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1




Alkaline Anion exchange membrane fuel cells
                (AAEMFC)

       碱性阴离子交换膜燃料电池
2



传统的燃料能量利用模式




   效率低下:
   30%~35%



      污染严重
3




      燃料电池的能量利用模式

化学能          电能


             Christian Friedrich Schönbein, 1839
高效    >40%

无污染

安静
4



             燃料电池的分类
•Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) 质子交
换膜燃料电池
•Alkaline fuel cells (AFCs) 碱性燃料电池
•Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) 固体氧化物燃料电池
•Phosphoric acid fuel cells (MCFCs) 磷酸燃料电池
•Molten carbonate fuel cells(MCFCs) 熔融碳酸盐燃料电
池
5


      碱性燃料电池的历史

• 20 世纪 50 年代,阿波罗号,“可靠的太空电
  源”
• 20 世纪 70 年代, Kordesch ,碱性燃料电池
  车
6


              AFC 基本原理




                     −               −
Anode : 2 H 2 + 4OH == 4 H 2O + 4e
Cathode : O2 + 2 H 2O + 4e − == 4OH −
Overall : 2 H 2 + O2 == 2 H 2O
7



            Why AFC?
• 反应温度适中( 23–70℃ 低温式)
• 很高的反应动力( Reaction Kinetics ),电极电势
  高
• 电池效率高: 60 ~ 90%
• 价格便宜,节省贵金属催化剂
8

             AFC 存在的不足

• 电解质的浓度需要恒定 (electrode
  flooding/drying)
• 空气中的二氧化碳使电解液中毒
• 氢气不易携带

CO2 + 2OH − = CO3 − + H 2O
             =  2


CO2 +OH − = HCO3
           =   −


CO2 + 2 KOH = K 2CO3 + H 2O
             =

生成金属盐沉淀,消耗了碱的量;
大大降低了离子导电性,阻塞气体扩
散层 (gas diffusion layer)
9


           如何改进?

能否寻找一种碱离子交换膜,      将氢气更换为液体燃料
 替代流动的电解液?         ?




                 直接甲醇燃料电池 (DMFC)
                 碱性直接甲醇燃料电池 (ADMFC)
  碱离子交           用氨气做氢源
   换膜




         碱离子交换膜 + 生物质
         燃料
10



          这种膜需要什么特性?

•   氢氧根的良好载体
•   离子电导率高 ≥ 100 ×10 −3 Scm −1
•   隔绝电子
•   良好的机械强度和耐久度
•   热稳定性
•   便宜

AFC based on anion-conducting polymer electrolytes
11


碱离子交换性膜的分类
12
13


High Performance Alkali Anion-Exchange Membrane




Multi-walled
                   Polybenzimidazole
carbon nanotubes
                   聚苯并咪唑
14




碱离子过膜类
型
15
16
17


展望和未来的应用
18
19


                        Acknowledgement
•   Anion exchange membranes for alkaline fuel cells: A review
•   Prospects for Alkaline Anion-Exchange
•   Very High Performance Alkali Anion-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
•   电池碱性阴离子交换膜的制备与表征
•   百度
•   Google



         Question Time

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AAEMFC

  • 1. 1 Alkaline Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AAEMFC) 碱性阴离子交换膜燃料电池
  • 2. 2 传统的燃料能量利用模式 效率低下: 30%~35% 污染严重
  • 3. 3 燃料电池的能量利用模式 化学能 电能 Christian Friedrich Schönbein, 1839 高效 >40% 无污染 安静
  • 4. 4 燃料电池的分类 •Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) 质子交 换膜燃料电池 •Alkaline fuel cells (AFCs) 碱性燃料电池 •Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) 固体氧化物燃料电池 •Phosphoric acid fuel cells (MCFCs) 磷酸燃料电池 •Molten carbonate fuel cells(MCFCs) 熔融碳酸盐燃料电 池
  • 5. 5 碱性燃料电池的历史 • 20 世纪 50 年代,阿波罗号,“可靠的太空电 源” • 20 世纪 70 年代, Kordesch ,碱性燃料电池 车
  • 6. 6 AFC 基本原理 − − Anode : 2 H 2 + 4OH == 4 H 2O + 4e Cathode : O2 + 2 H 2O + 4e − == 4OH − Overall : 2 H 2 + O2 == 2 H 2O
  • 7. 7 Why AFC? • 反应温度适中( 23–70℃ 低温式) • 很高的反应动力( Reaction Kinetics ),电极电势 高 • 电池效率高: 60 ~ 90% • 价格便宜,节省贵金属催化剂
  • 8. 8 AFC 存在的不足 • 电解质的浓度需要恒定 (electrode flooding/drying) • 空气中的二氧化碳使电解液中毒 • 氢气不易携带 CO2 + 2OH − = CO3 − + H 2O = 2 CO2 +OH − = HCO3 = − CO2 + 2 KOH = K 2CO3 + H 2O = 生成金属盐沉淀,消耗了碱的量; 大大降低了离子导电性,阻塞气体扩 散层 (gas diffusion layer)
  • 9. 9 如何改进? 能否寻找一种碱离子交换膜, 将氢气更换为液体燃料 替代流动的电解液? ? 直接甲醇燃料电池 (DMFC) 碱性直接甲醇燃料电池 (ADMFC) 碱离子交 用氨气做氢源 换膜 碱离子交换膜 + 生物质 燃料
  • 10. 10 这种膜需要什么特性? • 氢氧根的良好载体 • 离子电导率高 ≥ 100 ×10 −3 Scm −1 • 隔绝电子 • 良好的机械强度和耐久度 • 热稳定性 • 便宜 AFC based on anion-conducting polymer electrolytes
  • 12. 12
  • 13. 13 High Performance Alkali Anion-Exchange Membrane Multi-walled Polybenzimidazole carbon nanotubes 聚苯并咪唑
  • 15. 15
  • 16. 16
  • 18. 18
  • 19. 19 Acknowledgement • Anion exchange membranes for alkaline fuel cells: A review • Prospects for Alkaline Anion-Exchange • Very High Performance Alkali Anion-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells • 电池碱性阴离子交换膜的制备与表征 • 百度 • Google Question Time

Editor's Notes

  1. 题目:碱性离子交换膜燃料电池
  2. 为什么会出现燃料电池 传统的能量利用模式,燃料,燃烧——热量——功或电
  3. 燃料电池能量利用率高,无污染
  4. 着重谈一下碱性燃料电池
  5. 介绍历史,碱性膜燃料电池起步很早,但收到一些因素的限制,未推广,如今,科学家又重新将关注点落到了碱性膜燃料电池上,寻找新的膜材料
  6. 电解液过多或过少会导致电池漏液或干涸
  7. 碱性膜材料有很多种,这里具体介绍这一家族中的其中一个
  8. 基本原理:氢气在阳极与催化剂 Pt 作用,产生氢离子和 e ,
  9. 聚苯并咪唑:具有很高的热稳定性和化学稳定性 比表