to socialize children
into being obedient workers and good consumers to fit the needs
of capitalism.
Answer
a.
Conflict
b.
Symbolic interaction
c.
Social exchange
33. d.
Functionalist
1 points
Question 3
1.
“Religion is the basis for intergroup conflict.” This statement
most closely reflects _____.
Answer
a.
functionalism
b.
conflict theory
c.
symbolic interaction theory
d.
feminist theory
1 points
Question 4
1.
What type of marriage is most characteristic of the U.S. today?
Answer
a.
monogamy
b.
serial monogamy
c.
polygamy
34. d.
polygyny
1 points
Question 5
1.
Emile Durkheim argued that religion is
Answer
a.
a distinct threat to social cohesion.
b.
an institution that exists in direct opposition to the other
institutions that exist in society.
c.
a tool for class oppression.
d.
functional for society because it reaffirms the social bonds that
people have with each other.
1 points
Question 6
1.
Religion is an institutionalized system of _____ by which a
group of people interprets and responds to what they feel is
sacred and that provides answers to questions of ultimate
meaning.
Answer
a.
symbols
35. b.
beliefs
c.
values
d.
all of the above
1 points
Question 7
1.
Sociologists sometimes measure the intensity and consistency of
a person’s faith. This is termed _____.
Answer
a.
religiosity
b.
devotion
c.
fundamentalism
d.
theism
1 points
Question 8
1.
The largest religion in the world (measured in numbers of
followers) is _____.
Answer
a.
36. Buddhism
b.
Christianity
c.
Hinduism
d.
Islam
1 points
Question 9
1.
Among industrialized nations, the country that provides the
least support for maternity and childhood policies is _____.
Answer
a.
the United States
b.
Canada
c.
Japan
d.
Australia
1 points
Question 10
1.
Weber believed that the search for signs of religious salvation
supported the development of _____.
Answer
37. a.
Protestantism
b.
religion
c.
capitalism
d.
socialism
Question 1
1.
Sociologists believe that the most important factor in reducing
the incidence of AIDS is
Answer
a.
understanding the social networks and social norms for
transmission of the disease.
b.
new drug protocols for treatment.
c.
education for protection against the disease.
d.
a great deal more funding for health care clinics worldwide.
38. 1 points
Question 2
1.
According to the text, which of these is a major contributor to
skyrocketing health-care costs in the U.S.?
Answer
a.
increasing costs of hospital care
b.
the costs of malpractice insurance
c.
third party payment system
d.
All of these are causes.
1 points
Question 3
1.
The criticism of credentialism is most associated with _____.
Answer
a.
social exchange theory
b.
symbolic interaction theory
c.
conflict theory
d.
39. functionalism
1 points
Question 4
1.
The extent to which standardized tests accurately predict future
college grades is called the _____ of the tests.
Answer
a.
assessment capacity
b.
predictive validity
c.
analytical viability
d.
reliability
1 points
Question 5
1.
Even if the poor had better access to health care services, they
would still have lower health status because
Answer
a.
low-income neighborhoods are more likely to have elevated
rates of pollution.
b.
the psychological stress of financial burdens is related to ill
health.
40. c.
there are some detrimental personal habits, such as smoking,
that are correlated with lower social class.
d.
All of these choices are true.
1 points
Question 6
1.
According to the _____ perspective, the fundamental problem of
the health care system is that it produces some problems that
contribute to disharmony in society.
Answer
a.
symbolic interactionist
b.
feminist
c.
conflict
d.
functionalist
1 points
Question 7
1.
W Level of formal education achieved is strongly correlated
with _____.
Answer
a.
occupational prestige
41. b.
life satisfaction
c.
income
d.
wealth
1 points
Question 8
1.
The capacity for abstract thinking is referred to as _____.
Answer
a.
mental ability
b.
cognitive ability
c.
psychosocial ability
d.
intellectual ability
1 points
Question 9
1.
Education in the U.S. was made compulsory in _____.
Answer
a.
1778
42. b.
1920
c.
1900
d.
1860
1 points
Question 10
1.
Research in social epidemiology has found that
Answer
a.
white women are more likely to die in childbirth than African
American women.
b.
cervical cancer is the only disease for which Whites have a
higher rate than Black women.
c.
the mortality rate for breast cancer among African American
women is much higher than for White women.
d.
death in during pregnancy is three times more likely for White
women than for African American women.
43. Question 1
1.
Which of these statements regarding gays and lesbians in the
military is false?
Answer
a.
The policy “Don’t ask; don’t tell” has effectively kept gays and
lesbians in the military from being discriminated against.
b.
Homophobia is very pervasive within military culture.
c.
There have long been gays and lesbians in service in the
military.
d.
The U.S. military does acknowledge that gays and lesbians have
been serving in all branches of the armed forces.
1 points
Question 2
1.
According to the _____ model of state power, political power is
diffused broadly throughout society and derives from the
activities of interest groups.
Answer
a.
autonomous state
b.
pluralist
44. c.
feminist theory
d.
power elite
1 points
Question 3
1.
Sociologists define work as
Answer
a.
productive activity that creates something of value, goods or
services.
b.
human activity in the public sphere.
c.
human activity that is paid either by hourly wage or salary.
d.
participation in any activity that increases the gross domestic
product.
1 points
Question 4
1.
_____ theorists see economic restructuring as the result of
tensions and power differences between groups vying for social
and economic resources.
Answer
a.
Social exchange
45. b.
Conflict
c.
Functionalist
d.
Symbolic interaction
1 points
Question 5
1.
Which of the following is not included in the sociological
concept of the state?
Answer
a.
organized power and authority in society
b.
the military
c.
the court system
d.
a state, like Alaska, within the U.S.
1 points
Question 6
1.
In terms of the frequency of occurrence of sexual harassment,
Answer
a.
46. there is evidence that White women are harassed more often
than women of color.
b.
same-gender sexual harassment does not occur.
c.
about three percent of sexual harassment cases involve men as
the victims.
d.
the rate has dropped to about only a fourth of working women
who are ever harassed.
1 points
Question 7
1.
Autonomous state theory builds from the sociological
discussion of _____ originally proposed by Max Weber.
Answer
a.
identity
b.
solidarity
c.
capitalism
d.
bureaucracy
1 points
Question 8
1.
47. According to research done for the Pentagon, _____ percent of
women in the military have experienced sexual harassment
including sexual coercion.
Answer
a.
19
b.
2
c.
33
d.
9
1 points
Question 9
1.
In the U.S. the class-based division of labor is correlated most
closely with _____.
Answer
a.
race
b.
sex
c.
education
d.
age
1 points
48. Question 10
1.
Which of these types of work is valued most highly in the
United States?
Answer
a.
emotional labor
b.
mental labor
c.
manual labor
d.
none of these choices
Question 1
1.
Organized Latino groups used the aftermath of the Loma Prieta
earthquake in California to mobilize for better housing and
other services. This example supports which type of social
movement theory?
Answer
a.
new social movement
b.
political process
c.
resource mobilization
49. d.
exploitation
1 points
Question 2
1.
In the U.S., the most internal migration of African Americans,
Hispanics, and Asians since WWI occurred _____.
Answer
a.
during WWII
b.
during the Depression
c.
during the 1980s
d.
in the early years of the 21ist century
1 points
Question 3
1.
For those opposed to permitting the self-selection of more than
one race in the U.S. Census, an important argument is that
Answer
a.
most people don’t really know what race they are.
b.
there is no such thing as race, so multiracial makes no sense.
c.
50. identifying as multiracial reduces the strength of numbers of
already underrepresented minority groups.
d.
None of these; there are no serious objections to the selection of
more than one race.
1 points
Question 4
1.
According to modernization theory, the primary causes of social
change are
Answer
a.
changes in the economic structure.
b.
technology and global development.
c.
cycles of culture that advance and repeat.
d.
evolution from less to more complexity.
1 points
Question 5
1.
Tönnies noted that in gesellschaft
Answer
a.
the role of the family is considerably less prominent than
in gemeinschaft.
51. b.
the level of interpersonal trust is less.
c.
a high division of labor exists.
d.
all of the above
1 points
Question 6
1.
The pattern of disproportionate dumping of toxic waste and
other forms of pollution in neighborhoods where the poor and
people of color live is called _____.
Answer
a.
industrial racism
b.
polluter genocide
c.
environmental racism
d.
environmental inequity
1 points
Question 7
1.
Despite the revolutionary developments that have forestalled his
predictions, Malthus made an important contribution by
Answer
52. a.
creating the field of demography.
b.
bringing attention to the limitations on subsistence and natural
resources.
c.
creating MSC: PICKUP positive checks on population increase.
d.
promoting the development of better contraceptive.
Question 8
1.
Which of these types of collective behavior tends to persist over
time longer than the others?
Answer
a.
fads
b.
riots
c.
social movements
d.
fashions
1 points
Question 9
1.
53. Studies of ecosystems have demonstrated that
Answer
a.
it is impossible for the social sciences to interconnect with the
biological sciences.
b.
with proper management all resources can eventually be
renewed.
c.
there are many social problems that are much more pressing
than the environment.
d.
a disturbance in one element has an impact on the entire system.
1 points
Question 10
1.
Stage two of the demographic transition is characterized by
Answer
a.
high birth and death rates.
b.
high death rates and declining birth rates.
c.
declining birth and death rates.
d.
high birth rates and a declining death rate.
54. Part #2:
Answer these questions in short essay (at least 300 words)
1. List the major social institutions in our society (they overlap
with the Agents of Socialization). Which of these institutions
(or Agents) are more influential at what ages (Childhood,
Adolescence, Adulthood, Late Adulthood)...?
2. Do you think we can we have unity in diversity? Why or
Why not?
3. In your opinion, what are the different factors that lead
someone to perform crime?
4. Do people perform crime out of their choice or
circumstances?
5. Although class should not define someone.... do you think
that the circumstances of class may shape the "trajectory" of
one's life...? Why or why not...?
6. n thinking about poverty, do you think it is due to
structural/systemic reasons or due to the behaviors/choices of
individuals? Or both?
What kinds of solutions might you suggest for dealing with the
problem of poverty? In the US? In the world?
7. Explain your impressions of how race can be "socially
constructed", and give examples of how race can be socially
"defined" and "redefined", as cultures change.
8. Do you think there could be more than 2 sexes?
Do you think there could be more than 2 genders?
Explain your reasoning.
55. 9. Interview an older adult, (preferably a grandparent, older
family member, or friend of your family) choose American
homestay, and ask this person how families have changed over
the last couple of generations (e.g., in the last 50 years).
Include a list of your questions.
What similarities and differences do they see in families (over
time), including family structures, traditions, activities,
problems, etc....?
10. Examine the issue of Public versus Private Education, and
Public versus Private Health Care.
From your own perspective, describe the pros and cons of
having Public Education. Then describe the pros and cons of
having Public Health Care.
11. Interview an older adult, (preferably a grandparent, older
family member, chose my American dad’s roommate. and ask
this person how the Economy has changed,
(particularly in the last 10-20 years but also over their
lifetime),
for them and their family. Include a list of your questions.
What changes and/or trends have they observed and
how has it affected them, their lives, their work, their families,
etc.
(including industry changes, income changes, work or
profession choices,
family planning, etc.) ....?
12. (Interview old family member or friend of your family), and
ask this person what Social Changes they have observed
in their lifetime.
Include a list of your questions.
What social changes and/or trends have they observed and how
has it affected them,
their lives, their work, their families, etc. (including Civil
Rights, gender equality, the
Technology Revolution, Globalization, etc.) ....?