A program is an organized list of instructions that, when executed, causes the computer to behave in a predetermined manner. Without programs, computers are useless.

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2. • A program is an organized list of instructions that,
when executed, causes the computer to behave in a
predetermined manner. Without programs,
computers are useless.
• A program is like a recipe. It contains a list of
ingredients (called variables) and a list of directions
(called statements) that tell the computer what to do
with the variables.
• The variables can represent numeric data, text, or
graphical images. Programs are subjected to
functional and non-functional testing before it is
put up.

3. • Computer source code is typically written by computer
programmers. Source code is written in a programming
language that usually follows one of two main
paradigms: imperative or declarative programming.
• Source code may be converted into an executable file
(sometimes called an executable program or a binary)
by a compiler and later executed by a central processing
unit.
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Alternatively, computer programs may be executed with
the aid of an interpreter, or may be embedded directly
into hardware.

4.  Paradigms of programs which are subjected to
functional and non-functional testing:
 Computer programs can be categorized by the programming language
paradigm used to produce them. Two of the main paradigms are
imperative and declarative. Programs written using an imperative
language specify an algorithm using declarations, expressions, and
statements.
 A declaration couples a variable name to a data type. For example: var x:
integer;. An expression yields a value. For example: 2 + 2 yields 4. Finally,
a statement might assign an expression to a variable or use the value of a
variable to alter the program's control flow.
 For example: x: = 2 + 2; if x = 4 then do something();.Some Programs are
checked by non-functional testing technique. One criticism of
imperative languages is the side effect of an assignment statement on a
class of variables called non-local variables.

5.  Compiling and interpreting programs which
can be checked using software testing
services:
 A computer program in the form of a human-readable, computer
programming language is called source code. Source code may be
converted into an executable image by a compiler or executed
immediately with the aid of an interpreter .
 Either compiled or interpreted programs might be executed in a batch
process without human interaction, but interpreted programs allow a
user to type commands in an interactive session.
 In this case the programs are the separate commands, whose
execution occurs sequentially and thus together. When a language is
used to give commands to a software application (such as a Unix shell
or other command-line interface) it is called a scripting language.

6.  Compilers are used to translate source code from a programming language
into either object code or machine code.
 Object code needs further processing to become machine code, and
machine code is the central processing unit's native code, ready for
execution.
 Compiled computer programs are subjected to integration testing. It is
commonly referred to as executables, binary images, or simply as binaries
— a reference to the binary file format used to store the executable
 code. Interpreted computer programs — in a batch or interactive session
— are either decoded and then immediately executed or are decoded into
some efficient intermediate representation for future execution.
 BASIC, Perl, and Python are examples of immediately executed computer
programs. Alternatively, Java computer programs are compiled ahead of
time and stored as a machine.