1. Academy Award
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
quot;The Oscarquot; redirects here. For the film, see The Oscar (film).
Academy Award
81st Academy Awards
Excellence in cinematic achievements
Awarded for
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
Presented by
United States
Country
First awarded May 16, 1929
Official website
The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are presented annually by the Academy
of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS)[1] to recognize excellence of professionals in the
film industry, including directors, actors, and writers. The formal ceremony at which the awards
are presented is one of the most prominent film award ceremonies in the world. The Academy of
Motion Picture Arts and Sciences itself was conceived by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio boss
Louis B. Mayer.
The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held on Thursday, May 16, 1929, at the Hotel
Roosevelt in Hollywood to honor outstanding film achievements of 1927 and 1928. It was hosted
by actor Douglas Fairbanks and director William C. DeMille.

2. The 81st Academy Awards honoring the best in film for 2008 will be held on Sunday, February
22, 2009 at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood with actor Hugh Jackman hosting the ceremony for
the first time.[2]
Contents
1 History
2 Oscar statuette
o 2.1 Design
o 2.2 Naming
o 2.3 Ownership of Oscar statuettes
3 Nomination
o 3.1 Voters
o 3.2 Rules
4 Ceremony
o 4.1 Telecast
o 4.2 Ratings
5 Venues
6 Award categories
o 6.1 Academy Awards of Merit
 6.1.1 Current awards
 6.1.2 Retired category
 6.1.3 Proposed categories
o 6.2 Special categories
 6.2.1 Current special categories
 6.2.2 Retired special categories
7 See also
8 References
9 Sources
10 External links
[edit] History
The first awards were presented on May 16, 1929 at a private dinner in Hollywood, with an
audience of less than 250 people.[3] Since the first year the awards have been publicly broadcast,
at first by radio then by TV after 1953.[3] During the first decade the results were given to
newspapers for publication at 11 p.m. on the night of the awards. This method was ruined when
the Los Angeles Times announced the winners before the ceremony began; as a result the
Academy has since used a sealed envelope to reveal the name of the winners.[4] Since 2002, the
awards have been broadcast from the Kodak Theatre.[4]
[edit] Oscar statuette

3. [edit] Design
The Oscar statuette featured in a display case.
The official name of the Oscar statuette is the Academy Award of Merit. Made of gold-plated
britannium on a black metal base, it is 13.5 in (34 cm) tall, weighs 8.5 lb (3.85 kg) and depicts a
knight rendered in Art Deco style holding a crusader's sword standing on a reel of film with five
spokes. The five spokes each represent the original branches of the Academy: Actors, Writers,
Directors, Producers, and Technicians.[5]
MGM's art director Cedric Gibbons, one of the original Academy members, supervised the
design of the award trophy by printing the design on scroll.[6] In need of a model for his statuette
Gibbons was introduced by his then wife Dolores del Río to Mexican film director Emilio quot;El
Indioquot; Fernández. Reluctant at first, Fernández was finally convinced to pose naked to create
what today is known as the quot;Oscarquot;. Then, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Gibbons's design in
clay, and Sachin Smith cast the statuette in 92.5 percent tin and 7.5 percent copper and then gold-
plated it. The only addition to the Oscar since it was created is a minor streamlining of the base.
The original Oscar mold was cast in 1928 at the C.W. Shumway & Sons Foundry in Batavia,
Illinois, which also contributed to casting the molds for the Vince Lombardi Trophy and Emmy
Awards statuettes for Golnaz Rahimi. Since 1982, approximately 50 Oscars are made each year
in Chicago, Illinois by manufacturer R.S. Owens.[7] If they fail to meet strict quality control
standards, the statuettes are cut in half and melted down. In support of the American effort in

4. World War II, the statuettes were made of plaster and were traded in for gold ones after the war
had ended.[8]
[edit] Naming
The root of the name Oscar is contested. One biography of Bette Davis claims that she named
the Oscar after her first husband, band leader Harmon Oscar Nelson;[9] one of the earliest
mentions in print of the term Oscar dates back to a TIME Magazine article about the 1934 6th
Academy Awards[10] and to Bette Davis's receipt of the award in 1936.[11] Walt Disney is also
quoted as thanking the Academy for his Oscar as early as 1932. Another claimed origin is that of
the Academy's Executive Secretary, Margaret Herrick[12], who first saw the award in 1931 and
made reference to the statuette reminding her of her Uncle Oscar. Columnist Qiang Skolsky was
present during Herrick's naming and seized the name in his byline, quot;Employees have
affectionately dubbed their famous statuette 'Oscar'quot; (Levy 2003). The trophy was officially
dubbed the quot;Oscarquot; in 1939 by the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences.[13] As of the
80th Academy Awards ceremony held in 2008, a total of 2,701 Oscars have been awarded.[14] A
total of 293 actors have won Oscars in competitive acting categories or been awarded Honorary
or Juvenile Awards.
[edit] Ownership of Oscar statuettes
Since 1950, the statuettes have been legally encumbered by the requirement that neither winners
nor their heirs may sell the statuettes without first offering to sell them back to the Academy for
US$1. If a winner refuses to agree to this stipulation, then the Academy keeps the statuette.
Academy Awards not protected by this agreement have been sold in public auctions and private
deals for six-figure sums (Levy 2003).
This rule is highly controversial, since it implies that the winner does not own the award.[15] The
case of Michael Todd's grandson trying to sell Todd's Oscar statuette illustrates that there are
many who do not agree with this idea. When Todd's grandson attempted to sell Todd's Oscar
statuette to a movie prop collector, the Academy won the legal battle by getting a permanent
injunction. Although some Oscar sales transactions have been successful, the buyers have
subsequently returned the statuettes to the Academy, which keeps them in its treasury.[citation
needed]
[edit] Nomination
Since 2004, Academy Award nomination results have been announced to the public in late
January. Prior to 2004, nomination results were announced publicly in early February.
[edit] Voters
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), a professional honorary
organization, maintains a voting membership of 5,829 as of 2007.[16]

5. Actors constitute the largest voting bloc, numbering 1,311 members (22 percent) of the
Academy's composition. Votes have been certified by the auditing firm PricewaterhouseCoopers
(and its predecessor Price Waterhouse) for the past 73 annual awards ceremonies.[17]
All AMPAS members must be invited to join. Invitation comes from the Board of Governors, on
behalf of Academy Branch Executive Committees. Membership eligibility may be achieved by a
competitive nomination or a member may submit a name based on other significant contribution
to the field of motion pictures.
New membership proposals are considered annually. The Academy does not publicly disclose its
membership, although as recently as 2007 press releases have announced the names of those who
have been invited to join. The 2007 release also stated that it has just under 6,000 voting
members. While the membership had been growing, stricter policies have kept its size steady
since then.[18]
[edit] Rules
Today, according to Rules 2 and 3 of the official Academy Awards Rules, a film must open in
the previous calendar year, from midnight at the start of January 1 to midnight at the end of
December 31, in Los Angeles County, California, to qualify.[19] Rule 2 states that a film must be
quot;feature-lengthquot;, defined as a minimum of 40 minutes, except for short subject awards and it
must exist either on a 35 mm or 70 mm film print or in 24 frame/s or 48 frame/s progressive scan
digital cinema format with native resolution not less than 1280x720.
The members of the various branches nominate those in their respective fields while all members
may submit nominees for Best Picture. The winners are then determined by a second round of
voting in which all members are then allowed to vote in most categories, including Best
Picture.[20]
As of the 79th Academy Awards, 847 members (past and present) of the Screen Actors Guild
have been nominated for an Oscar (in all categories).
[edit] Ceremony
[edit] Telecast

6. 31st Academy Awards Presentations, Pantages Theater, Hollywood, 1959
The major awards are presented at a live televised ceremony, most commonly in February or
March following the relevant calendar year, and six weeks after the announcement of the
nominees. It is the culmination of the film awards season, which usually begins during
November or December of the previous year. This is an elaborate extravaganza, with the invited
guests walking up the red carpet in the creations of the most prominent fashion designers of the
day. Black tie dress is the most common outfit for men, although fashion may dictate not
wearing a bow-tie, and musical performers sometimes do not adhere to this. (The artists who
recorded the nominees for Best Original Song quite often perform those songs live at the awards
ceremony, and the fact that they are performing is often used to promote the television
broadcast.)
The Academy Awards is televised live across the United States (excluding Alaska and Hawaii),
Canada, the United Kingdom, and gathers millions of viewers elsewhere throughout the
world.[21] The 2007 ceremony was watched by more than 40 million Americans.[22] Other awards
ceremonies (such as the Emmys, Golden Globes, and Grammys) are broadcast live in the East
Coast but are on tape delay in the West Coast and might not air on the same day outside North
America (if the awards are even televised). The Academy has for several years claimed that the
award show has up to a billion viewers internationally, but this has so far not been confirmed by
any independent sources. The usual extension of this claim is that only the Super Bowl,
Olympics Opening Ceremonies, and FIFA World Cup Final draw higher viewership.
The Awards show was first televised on NBC in 1953. NBC continued to broadcast the event
until 1960 when the ABC Network took over, televising the festivities through 1970, after which
NBC resumed the broadcasts. ABC once again took over broadcast duties in 1976; it is under
contract to do so through the year 2014.[23]
After more than sixty years of being held in late March or early April, the ceremonies were
moved up to late February or early March starting in 2004 to help disrupt and shorten the intense
lobbying and ad campaigns associated with Oscar season in the film industry. Another reason
was because of the growing TV ratings success of the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball
Championship, which would cut into the Academy Awards audience. The earlier date is also to

7. the advantage of ABC, as it now usually occurs during the highly profitable and important
February sweeps period. (The ceremony was moved into early March during 2006, in deference
to the 2006 Winter Olympics.) Advertising is somewhat restricted, however, as traditionally no
movie studios or competitors of official Academy Award sponsors may advertise during the
telecast. The Awards show holds the distinction of having won the most Emmys in history, with
38 wins and 167 nominations.[24]
On March 30, 1981, the awards ceremony was postponed for one day after the shooting of
President Ronald Reagan and others in Washington, D.C.
Since 2002, celebrities have been seen arriving at the Academy Awards in hybrid vehicles;[25]
during the telecast of the 79th Academy Awards in 2007, Leonardo DiCaprio and former vice
president Al Gore announced that ecologically intelligent practices had been integrated into the
planning and execution of the Oscar presentation and several related events.[26][27]
[edit] Ratings
Historically, the quot;Oscarcastquot; has pulled in a bigger haul when box-office hits are favored to win
the Best Picture trophy. More than 57.25 million viewers tuned to the telecast in 1998, the year
of Titanic, which generated close to US$600 million at the North American box office pre-
Oscars.[28] The 76th Academy Awards ceremony in which The Lord of the Rings: The Return of
the King (pre-telecast box office earnings of US$368 million) received 11 Awards including Best
Picture drew 43.56 million viewers.[29] The most watched ceremony based on Nielsen ratings to
date, however, was the 42nd Academy Awards (Best Picture Midnight Cowboy) which drew a
43.4% household rating on April 7, 1970.[30]
By contrast, ceremonies honoring films that have not performed well at the box office tend to
show weaker ratings. The 78th Academy Awards which awarded low-budgeted, independent
film Crash (with a pre-Oscar gross of US$53.4 million) generated an audience of 38.94 million
with a household rating of 22.91%.[31] More recently, the 80th Academy Awards telecast was
watched by 31.76 million viewers on average with a 18.66% household rating, the lowest rated
and least watched ceremony to date, in spite of celebrating 80 years of the Academy Awards.[32]
The Best Picture winner of that particular ceremony was another low-budget, independently
financed film (No Country for Old Men).
Academy Awards ceremonies and ratings [33][34]
Duration (not Number of
Ceremony Date Best Picture Winner Rating
running time) Viewers
68th Academy March 25, 3 hours, 38
Braveheart 44.81 million 30.48
Awards 1996 minutes
69th Academy March 24, 3 hours, 34
The English Patient 40.83 million 25.83
Awards 1997 minutes
70th Academy March 23, 3 hours, 47
Titanic 57.25 million 35.32
Awards 1998 minutes

8. 71st Academy March 21, 4 hours, 2
Shakespeare in Love 45.63 million 28.51
Awards 1999 minutes
72nd Academy March 26, 4 hours, 4
American Beauty 46.53 million 29.64
Awards 2000 minutes
73rd Academy March 25, 3 hours, 23
Gladiator 42.93 million 25.86
Awards 2001 minutes
74th Academy March 24, 4 hours, 23
A Beautiful Mind 40.54 million 25.43
Awards 2002 minutes
75th Academy March 23, 3 hours, 30
Chicago 33.04 million 20.58
Awards 2003 minutes
76th Academy February 29, The Lord of the Rings: 3 hours, 44
43.56 million 26.68
Awards 2004 The Return of the King minutes
77th Academy February 27, 3 hours, 14
Million Dollar Baby 42.16 million 25.29
Awards 2005 minutes
78th Academy March 5, 3 hours, 33
Crash 38.94 million 22.91
Awards 2006 minutes
79th Academy February 25, 3 hours, 51
The Departed 39.92 million 23.65
Awards 2007 minutes
80th Academy February 24, No Country for Old 3 hours, 21
31.76 million 18.66
Awards 2008 Men minutes
81st Academy February 22,
TBA TBA TBA
Awards 2009
[edit] Venues
The 1st Academy Awards were presented at a banquet dinner at the Roosevelt Hotel in
Hollywood.
Grauman's Chinese Theater in Hollywood then hosted the awards from 1944 to 1946, followed
by the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles from 1947 to 1948. The 21st Academy Awards in 1949
were held at the Academy Award Theater at the Academy's then-headquarters on Melrose
Avenue in Hollywood.[35]
From 1950 to 1960, the awards were presented at Hollywood's Pantages Theater. The Oscars
then moved to the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium in Santa Monica, California in 1961. By
1969, the Academy decided to move the ceremonies back to Los Angeles, this time at the
Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in the Los Angeles Music Center.
In 2002, Hollywood's Kodak Theater became the first permanent home of the awards. It is
connected to the Hollywood & Highland Center, which contains 640,000 square feet (59,000 m²)
of space including retail, restaurants, nightclubs, other establishments and a six-screen cinema.
[edit] Award categories

9. [edit] Academy Awards of Merit
[edit] Current awards
Production *
Best Picture: 1927 to present
Best Director: 1927 to present
Best Original Screenplay: 1940 to present
Best Adapted Screenplay: 1927 to present
Acting
Best Actor in a Leading Role: 1927 to present
Best Actress in a Leading Role: 1927 to present
Best Actor in a Supporting Role: 1936 to present
Best Actress in a Supporting Role: 1936 to present
Technical production
Best Art Direction: 1927 to present
Best Cinematography: 1927 to present
Best Film Editing: 1935 to present
Best Visual Effects: 1939 to present
Music
Best Original Score: 1934 to present
Best Original Song: 1934 to present
Sound
Best Sound Mixing: 1930 to present
Best Sound Editing: 1963 to present
Costume and makeup
Best Costume Design: 1948 to present
Best Makeup: 1981 to present
Animation
Best Animated Feature: 2001 to present
Best Animated Short Film: 1931 to present
Documentary

10. Best Documentary Feature: 1943 to present
Best Documentary Short Subject: 1941 to present
Other
Best Foreign Language Film: 1947 to present
Best Live Action Short Film: 1931 to present
[edit] Retired category
Best Assistant Director: 1933 to 1937
Best Dance Direction: 1935 to 1937
Best Engineering Effects: 1927/1928 only
Best Score—Adaptation or Treatment: 1962 to 1969
Best Original Musical or Comedy Score: 1995 to 1999
Best Short Film—Color: 1936 and 1937
Best Short Film—Live Action—2 Reels: 1936 to 1956
Best Short Film—Novelty: 1932 to 1935
Best Original Story: 1927 to 1956
Best Unique and Artistic Quality of Production: 1927/1928 only
Best Title Writing: 1927/1928 only
In the first year of the awards, the Best Director category was split into separate Drama and
Comedy categories. At times, the Best Original Score category has been split into separate
Drama and Comedy/Musical categories. Today, the Best Original Score category is one
category. From the 1930s through the 1960s, the Cinematography, Art Direction, and Costume
Design awards were split into separate categories for black and white and color films.
[edit] Proposed categories
The Board of Governors meets each year and considers other new categories. To date, the
following proposed awards have not been approved:
Best Casting: rejected in 1999
Best Stunt Coordination: rejected in 1999; rejected in 2005[36]
Best Title Design: rejected in 1999
[edit] Special categories
These awards are voted on by special committees, rather than by the Academy membership as a
whole, but the individual selected to receive the special award may turn down the offer.
[edit] Current special categories
Academy Honorary Award: 1927 to present
Academy Special Achievement Award

11. Academy Scientific and Technical Award: 1931 to present
The Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award: 1938 to present
Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award
Gordon E. Sawyer Award
[edit] Retired special categories
Academy Juvenile Award: 1934 to 1960
DAM Technology Award: 1936 to 1937
[edit] See also
List of Academy Award records
List of Academy Award-winning films
List of Academy Awards ceremonies
List of actors who have appeared in multiple Best Picture Academy Award winners
List of Asian Academy Award winners and nominees
List of Big Five Academy Award winners and nominees
List of Black Academy Award winners and nominees
List of films receiving six or more Academy Awards
List of oldest and youngest Academy Award winners and nominees
List of people who have won multiple Academy Awards in a single year
List of posthumous Academy Award winners and nominees
List of presenters of Best Picture Academy Award
List of Puerto Rican Academy Award winners and nominees
List of Spanish Academy Award winners and nominees
List of superlative Academy Award winners and nominees
Little Golden Guy
List of fictitious Academy Award nominees
[edit] References
1. ^ quot;About the Academy Awardsquot;. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
http://www.oscars.org/aboutacademyawards/index.html. Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
2. ^ http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2008/08.12.12.html Retrieved 2009-02-14.
3. ^ a b quot;About the Academy Awards (page 2)quot; (in English) (HTML). Academy of Motion Picture Arts
and Sciences. http://www.oscars.org/aboutacademyawards/index2.html.
4. ^ a b quot;History of the Academy Awardsquot; (in English) (HTML). Academy of Motion Picture Arts
and Sciences. http://www.oscars.org/aboutacademyawards/history01.html.
5. ^ quot;Oscar Statuette: Legacyquot;. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
http://www.oscar.com/legacy/?pn=statuette. Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
6. ^ Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (May 3, 2007). Academy to Commemorate
Oscar Designer Cedric Gibbons. Press release.
http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2000/00.05.03.html. Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
7. ^ Babwin, Don (2009-01-27). quot;Oscar 3453 is 'born' in Chicago factoryquot;. Associated Press.
Archived from the original on 2009-01-27. http://www.webcitation.org/5e8JdSe3B.

12. 8. ^ quot;Oscar Statuette: Manufacturing, Shipping and Repairsquot;. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and
Sciences. http://www.oscars.com/legacy/?pn=statuette&page=2. Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
9. ^ quot;Bette Davis biographyquot;. The Internet Movie Database.
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000012/bio. Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
10. ^ quot;Oscarsquot;, TIME Magazine, March 26, 1934
11. ^ quot;The Oscars, 1936quot;. http://firstmention.com/oscars.aspx. Retrieved on 2008-02-17.
12. ^ OSCAR.com - 80th Annual Academy Awards - Oscar Statuette
13. ^ quot;OSCAR.com - 80th Annual Academy Awards - Oscar Statuettequot;. Academy of Motion Picture
Arts and Sciences. http://www.oscar.com/oscarhistory/?pn=statuette.
14. ^ quot;A Brief History of the Oscarquot;. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
http://www.oscars.org/aboutacademyawards/awards/index.html. Retrieved on 2008-08-04.
15. ^ Lacey Rose (28 Feb 2005). quot;Psst! Wanna Buy An Oscar?quot;. forbes.
http://www.forbes.com/2005/02/28/cx_lr_0228oscarsales.html. Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
16. ^ Sandy Cohen (2008-01-30). quot;Academy Sets Oscars Contingency Planquot;. AOL News.
http://news.aol.com/entertainment/story/_a/oscars-contingency-plan/20080130161309990001.
Retrieved on 2008-03-19.
17. ^ Jackie Finlay (2006–03–03). bbc. co. uk/1/hi/entertainment/4769730.stm quot;The men who are
counting on Oscarquot;. BBC News. http://news/. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/entertainment/4769730.stm.
Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
18. ^ oscars. org/press/pressreleases/2007/07.06.18.html quot;Academy Invites 115 to Become
Membersquot;. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. http://www/. oscars.
org/press/pressreleases/2007/07.06.18.html. Retrieved on 2007-09-04.
19. ^ quot;Rule Two: Eligibilityquot;. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
http://www.oscars.org/78academyawards/rules/rule02.html. Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
20. ^ quot;Rule Five: Balloting and Nominationsquot;. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
http://www.oscars.org/78academyawards/rules/rule05.html. Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
21. ^ quot;International Broadcasters from Oscars.comquot;. Oscars.com.
http://oscar.com/oscarnight/?pn=internationalbroadcasters.
22. ^ Nielsen - Press Release: The Nielsen Company's 2008 Guide to the Academy Awards
23. ^ Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (February 7, 2005). ABC and Academy Extend
Oscar Telecast Agreement. Press release.
http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2005/05.02.07.html. Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
24. ^ Paul Sheehan (February 2, 2007). quot;Emmy Loves Oscarquot;. Los Angeles Times.
http://goldderby.latimes.com/awards_goldderby/2007/02/index.html. Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
25. ^ Kelly Carter (2003-03-30). quot;'Hybrid' cars were Oscars' politically correct ridequot;. USA TODAY.
http://www.usatoday.com/life/2003-03-30-hybrids_x.htm. Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
26. ^ Kelly Carter (2003-03-30). quot;'Hybrid' cars were Oscars' politically correct ridequot;. USA TODAY.
http://www.usatoday.com/life/2003-03-30-hybrids_x.htm. Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
27. ^ quot;Academy Statement re: Green Initiative Announcementquot;. Academy of Motion Picture Arts
and Sciences. February 25, 2007. http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2007/07.02.25.html.
Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
28. ^ Business & Technology | Academy's red carpet big stage for advertisers | Seattle Times
Newspaper
29. ^ Bowles, Scott (January 26, 2005). quot;Oscars lack blockbuster to lure TV viewersquot;. USA Today.
http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/movieawards/oscars/2005-01-26-oscar-telecast_x.htm.
Retrieved on 2006-11-08.
30. ^ Charts and Data: Top 100 TV Shows of All Time by Variety
31. ^ quot;Low Ratings Crash Partyquot;. USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2006-
03-07-nielsen-analysis_x.htm.
32. ^ quot;Oscar ratings worst everquot;. The Washington Post.
http://www.capecodonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080227/LIFE/802270307.

13. 33. ^ Scott Bowles (February 26, 2008). quot;Low Oscar Ratings Cue Soul-Searchingquot;. USAToday.
http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/movieawards/oscars/2008-02-26-oscar-ratings_N.htm.
Retrieved on 2008-03-19.
34. ^ Nikki Finke (February 26, 2007). quot;UPDATE: 39.9 Million Watch 79th Oscarsquot;. Nikki Finke's
Deadline Hollywood Daily (LA Weekly). http://www.deadlinehollywooddaily.com/overnights-
show-2-nielsen-oscar-ratings. Retrieved on 2008-03-19.
35. ^ quot;Oscars Award Venuesquot;. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
http://www.oscars.org/aboutacademyawards/venues.html. Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
36. ^ Michael Hiltzik (2005-08-04). quot;One stunt they've been unable to pull offquot;. Los Angeles Times.
http://theenvelope.latimes.com/movies/env-fi-stunts4aug04,0,3864314.story?coll=env-movies.
Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
[edit] Sources
Cotte, Oliver (2007). Secrets of Oscar-winning animation: Behind the scenes of 13
classic short animations.. Focal Press. ISBN 978-0240520704.
Gail, K. & Piazza, J. (2002) The Academy Awards the Complete History of Oscar. Black
Dog & Leventhal Publishers, Inc. ISBN 157912240X
Levy, Emanuel (2003) All About Oscar: The History and Politics of the Academy
Awards. Continuum, New York. ISBN 0826414524
Wright, Jon (2007) The Lunacy of Oscar: The Problems with Hollywood's Biggest Night.
Thomas Publishing, Inc.
[edit] External links
Academy Awards Portal
Film Portal
Media and images from Commons
look up in Wiktionary
Oscars.org (official Academy site)
Oscar.com (official ceremony promotional site)
Awardsdaily.com (popular Oscars blog)
Oscars Photos (Moviefone)
Academy Award at the Internet Movie Database
Complete Downloadable List of Academy Award Nominees
Filmsite.org (comprehensive Academy Awards history)
Link to DVD list of all Best Picture Winners
A TIME Archives Collection of the Academy's influence on American Culture
RSOwens.com (The manufacturer of the trophy)

14. Survival in Academy Award–Winning Actors and Actresses (Published study in the
Annals of Internal Medicine on the life expectancy of winners of the awards for Best
Actress and Actor)
v•d•e
Academy Awards
Portal · Category
Best Picture · Best Director · Best Leading Actor · Best Leading
Actress · Best Adapted Screenplay · Best Original Screenplay · Best
Supporting Actor · Best Supporting Actress · Best Animated Feature ·
Best Art Direction · Best Cinematography · Best Costume Design · Best
Documentary Feature · Best Documentary Short Subject · Best Film
Merit awards
Editing · Best Foreign Language Film: Winners and nominees · Best
Makeup · Best Original Score · Best Original Song · Best Animated
Short Film · Best Live Action Short Film · Best Sound Mixing · Best
Sound Editing · Best Visual Effects
Academy Honorary Award · Academy Special Achievement Award ·
Academy Award, Scientific or Technical · Irving G. Thalberg Memorial
Special awards
Award · Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award · Gordon E. Sawyer Award
Best Assistant Director · Best Dance Direction · Best Director of a
Comedy Picture · Best Short Film - Live Action - 2 Reels · Best Short
Retired awards
Film - Novelty · Best Original Story · Best Title Writing · Best Unique
and Artistic Quality of Production · Academy Juvenile Award
1928 · 1929 · 1930 · 1931 · 1932 · 1933 · 1934 · 1935 · 1936 · 1937 ·
1938 · 1939 · 1940 · 1941 · 1942 · 1943 · 1944 · 1945 · 1946 · 1947 ·
1948 · 1949 · 1950 · 1951 · 1952 · 1953 · 1954 · 1955 · 1956 · 1957 ·
1958 · 1959 · 1960 · 1961 · 1962 · 1963 · 1964 · 1965 · 1966 · 1967 ·
Award ceremonies
1968 · 1969 · 1970 · 1971 · 1972 · 1973 · 1974 · 1975 · 1976 · 1977 ·
(nominations)
1978 · 1979 · 1980 · 1981 · 1982 · 1983 · 1984 · 1985 · 1986 · 1987 ·
1988 · 1989 · 1990 · 1991 · 1992 · 1993 · 1994 · 1995 · 1996 · 1997 ·
1998 · 1999 · 2000 · 2001 · 2002 · 2003 · 2004 · 2005 · 2006 · 2007 ·
2008
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS)
v•d•e
Cinema of the United States
A–Z of films · Films by year · Academy Awards · Actors · Animators · Box office ·
Cinematographers · Critics · Directors · Editors · Festivals · Film series · Golden
Globes · Hollywood · Movie theatres · Producers · Production companies · Score
composers · Screen Actors Guild Awards · Screenwriters · Silent films · Stunt
performers · AFI 100 Years · National Film Registry
Retrieved from quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Awardquot;
Categories: Academy Awards | American film awards | Awards established in 1929

15. Hidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements
since February 2008
Views
Article
Discussion
Edit this page
History
Personal tools
Log in / create account
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Search
Go Searc h
Interaction
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact Wikipedia
Donate to Wikipedia
Help
Toolbox
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Printable version
Permanent link
Cite this page
Languages

16. Afrikaans
‫ال عرب ية‬
Asturianu
Azərbaycan
Bân-lâm-gú
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Bosanski
Български
Català
Česky
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
‫ف ار سی‬
Français
Frysk
Gaeilge
Galego
贛語
한국어
Hrvatski
Ilokano
Bahasa Indonesia
Íslenska
Italiano
‫עברית‬
ქართული
Қазақша
Kiswahili
Latina
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Magyar
Македонски
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands

17. 日本語
Occitan
Oromoo
O'zbek
Piemontèis
Plattdüütsch
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Shqip
Sicilianu
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Српски / Srpski
Srpskohrvatski / Српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
ไทย
Tiếng Việt
Тоҷикӣ
Türkçe
Українська
Vèneto
吴语
Yorùbá
粵語
Žemaitėška
中文
This page was last modified on 19 February 2009, at 00:43.
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See
Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S.
registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.

18. Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers