penelitian, how to

1. How to make
research great fun
again
dr. Aly Lamuri, MSc
(Not Donald Trump)

2. “This session, what about?”
1. Starting your research
2. Make it impactful
3. How to: title
4. Synthesize and hypothesize
5. Variables and design
When great master ask, give answer you must
– Someone famous, maybe

3. Starting your research
“Do research. Feed your talent. It's the key to victory.”
— Robert McKee

4. Where do we start writing?
- Every good writer starts from being a good reader
- Start by forming your thought
- Invoke your curiosity
- Delve deeper into your topic of interest

5. Properly practicing 5W1H approach
- 5W1H leads to open-ended questions
- Stimulates creative thinking
- Elicits detailed answer
- Structuring the ideas
What Who When Where Why How

6. 5W1H in a nutshell
What
- Event
- Action
Who
- Subject
- Actor
When
- Time
- Duration
Where
- Place
- Location
Why
- Reason
- Motivation
How
- Mechanism
- Procedure
Ideas

7. Let’s form 5W1H-directed summary
Objectives: This study aimed to compare the superiority of scapular mobilization, manual capsule
stretching, and the combination of these two techniques in the treatment of frozen shoulder patients to
evaluate the acute effects of these techniques on shoulder movements.
Methods: This study designed to a single-blinded, randomized, and pre-post assessment study. This
study was included 54 patients diagnosed with stage 3 frozen shoulder. Group 1 (n=27) received
scapular mobilization, and Group 2 (n=27) received manual posterior capsule stretching. After the
patients were assessed, the interventions were re-applied with a crossover design to obtain results for
the combined application (n=54). The range of motion, active total elevation, active internal rotation,
and posterior capsule tensions of the shoulder joint were recorded before and immediately after
mobilization.
Results: Statistical analysis showed an increase in all range of motion values (p<0.05), except for
shoulder internal rotation (p>0.05), without significant difference among the groups (p>0.05). The
posterior capsule flexibility did not change in any group (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Scapular mobilization and manual posterior capsule interventions were effective in
improving the acute joint range of motion in frozen shoulder patients.

8. Let’s form 5W1H-directed summary
Objectives: This study aimed to compare the superiority of scapular mobilization, manual capsule
stretching, and the combination of these two techniques in the treatment of frozen shoulder patients to
evaluate the acute effects of these techniques on shoulder movements.
Methods: This study designed to a single-blinded, randomized, and pre-post assessment study. This
study was included 54 patients diagnosed with stage 3 frozen shoulder. Group 1 (n=27) received
scapular mobilization, and Group 2 (n=27) received manual posterior capsule stretching. After the
patients were assessed, the interventions were re-applied with a crossover design to obtain results for
the combined application (n=54). The range of motion, active total elevation, active internal rotation,
and posterior capsule tensions of the shoulder joint were recorded before and immediately after
mobilization.
Results: Statistical analysis showed an increase in all range of motion values (p<0.05), except for
shoulder internal rotation (p>0.05), without significant difference among the groups (p>0.05). The
posterior capsule flexibility did not change in any group (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Scapular mobilization and manual posterior capsule interventions were effective in
improving the acute joint range of motion in frozen shoulder patients.

9. Spotting the unique message
- After forming your thought using 5W1H
- Spot one thing which happen less frequent
- Elaborate and explore
- Succinctly summarize your findings!
- Tips: Re-read the conclusion

10. Spotting the unique message
Objectives: This study aimed to compare the superiority of scapular mobilization, manual capsule
stretching, and the combination of these two techniques in the treatment of frozen shoulder patients to
evaluate the acute effects of these techniques on shoulder movements.
Methods: This study designed to a single-blinded, randomized, and pre-post assessment study. This
study was included 54 patients diagnosed with stage 3 frozen shoulder. Group 1 (n=27) received
scapular mobilization, and Group 2 (n=27) received manual posterior capsule stretching. After the
patients were assessed, the interventions were re-applied with a crossover design to obtain results for
the combined application (n=54). The range of motion, active total elevation, active internal rotation,
and posterior capsule tensions of the shoulder joint were recorded before and immediately after
mobilization.
Results: Statistical analysis showed an increase in all range of motion values (p<0.05), except for
shoulder internal rotation (p>0.05), without significant difference among the groups (p>0.05). The
posterior capsule flexibility did not change in any group (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Scapular mobilization and manual posterior capsule interventions were effective in
improving the acute joint range of motion in frozen shoulder patients.

11. Finding supervisor and collaborators
- The first challenge when starting your research
- Do an initial search for a suitable research group
- Align their interest with yours
- Draft a structured, one-pager, brief research proposal
- Connect through LinkedIn
- Most researchers are happy to collaborate!
- Tips: Look for website like jobs.ac.uk

12. Forming your research team
- Scenario: Leading a team as a PIC
- Requires project management skills
- Understand how to allocate story points
- Needs to be agile and responsive

13. Make it impactful
“What we find changes who we become.”
— Peter Morville

14. What is the essence of impactful research?
Formulate a FINER research question:
- Feasible
- Interesting
- Novel
- Ethical
- Relevant

15. Feasible
- A research question should be answerable
- It will consider limiting constraints:
- Time & scope
- Expertise
- Resources & funding
- Seek for advices from your senior researchers!
- Also, consult to a statistician

16. Interesting
- It is rather subjective to determine
- Research requires an abundance of self motivation
- Your topic and question should be of your interest
- Carefully consider how it will benefit the society
- Practical and correspond to broader interest
- Tips: Consider the current interest of funding agencies

17. Novel
- Answers the existing gap of knowledge
- Finding an existing gap is a hurdle
- Requires extensive reading and in-depth knowledge
- Tips: Replicate prior methods in different context

18. Ethical
- Ethical research is a must
- Prevent incidents that might be:
- Harmful
- Dishonorable
- Unprincipled
- Address safety and confidentiality
- Acquire consent before conducting any procedure

19. Relevant
- Has real, visible changes in society
- Relevant ideas are highly welcome
- Likely to be discussed by the majority of scientists
- Relevant ideas lead to rapid information dissemination

20. How to: title
“Attack the facts at the point of greatest astonishment.”
— Celia Green

21. Clickbaiting without a clickbait
- An interesting title will help your readers retain
- Summarizes the main ideas in a study
- Does not overlap with keywords
- Contains the fewest possible words
- Adequately describes the article contents

22. Characteristics of an effective title
- Address the subject and scope of the study
- Use common and current nomenclature from the field
- Identify key variables: IV and DV
- 10-15 substantive words
- Do not overclaim an issue
- Give positive impressions to stimulate interests

23. Formulating your research title
- Point out the research purpose
- Determine the narrative tone
- Capture the methods use, wherever possible
- Create a working title → Rephrase it

24. Synthesize and hypothesize
“Reduce the distance between imagination and reality.”
— P.S. Jagadeesh Kumar

25. Ponder a wonder
- Theory vs Hypothesis?
- Theory: Explanation
- Hypothesis: Prediction
- Hypothesis is derived from theories
- Aims to fill in the explanation gap

26. Writing the hypothesis
- H0: No difference in the population
- H1: Some differences in the population
- What do we refer as differences though?
- Variation: one-tailed vs. two-tailed?

27. Variables and design
“Part of research is testing the final product.”
— Steven Magee

28. The typology of variables
- Discrete
- Dichotomous
- Categorical
- Ordinal
- Continuous
- Time to event

29. POSTTEST
https://go.medistree.id/pre-research