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Radiation therapy in India at Mumbai at
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Radiation therapy
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Pankaj Nagpal
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2. Radiation therapy in India at Mumbai at Low price
What is radiation therapy, and how does it work ?
Tumors are made up of cells that are reproducing at abnormally high rates. Radiation therapy
specifically acts against cells that are reproducing rapidly. Normal cells are programmed to stop
reproducing (or dividing) when they come into contact with other cells. In the case of a tumor,
this stop mechanism is missing, causing cells to continue to divide over and over. It is the DNA
of the cell that makes it capable of reproducing.
Radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays to damage the DNA of cells, thereby killing the cancer
cells, or at least stopping them from reproducing. Radiation also damages normal cells, but
because normal cells are growing more slowly, they are better able to repair this radiation
damage than are cancer cells.
In order to give normal cells time to heal and to reduce a patient's side effects, radiation
treatments are typically given in small daily doses, five days a week, over a six-or seven-week
period. It is estimated that more than 50% of cancer patients will receive radiation at some point
during their treatment.
How is radiation therapy given ?
Radiation therapy is considered to be a "local" therapy, meaning it treats a specific localized area
of the body. This is in contrast to systemic therapies, such as chemotherapy, which travel
throughout the body.
There are two main types of radiation therapy : -
• external radiation therapy, where a beam of radiation is directed from outside the body,
and internal radiation therapy, also called brachytherapy or implant therapy, where a
source of radioactivity is surgically placed inside the body near the tumor.
• External radiation may also be called x-ray therapy, cobalt therapy, proton therapy, or
intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). This type of radiation is administered

3. using a machine called a linear accelerator. Treatment can be given once or twice a day,
depending on the treatment protocol being used.
Treatments are given 5 days a week for several weeks, depending on the total final dose of
radiation that is planned. Patients are given a break from treatment on weekend days to give
normal cells some time to heal, thus reducing side effects. A person receiving external radiation
therapy is not radioactive or dangerous to the people around him or her.
Internal radiation therapy places the source of the high-energy rays inside the body, as close as
possible to the cancer cells. This may be done by implanting "seeds" (small pieces of the
radioactive substance) or by using an implanted reservoir, into which a liquid radioactive
substance is injected. This delivers very intense radiation to a small area of the body and limits
the dose to normal tissue. Internal radiation therapy allows the doctor to give a higher total dose
of radiation in a shorter time than is possible with external treatments.
The radioactive substances used (also called the "radiation source") typically include radium,
cesium, iodine, and phosphorus. Depending on the substance, the implant may be temporary or
permanent, although the effect wears off over time in all cases. Depending on the type of
radiation source, patients with radiation implants may need to be isolated from visitors for a
period of time, so as not to expose others to radioactivity.
You've probably seen an X-ray of your teeth or some other part of your body. At high doses -
many times greater than those used for X-ray exams - radiation can kill cancer cells and shrink
tumors. More than half of all cancer patients receive some radiation therapy as part of their
treatment.
Side effects of Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy damages healthy cells along with the cancer cells, and this damage can cause
side effects. Most of the body's healthy cells recover after the therapy is stopped. The side effects
you may get depend on your radiation dose and what body parts are treated.
Possible side effects include :-
1. Tiredness (fatigue)
2. Hair loss on the treated body part
3. Skin irritation like a bad sunburn on the treated body part
4. Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea, if the abdomen is treated
5. Mouth sores, a sore throat or dry mouth, if the head or neck is treated

4. These side effects usually go away within a few weeks when the treatment is finished.
There can also be long-term side effects months or years after treatment. These side effects
depend on your age, how much radiation you get and what body parts are treated
Possible long-term side effects include : -
1. Damage to the lungs or other organs
2. Infertility
3. Cataracts (caused by TBI)
4. Delays in growth and the ability to learn for some children
5. Risk of getting leukemia or other cancer years later (when given along with
chemotherapy)
Beam Radiation
The most common type of radiation is known as external beam. In this technique, a large
machine called a linear accelerator delivers high-energy radiation to the affected area. The linear
accelerator creates high-energy radiation to treat cancers, using electricity to form a stream of
fast-moving subatomic particles. You'll receive this form of radiation as an outpatient in daily
sessions over five to seven weeks, depending on your particular situation.
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