how to soild waste managment with open windrow system

1. >K wmøjH l<uKdlrK jHdmD;sfha oekg isÿjk l%shdldrlñ
01' tl;= lrkq ,nk li, fu'fgd' 15 la ^iEu iÿod Èklu fu'fgd' 20& li,
l<uKdlrK uOHia:dkhg f.k tau'
02' fuu tl;= lrkq ,nk li, m%:ufhka Èrk iy fkdÈrk tajd f,i fjka lsÍu
lrkq ,efì' idudkHfhka fñ wjia:dfú§ 100% la fjka lsÍula fkdlr w;r" úkdä
45 la ;=, fiajlhska 04 fofkl= u.ska fu'fgd 01 l li, f;aßh yelsh' fñ f;aÍfñ§
m%;spl%slrKh ioyd .; yels ldäfndaä" fmd,s;ska" ma,diaála fnda;,a" áka" hlv" ;eô,s
fldñn" mrK áhqì" fmd,algq fjka fjka jYfhka tl;=lr .nvd lrkq ,efì' Èrk
li, f,i ^Biodegradable waste& fjka lr" fldgia iu. lvodis ish,a, ldnksl
fmdfydr ksIamdokh ioyd fhdod .kakd újD; ¨m l%uh ^Open window system &
iE§u ioyd fhdod .efka'

2. 03' újD; ¨mhka iE§u'
Èrk li, u.ska fldñfmdaiaá fmdfydr ksIamdokh lrk m%Odk l%ufúoh fú'
fuys§ fldñfmdaiaálrKh ioyd m%Odk idOl 03 la Wmfhda.s lr.kS'
1' Tlaiscka iys; l%uh – Anaerobic condition
11' ldnka ká%cka wkqmd;h 25 # 1
111' ;¾fuda*s,sla nelaàßhd
fuu ;;a;ajhka hgf;a fldñfmdaiaá fmdfydr kSIamdokfha§ li, j,ska
m%fhdackj;a ldnka uq,øjH ,efnk w;r khsg%cka ,nd .ekSuioyd m%Odk jYfhka
i;=kaf.a wmøjH ^udM iy uia lvj,ska bj;a lrkq ,nk wmøjH t<jM wmøjH& fhdod
.kS'
04' tl;= lrkq ,nk li, j,ska 10%- 12% la w;r m%udKhla osrk iy fkdÈrk
hk fldgia follg wh;a fkdjk w;r" tajd idudkHfhka ìñ f.dvlsÍu ioyd fhdod
.efka' fñjdg wh;a jkafka f.dvke.s,s wmøjH" fuág" fIdmska nE.a" frday,a wmøjH
hkdÈhfú'

3. 05' li, j,ska ksl=;a jk leachate m%Odk .egMjls' Open window tlla idod
wjika ú meh 6 lg miq leachate ksl=;aùug mgka .kshs' leachate j, BOD g
jeä w;r 20000 we;s w;r COD 30000 g jeäh' wêl wdñ,sl;djhlska hq;=
fuu Èhrh ksid ÿ¾.kaOh yeóu;a ueiaika fndaùu;a isÿfú' tfiau fuu leachate
Ndysr mßirhg yd N=.; c,h ÿIKh ùug uqod fkdyeßh hq;=h' tfiau fuu
leachate j, li, Èrùug wjYH nelaàßhd rdYshla Ôj;a fú'
tu ksid fuu leachate ish,a, fldkal%sá ldKq Èf.a f.kú;a tl;= lsÍfñ
gexlshg tl;=lr kej; open window ioyd spray lsÍu l, hq;=h' fuu.ska
Open window f.dvj,a ;=, uq,a i;s 06 ;=, yg.kakd WIaK;ajh md,kh lr
m%udKj;a nelaàßhd Èrùfñ l%shdj,shlg wjYH mßirh ilia lrkq ,efì' tfiau
leachate fufia Ndú;d lsÍug m%:u 1:1000 m%udKhg idkaøKh c,fha ;kQl l,
hq;=h'

4. 06' ieu open window tllau i;s 06 lg miq fmr,Su l< hq;=h' fmr,Su ioyd
neflda hka;%hla fyda ñksia Y%uh fhdod .; yel' fï ioyd fndì leá hka;%hla jeks
WmlrKhla fhdod .; yels kï b;d blaukska fmr,su, wvq úhoulska fuu ld¾hh
lrjd .eksu lr .; yel' úfYaIfhka kv;a;= úhoï wvq lr .ekSu lr .; yel' fuu
fmr,Su ksid ÿ.o wvqjk w;r li, Èßu fõ.j;a fõ'
07' m<uq fmr,su isÿ lsßfuka i;s 02 g miq kej; fojk fmr,Sula isÿ l< hq;=h'
fuu.ska li, f.dv fydÈka jykh lrkq ,efì'

5. 08' fuf,i udi 2- 2½ la .; jq li, f.dvj,a j, f;;ukh wvq lr .eksu ioyd
uo mjfka fõ,su l< hq;=h' idudkHfhka osk 05la f.dvke.s,a, ;=< uo mjfka fõ,k
w;r fõ,su ioyd li, f.dvj,a we;=,g .kakd wjia:dfúÈ idudkH .kaOhla mj;s'
th wvq lsßu ioyd ;kql lrk ,o Leachate j,g iSks Èh lr spray l< hq;=h'
fï ioyd iuyr úg EM fhdod .kq ,efì'
09' fuf,i f;;ukh 8% olajd wvq jq miq w.f,ka 1/8 oe,lska y,d .ekSfuka
Ndú;hg .; yels fldïfmdaiaÜ fmdfydr ksIamdokh lr .kq ,efí' fuu y,kfhka
ye,sfïÈ ish¨u øjH bj;a jk w;r 100 % la f;aßu fuu ia:dkfhaÈ isÿ fõ' Èklg
lsf,da .a/ï 1000 la fuu ia:dkfhaÈ ksIamdokh lrkq ,efì'

6. 10' fï wdldrhg y,d .;a fldïfmdaiaÜ fmdfydr wf,úhg heùug fmr kej; ilia
l< hq;=h' fuysÈ tys f;;ukh kej; 15% olajd jeä lr .; hq;=h' tfiau fmdfydr
j, .=kd;aul Ndjh jeäss lr .eksu ioyd w.=re lr .;a oyhshd fuhg 100 # 1
wkqmd;hg ñY% lrkq ,efís' tu.ska Ydlhlg wjYH is,slka ldnka fmdiamria tl;=
lrkq ,efí'
fuf,i ksIamdokh l< fldïfmdaiaÜ fmdfydr 2 kg ,25 kg, 50 kg u¨ j, wiqrkq
,efí' 2kg melÜ 01la re' 25'00 lgo 25 kg u¨ tlla re' 175'00 lg 50 kg u¨
tlla re' 300'00 lg o wf,ú lrkq ,efì'
11' j¾I lsysmhl fmdfydr ksIamdokh ;=< fuu jHdmD;sh ,dNodhs jHdmD;shla njg m;a
lsßug yels úu wm ,o ;j;a ch.%ykhls' ta ms<sno úia;r my; oelafõ'
1200000
1000000
800000
600000
400000
200000
0
2003 2004 2005 2006

7. 12' fuf;la ìï f.dv lsßu ioyd hejq oyhshd j,g l< foa'
n,xf.dv k.r iNd n, m%foaYfha ù fuda,a 04 la we;' fuu ù fuda,a 04ka i;shlg
fu'fgd' 01ala oyhshd bj;a fõ' fuu oyhshd 2004j¾Ih fjk fldg ìñs f.dv lsßu
ioyd fhdod .kakd ,È' wo jk úg lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=fõ fidhd .eksu u;
oyhshd w¾O oykhla u.ska w.=re njg m;a lsßfï jev igykla l%shd;aul fú' ta
wkqj uilg oyhshd w.=re ls'.%E' 2500 la ksIamdokh lsßug yels ú we;' tajd
ish,a, fmdfydr j,g tl;= lsßfuka .=Kd;aul Ndjh jeä ÈhqKq lr we;'
13' ;eô,s fldaïn'
ffokslj fuu ia:dkhg ;eô,s fldaïn 1200-1500 meñfKk w;r tajd osrùu
b;d wmyiqh' tajd úh,d .ekSfuka k.r iNdfù ud¾. j,g wjYH m%sñlaia ilia lsÍu
i|yd bkaOkhla f,i Ndú;d lrhs' fó fya;=j ksid uilg l¾udka; wxYhg wjYH or
i|yd hk úhou 50% lska wvq lr we;' óg fmr remsh,a 7500la uilg or i|yd
jeh jQ w;r th wo jk úg remsh,a 2500 lg wvq ù we;'

8. 14'úhoó
uilg fuu ia:dkfhka o< jYfhka m%;spl%SlrKh i|yd my; i|yka øjH
my; i|yka m%udK j,ska wf,ú lrkq ,efî'
ldãfndaâ - 1750 kg
fmd,s;ska - 1200 kg
ma,siaála - 850 kg
ma,siagla fnda;,a - 450 kg
fmd,a lgq - 600 kg
hlv $áka - fnf,lal - 375 kg
oeù .sh n,aì - 650 kg

9. 15' fuu lfnksl fmdfydr j, ;;a;ajh mÍCId lrKq ,ÿj .kafkdarej lDIsl¾u
m¾fhaIKddh;kfhka ITI wdh;kfhka my; ioyka jd¾:d ,nd È we;'
.kafkdarej lDIsl¾u m¾fhaIKd wdh;k ITI wdh;kh fld<U'
PH - 8.1 Ca - 0.2
C - 12.36 PH - 7.2
N - 1.41 CEC - 27.5
PO - 2.65 Zinc - 11 mg /kg
KO - 3.2 Lead -6
mangrnds - 81
Cu - 138
Mg - 454
Murcury - Not detected
Iron - 0.5