10. Optical Fiber
1854
1880
John Tyndall
Alexander Graham
Bell
U.K
demonstrated to the
Royal Society that light
could be conducted
through a curved stream
of water, proving that a
light signal could be bent
U.S.A
U.K
invented his Photophone
, which transmitted a
voice signal on a beam
of light
1880
William Wheeler
U.S.A
invented a system of
light pipes lined with a
highly reflective coating
that illuminated homes
by using light from an
electric arc lamp placed
in the basement and
directing the light around
the home with the pipes.
1888
the medical team
Austria
used bent glass rods to
illuminate body cavities.
11. Optical Fiber
1895
Henry Saint-Rene
1898
David Smith
1920
John Logie Baird
&
W. Hansell
1930
Heinrich Lamm
France
designed a system of bent glass
rods for guiding light images in
an attempt at early television
U.S.A
invented his Photophone , which
transmitted a voice signal on a
beam of light
England
patented the idea of using arrays
of transparent rods to transmit
images for television and
facsimiles respectively.
German
medical
student
assemble a bundle of optical
fibers to carry an image. Lamm's
goal was to look inside
inaccessible parts of the body.
During his experiments, he
reported transmitting the image
of a light bulb. The image was of
poor quality
12. Optical Fiber
1954
1961
1964
Van Heel
&
Harold H.
Hopkins
Elias Snitzer
Dr. C.K. Kao
Dutch &
Britain
U.S.A
Hong
Kong
Hopkins reported on imaging
bundles of unclad fibers while
Van Heel reported on simple
bundles of clad fibers. He
covered a bare fiber with a
transparent cladding of a lower
refractive index. This protected
the fiber reflection surface from
outside distortion and greatly
reduced interference between
fibers. At the time, the greatest
obstacle to a viable use of fiber
optics was in achieving the
lowest signal (light) loss.
published a theoretical
description of single mode fibers,
a fiber with a core so small it
could carry light with only one
wave-guide mode.
long-range communication
devices, the 10 or 20 decibels of
light loss per kilometer standard
13. Optical Fiber
1970
1975
1977
Robert Maurer,
Donald Keck
&
Peter Schultz
United States
Government
United States
Government
U.S.A
invented fiber optic wire or
"Optical Waveguide Fibers"
(patent #3,711,262) capable of
carrying 65,000 times more
information than copper wire,
through which information
carried by a pattern of light
waves could be decoded at a
destination even a thousand
miles away. The team had solved
the problems presented by Dr.
Kao
U.S.A
decided to link the computers in
the NORAD headquarters at
Cheyenne Mountain using fiber
optics to reduce interference
U.S.A
the first optical telephone
communication system was
installed about 1.5 miles under
downtown Chicago, and each
optical fiber carried the
equivalent of 672 voice channels
20. Linear System
Temp. (t)
Dry level
(d)
Press. (p)
Pasta out (y)
Dough (x)
●
●
After browsing the catalog we found the general relationship
y = 0.75x + 0.1d + 0.2t – 0.65p
The maximum system performance found to be applicable at the certain relationship
x = 0.7t + 3d + 0.86 p
How to Solve ?
21. Linear System
Although the number of unknowns to be equal to the
number of equations necessary to find exact solution to the
system, but it's not mean that we can't solve the system
without this happen as logically system with many
parameters to be adjusted according to some general
behavior condition (Equation) refer to actually infinite
number of possible combinations of parameters to achieve
the unique equation, Thus the last problem solution is more
simpler than you think, this situation act more flexible than
find five independent equations.
●
You may find two or more equations contradict each other
and result in no solution exist, it's similar to I told you that
someone tall and short in the same way !!
●
22. » التكنولوجيا و اليديولوجيا «
“ تتلخيص يقصية الصيراع بيين العمليقيين فيي إنهيا بدأيت صيراعا أيديولوجيا أيي بيين التشتراكية و
ً
ً
الرأسمالية، فتحولت في ظل و تحت ضغط العصر النووي إلي صراع بين اليديولوجيا و التكنولوجيا
أي علي الترتيب بين المذاهب السياسية و السلحة النووية، فانتهت أيخيرا بتغلب اليخيرة علي الولي
ً
يخشية النتحار النووي المتبادل. و هذا إن دل علي تشيء فإنما يدل علي أن التكنولوجيا يقد اثبتت إنها
ايقوي عمليا مين اليديولوجييا ) اليديولوجييا المذهبيية (، فأرغمتهيا أيو هيي سيترغمها علي التقارب و
ً
التجاه نحو الحل الوسط التاريخي. ”
استراتيجية الستعمار و التحرير
#جمال_حمدان
23. Country
Ratio of dedicated money
to the whole national
product
Japan
3.1%
USA & RSK
2.6%
Israel
4.9%
Egypt
0.2%
0.05
0.04
0.03
Ratio of dedicated money to the whole national
product
0.02
0.01
0
Israel
Japan
USA & RSK
Egypt
