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雷竹产业发展的机遇与挑战
浙江农林大学 桂仁意
2018.6.26
报告题纲
一、发展现状
二、存在问题
三、应对之策
Ø雷竹(Phyllostachys violascens )为我国特产优良散生笋用竹种,具有出笋
早、产量高、笋味鲜美等特点,被誉为“江南第一笋”
Ø雷竹产业是我国竹产业发展的一道亮丽风景线
一、发展现状
全省雷竹林面积近100万亩,其中临安近30万亩
在竹笋重点产区,竹农60%的收入来自竹笋
自1991年开始推广雷竹早出高效集约经营技术,使雷笋亩产效益提高了10倍,
雷笋亩产值从1000—2000多元增加到1万—2万元,甚至4万—5万元
1、浙江雷竹产业位居全国之首
浙江湖州、杭州、安徽宣城为雷竹中心产区
宁国有雷竹林面积10万亩
皖南发展雷竹产业积极性较高
2、安徽雷竹产业紧随其后
3、长江中下游其它地区也在积极发展
二、存在问题
1、盲目发展
2、竹林退化
3、成本上升
Ø每亩自然经营不覆盖雷竹林,每年需11个工,其中培育管理需要
6个工,挖笋卖笋要5个工。
Ø每亩覆盖雷竹林,每年需要36个工。包括:松土、施肥、浇水、
治虫、挖老竹、钩梢、清沟等需要10个工,覆盖及覆盖物清理需
14个工,挖笋卖笋需12个工。
Ø15亩雷竹园,5亩采用覆盖,10亩采用不覆盖,则需要有2个强壮
劳动力。
三、应对之策
1、合理谋划产业发展 月份
平均气温
(℃)
降雨量
(mm)
1月 7.2 18.8
2月 9.2 20.8
3月 13.1 45.4
4月 17.9 116.2
5月 22.2 173.5
6月 24.9 195.6
7月 28.2 172.2
8月 28.1 142.1
9月 24.2 123.6
10月 18.6 105.3
11月 13.8 58.1
12月 8.6 22.2
平均 18.1 1194.6
2、可持续经营
种植年限
(年) pH值
总氮
(g/kg)
总磷
(g/kg)
总钾
(g/kg)
有效磷
(mg/kg)
有效钾
(mg/kg)
0 5.71a 2.02 b 0.500 d 11.11 a 7.14 d 40.5c
1 5.37a 1.86 b 0.735 c 11.50 a 38.3 cd 62.3 bc
5 4.76b 1.71 b 0.741 c 12.41 a 54.1 c 75.9 abc
10 4.33b 2.07 b 1.280 b 11.06 a 171.8 b 110.8 ab
15 3.85c 4.61 a 2.005 a 11.03 a 457.6 a 131.9 a
• 幼虫
n 成虫
3、发展智慧竹业
Ø土壤水肥精准管理
Ø土壤氧气精准控制
Ø土壤温度精准控制
Ø病虫害精准测报等
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