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1.
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2
Route A:
13min.
Route C:
17min.
Route B:
14min.
A
⇒ A
min/km13 14 17
Route A
Route B
Route C
Probability
A
A
1.
Ø Lyman, K. and Bertini, R. (2008)
95%tile (TTI)
(BI) (PTI)
3
/
Ø /
Ø
Ø
Ø (2008)
1 ETC
…
1.
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4
ü Edie,
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ü
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∑ ,%&--∈/ 012
668 $%& =
1
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3%&-
5
P ! = {1,2, … , A} q
2.
6
2.
!!" #$% , !!" #'% , … , !!" #)%
Ø %tile
0%tile , 25%tile, 50%tile , 75%tile, 100%tile
Ø
Ø
95%tile
5%tile
3.
ETC2.0
Ø 2014/10/ 1 12/31 59
Ø
7
3.
Ø
1,6000 ITS
Ø ( )
/ / /
Ø
ITS
200m
ITS
ITS
8
ETC2.0
3.
ITS
ETC2.0 ITS
Ø ITS
Ø
100km
842
9
ETC2.0
ETC2.0
•
200m +45
•
≓2
•
ITS
•
• 1%
•
1
•
•
ITS
20m
•
•
10
4.
11
1km 1km
e.g.
Ø 1 ! = {1,2, … , 24}	 59 + = {1,2, … , 59}	
Ø 3
4.
12
4.
13
3
14
5.
75%tile
50%tile
25%tile
1.5min/km
=40km/h
time of day time of day time of day
15
5.
75%tile
50%tile
25%tile
time of day time of day time of day
16
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
/km
/km
- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
5.
-
17
Fosgerau and Fukuda, 2012
5.
-
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4
min/km
min/km
18
5.
Ø
Ø
→
Ø
19
6.
Ø
59 1
Ø
3
20
6.
Ø 3 45
Ø 5
⇒
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12 13 3
17 18
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7 8
22
6.
12 13
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17 18
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6.
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25
(1)
246
4
26
(2)2014年秋 東名集中工事 位置図
期 間 ① 10 月 20 日(月)0:00 ~ 10 月 24 日(金)24:00
② 10 月 27 日(月)0:00 ~ 10 月 31 日(金)24:00
③ 11 月 4 日(火)0:00 ~ 11 月 7 日(金)24:00
※期間中の土・日・祝日は、工事を行いません
区 間 ①②東京IC~豊川IC、③東京IC~御殿場JCT
首都圏域と名古屋以西を移動する場合は、中央道のご利用をご検討下さい。
27
(2)
28
(3)
29
(4)
30
(5)
分析対象エリア
札幌周辺の1次メッシュ(#6441)と,その中の2次メッシュ(10kmx10km)
5
プローブドット数の空間分布
2014年12月1か月間の3次メッシュ内のドット数
6
日本全国のプローブドット数
東京周辺と比較すると,札幌周辺はほぼ1/10の密度
7
1日の平均速度,走行台キロの年間変化
札幌周辺1次メッシュ(#6441)
機器搭載車両数の増加に伴い,走行台キロは増加傾向.2014年初に比べ,年末は約3倍.
走行エリアの変化(都心部からのデータが増加?)のためか,9月以降の平均速度は漸減.
8
5分間平均速度の1日の中での時間変動
秋季平日(2014年10月1日) 冬期平日(2014年12月16日)
Mean: 1次メッシュ内の5分間平均速度
Stddev: 3次メッシュ平均速度の1次メッシュ内の標準偏差
TDT: 1次メッシュ内の5分間走行台キロ
9
秋季は,早朝と夜間は40km/h以上.昼間は30km/hに低下.
冬期は,昼間30km/h以下に落ちることも.
標準偏差は20km/h.秋季,冬期とも,時間変動が小さい.(原因不明)
日平均速度の月間変動:秋季(10月)と冬期(12月)の比較
秋季(2014年10月) 冬期(2014年12月)
10
秋季の日平均速度は40km/hで月間変動は小さい.
冬期の日平均速度の変動は大きく,35km/hを下回ることもある.
11
積雪期(12月~3月)は,非積雪期に比較して日平均速度が低く,日々の変動も大きい.
降雪量の多い日は,日平均速度が低下する.
降雪量・積雪量と日平均速度(平日)
12
降雪量・積雪量と日平均速度(休日)
特定時間帯の平均速度の年間変動
13
平均速度, 偏差,変動係数の空間分布
2014年10月
2014年12月
14
秋季(10月)と冬期(12月)の差分
平均速度(v) 標準偏差(sd) 変動係数(sd/v)
冬期の日平均速度は,日本海側で2~3km/h低下する.
冬期の標準偏差は,日本海側で2~3km/h増加する.
冬期の変動係数は,札幌周辺で10%増加する.
冬期の信頼性が悪化
15
箱ひげ図による時間信頼性評価
• 1次メッシュの旅行時間=1/速度
• 1時間帯ごとの旅行時間(中央値,タイ
ル値,最大・最少値)の日変化
• 1月~12月までの月ごとに,平日のみ
16
最大値
75%タイル値
中央値
25%タイル値
最小値
17
Jan. Feb.
Mar. Apr.
18
May Jun.
Jul. Aug.
19
Spt. Oct.
Nov. Dec.
他地域の旅行時間信頼性との比較
20
出典: 水口・日下部・福田・朝倉(2016) プローブデータを用いたエリアレベルでの旅行
時間信頼性評価. 第54回土木計画学研究発表会, 長崎大学.
3か月間(2014年10月~12月)の平日のみ
31
7.
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø 6
/

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広域・長期観測プローブ情報を用いたエリアレベルでの旅行時間信頼性評価